scholarly journals The Effect of Job Stress and Psychological Burnout on Child-care Teachers’ Turnover Intention: A Moderated Mediation Model of Gratitude

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-403
Author(s):  
Yeoun Kyoung Hwang ◽  
◽  
Chang Seek Lee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Conditional Indirect Effects

Introduction. Child-care teachers’ turnover intention is very high in Korea because of low wage and hard work which cause job stress and psychological burnout. There is need for research to reduce turnover intention using psychological variables such as gratitude. Our purpose in this study was to verify when gratitude affects the mediating effects of psychological exhaustion in the link between job stress and turnover intention of 234 childcare teachers in Korea. Study participants and methods. The participants in this study were 234 child-care teachers from Korea. Among the participants, 78.6% were married and 21.4% were single. The most common age group was 40s with 49.1%, 30s with 23.6%, 20s with 15.0%, and 50s with 12.3%. For analysis, we used SPSS Win.25.0 and PROCESS macro for SPSS 3.5 programs to do descriptive statistics analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and moderated mediation effect analysis. Results. First, turnover intention had a positive correlation with job stress (r = .506, p<.01) and psychological burnout (r = .571, p<.01), and a negative association with gratitude (r = - .339, p < .01). Second, conditional indirect effects of gratitude on the relationship between job stress and turnover intention through psychological burnout were significant (p < .001) when the gratitude value was low (M-1 SD), average (M), or high (M+1 SD). Therefore, the moderated mediation effect of gratitude was verified. Practical significance. This study found out that gratitude of childcare teachers alleviates their turnover intention. This result will be used as a model to reduce the degree of turnover intention by using the gratitude of child-care teachers.

scholarly journals The Influence of Organizational Incivility and Job Stress on Childcare Teachers’ Turnover Intention: Moderated Mediation Effect of Gratitude

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-429
Author(s):  
Da Hye Seo ◽  
◽  
Chang Seek Lee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Job Stress ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Quality Of Childcare

Introduction. The turnover intention of teachers who work at childcare centers and facilities is high in Korea because of workplace incivility and job stress. There is a need for research to reduce turnover intention. This study aimed to investigate whether gratitude moderates the mediating effects of job stress in the association between organizational incivility and turnover intention of childcare teachers. Study participants and methods. The participants in this study were child-care teachers working in Chungnam province of Korea. The survey participants were 108 (49.1%) in their 40s, 85 (38.6%) in their 30s and older, and 27 (12.3%) in their 50s and older. There were 180 married people (78.6%), and 49 people (21.4%) unmarried. For analysis, we did data analysis using SPSS PC+ Win. Ver. 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro Ver. 3.5. We used frequency, reliability, correlation, and moderated mediating effect analysis. Results. First, organizational incivility, job stress, and turnover intention were significantly correlated. Organizational incivility had a positive correlation with job stress (r = .412, p < .01) and turnover intention (r = .536, p < .01), and gratitude was negatively correlated with job stress (r = -.288, p < .01) and with turnover intention (r = -.339, p < .01). Second, as the result of analyzing the moderated mediation effect analysis, when the gratitude value was low (M-1SD), medium (M), and high (M+1SD), the conditional indirect effect was significant. Therefore, the moderated mediating effect of gratitude moderating the mediating effect of job stress in the link between organizational incivility and turnover intention was verified. Practical significance. Incivility acted as a cause of increasing turnover intention, and gratitude acted as a buffer to lower turnover intention. Therefore, this study will be used as policy development data to lower the intention to turnover of childcare teachers who have experienced rudeness and to improve the quality of childcare services.

scholarly journals The effect of airline service major students’ employment stress on learned helplessness and employment preparation behavior: a moderated mediation model of resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-414
Author(s):  
Yunmi Park ◽  
◽  
Aeeun Jeon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Employment Preparation

Introduction. Employment stress among airline service major students is very high, because airlines have not been recruiting during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to high learned helplessness and less employment preparation behavior among students. Thus, the purpose of this study was to verify the effect of resilience, one of the positive psychological variables that decrease the negative mutual influence between learned helplessness and employment preparation behavior. Samples and methods. The participants in this study were 312 airline service major students from four universities in South Korea. Data were collected from junior students who were in their third year of university (64.7%) and senior students who were in their fourth year of university (35.3%) in South Korea. For analysis, this study used SPSS Win.25.0 and PROCESS macro for SPSS 3.5 programs to conduct the frequency test for the demographic information, reliability test, correlation test, and moderated mediation effect analysis. Results. First, employment preparation behavior had a negative correlation with employment stress (r = -.497, p<.01) and learned helplessness (r = -.361, p<.01), as well as a positive association with resilience (r = .484, p < .01). Second, the conditional indirect effects of resilience on the relationship between employment stress and employment preparation behavior through learned helplessness were significant (p < .001) when the resilience value was low (M-1 SD), average (M), or high (M+1 SD). Therefore, the moderated mediation effect of resilience was verified. Practical significance. This study found that airline service major students with high resilience have increased employment preparation behavior. Given the results of this study, students’ resilience should be developed and strengthened to reduce or overcome students’ stress and learned helplessness during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The dual mediating effect of mindfulness and hope between gratitude and happiness of high school students in Korea: the moderated mediation effect of the growth mindset

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 363-373
Author(s):  
Eun Mi Shin ◽  
◽  
Chang Seek Lee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
School Students ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Mediating Role

Introduction. In Korea, high school students are very low in happiness because they possess many worries about better university entrance and career development. The purpose of this study was to focus on increasing happiness by examining whether the growth mindset moderates the dual mediating effects of mindfulness and hope between gratitude and happiness. Study participants and methods. The participants of this research were male (50.6%) and female (49.4%) among 435 high school students, and 86.2% of the participants lived in small and medium-sized cities, Dong and Eup. As for parental occupations, sales, service, and production jobs accounted for the most, at 32.2%. The household income level was medium for 51.0% of the participants, and 64.1% had dual-income parents. The SPSS Win. 25 and the PROCESS macro 3.5. were used for data analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, mean comparison analysis, and moderated mediation effect analysis were conducted. Results. First, there was significant positive correlation between all of the variables. Gratitude and happiness had the highest correlation coefficient (r=.494, p<.01), followed by mindfulness and happiness (r=.452, p<.01), and then gratitude and happiness (r=.451, p<.01). Second, the growth mindset moderates the relationship between gratitude and mindfulness. Third, the growth mindset played a moderated mediating role in the path of gratitude → mindfulness → happiness in both the M and M+SD conditions. Fourth, the growth mindset played a moderated mediating role in the path of gratitude → hope → happiness. Fifth, the growth mindset played a moderated mediating role in the path of gratitude → mindfulness → hope → happiness in M and M+SD conditions. Practical significance. These results will contribute to developing a model to increase happiness by using growth mindset in high school students.

scholarly journals The Effects of Job Stress and Hope on the Happiness of Office Workers: The Moderated Mediation Model of Growth Mindset

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S6) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Keyword(s):  
Job Stress ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Bootstrap Analysis ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
First Job ◽  
The Relationship

The study was to verify the moderated mediation effect of growth mindset on the relationship between stress and happiness through hope for 338 office workers in Korea. SPSS Win. 21.0 were used to analyze the reliability, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis in this study. The moderated mediation effect of growth mindset was analyzed by applying SPSS PROCESS macro Model 7. To verify the moderated mediation effect, the bootstrap analysis was set to 5,000 iterations, and the confidence interval was set to 95%. Research findings are as follows. First, job stress had negative correlation with hopes, growth mindset and happiness. Happiness had positive correlation with hopes and growth mindset. Second, the growth mindset moderated the relationship between job stress and happiness via the hope of office workers, which verified the conditional indirect effect of job stress on happiness. These results will help increase office worker’s happiness through hope and growth mindset.

scholarly journals The relationship between job stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intention in childcare teachers: a conditional direct and indirect effect of gratitude

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-428
Author(s):  
Chang Seek Lee ◽  
◽  
Yeoun Kyoung Hwang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Daycare Centers ◽  
Conditional Effect ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. In Korea, 25.7% of all teachers at daycare centers resigned in 2018. Turnover of childcare teachers leads to decreased quality of childcare services, so this issue merits academic interest and government measures. The purpose of this study was to examine the conditional direct and indirect effects of gratitude in relation to job stress, job satisfaction, and turnover intention of childcare teachers so that countermeasures can be prepared to reduce turnover intention. Study participants and methods. The participants of the survey were childcare teachers working in daycare centers in Korea, and regarding age, the majority were in their 40s (49.1%), followed in order by those in their 30s or younger (38.6%) and those in their 50s or older (12.3%). In terms of the marital statuses of the participants, 78.6% were married, while in terms of education, college graduates accounted for the largest group at 61.8%. The data were analyzed using SPSS Win. 25 and the PROCESS macro 3.5. The following statistical techniques were applied: descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, mean comparison analysis, and moderated mediation effect analysis. The bootstrap method was used to analyze the moderated mediation effects, and bootstrapping was assigned as 5,000 samples and a 95% confidence interval, and the independent variables, mediating variables, and moderating variables were averaged. Results. First, Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant correlation between job stress, job satisfaction, gratitude, and turnover intention. Turnover intention and job satisfaction showed the highest negative correlation coefficient (r=-.528, p<.01). Second, job satisfaction mediated the link between job stress and turnover intention. Third, the conditional effect of gratitude on the link between job stress and turnover intention was significant when gratitude was low and average, and the effect of job stress decreased when gratitude increased. Fourth, the conditional effect of gratitude on the link between job satisfaction and turnover was significant when gratitude was low, average, and high, and the effect of job satisfaction decreased when gratitude increased. Fifth, the conditional indirect effect of job stress → job satisfaction → turnover intention was significant when gratitude was low (M-1SD), average (M), and high (M+1SD). Altogether, the results verified the moderated mediation effect of gratitude. Practical significance. This study examined the mediating effect of job satisfaction and the moderating effect of gratitude in the relationship between job stress and turnover intention. This study provides basic data that can be used for program development as well as the creation of policies that can reduce turnover intention in childcare settings.

scholarly journals Effects of Stress and Hope on Happiness of Workers: The Moderating Mediation Model of Growth Mindset

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S6) ◽  
pp. 305-310
Keyword(s):  
Job Stress ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Growth Mindset ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Effects Of Stress ◽  
Reducing Stress

The purpose of this study was to analyze the moderated mediation effects of growth mindset on the effects of stress and hope on the happiness of the employees, and to find ways to improve the happiness from the stress of the workers. SPSS PC + Win. 23 and SPSS MACRO process 3.1. were used for the completion of the data analysis. The main statistical techniques were noted as frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and moderated mediation effect analysis. In this case, the effect analysis verification used bootstrap, with 5,000 samples of sub-trap and 95% confidence interval. The resulting research findings are as follows. First, Stress has negative correlation with growth mindset, hope and happiness. It is noted that growth mindset has a positive correlation with hope and happiness. Second, the moderated mediation effect of growth mindset on the pass from stress to hope and to happiness was verified. These results will contribute to reducing stress and improving happiness of employees who suffered from job stress by applying the growth mindset to them.

scholarly journals Gratitude influences happiness through mindfulness in Korean high school students: the moderated mediation model of grit

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 334-344
Author(s):  
Chang Seek Lee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Entrance Examination ◽  
School Students ◽  
Effect Analysis

Introduction. There are many ways to enhance happiness for people. Recently, mindfulness, gratitude and grit contribute to several psychological areas such as wellbeing and success. In addition, Korean high school students suffer from hard work like university entrance examination. Therefore, it is important to study the new ways to increase happiness using recently emerging psychological variables. The purpose of the study aimed to determine whether grit moderates the mediating effect of mindfulness in the association between gratitude and happiness targeting high school students in Korea. Study participants and methods. The participants were 435 high school students purposively selected from four high schools at Seosan city, Chungnam province in Korea. There was 50.6% for males and 49.4% for females, and men and women were evenly distributed. In this case, the 3rd grade was 71.3%, more than 28.7% of 2nd grade, and 1st grade was not included in the survey. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ Win. Ver. 25.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro Ver. 3.5. The statistical techniques applied were frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and a moderated mediation effect analysis. Results. First, as a result of correlation analysis, happiness was significantly positively correlated with gratitude (r=.494, p<.001), grit (r=.299, p<.001) and mindfulness (r=.452, p<.001), and the correlation between happiness and gratitude showed the highest coefficient. Second, as a result of the moderated mediation effect analysis, the grit moderated the mediating effect of mindfulness in the link between gratitude and happiness (.6118, .0311~.1806). Practical significance. Based on these findings, this study discussed methods for improving the happiness of high school students through the gratitude, grit and mindfulness. Therefore, this results will be useful to policy making and program development for happiness.

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