FEATURES OF A NETWORK ORGANIZATION OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiia Buniak
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Network Interaction ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Network Form

The article examines the features of a network organization of innovative activity. A definite trend of development of a knowledge economy is the shift towards partnerships in the innovation sphere. In the work it is determined that many problems associated with creating an enabling environment for activating innovative processes on the basis of network interaction are still poorly studied. It makes appropriate to carry out further research in this sphere. The network form of interaction bases on the principles of equal partnership, agreed in time and space of behavior of participants. It brings together the whole process of developing, producing and disseminating innovations. A typical network structure is an open system that consists of a set of interconnected elements (participants). They interact and exchange information to create and enhance competitive advantage, have roughly equal access to core resources, and have equal direct relations with other participants. They all get benefit from network interaction, regardless of their size and type of activity. The formation of innovation networks is a complex process that involves the selection and voluntary integration of stakeholders into a single network. Modern innovation networks are based on the concept of open innovation, which involves the use of external ideas and technologies while allowing other stakeholders to use their own ideas. The process of formation of innovation networks involves the emergence of the initiator bringing together a number of enterprises in the efficient production of innovation. The network structure is a modern model for the redistribution of tangible and intangible assets, allowing its participants to reduce time and material costs to adapt to market conditions. The presence of horizontal links and the sharing of available resources significantly accelerates the process of transforming scientific knowledge into innovation and its commercialization. Increasing the interaction between participants leads to the accumulation of innovation potential and the activation of innovative processes.

Islamic Acquisition of the Foreign Sciences

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-324
Author(s):  
J. L. Berggren
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Ancient Science ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Scientific Ideas

The study of the transmission and transformation of ancient science ismore than a study of which texts were translated, when, and by whom. It wasa complex process, better seen as beginning rather than ending with the translationof relevant books, for the heart of the process is the assimilation ratherthan the simple reception of the material. Scientific ideas move because peoplestudy books, compute with tables, and use instruments, not simply becausethey translate books, transcribe tables, or buy pretty artifacts. It sufficesto recall that the scholars of the Byzantine Empire, despite their status as thedirect heirs of the classical Greek scientific tradition and their direct accessto whatever classical Greek manuscripts the Islamic world eventually cameto possess-indeed to more of them and from an earlier date-were largelyuninterested in this knowleldge. Hence no account of the transmission of scientificknowledge can be complete if it does not recognize that it is, at root,an account of the activities of what Dupree has called "homo sapiens in asocial context."Two CaveatsAt the outset of this paper, two points mu5t be taken into consideration.First, although we may wish to study the whole process of the Islamic acquisitionof the foreign sciences as it took place over several centuries and overan area extending from Spain to Afghanistan, it must be realized that theexamples given refer to specific events that took place at specific times andin specific places. As a result, eminent Islamic thinkers and writers are quotedwithout any accompanying claim that each one is representative of all Islamicthinkers at all times and in all places. It is sufficient that when a person suchwithout any accompanying claim that each one is representative of all Islamic ...

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of the Network Organization of Labor on the Innovative Activity of Employees

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Yu N Startsev ◽  
В A Taradanov
Keyword(s):  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
The Impact

Представлены результаты сравнения эмпирической оценки инновационной активности работников при сетевой организации труда на примере комплексных бригад, работающих на едином наряде (строительство и торговля), с инновационной активностью коллективов, работающих по традиционной индивидуальной организации труда, то есть с использованием нарядно-повременной системы оплаты труда (машиностроение и железная дорога). Использовались собственные эксперименты авторов. Показано, что инновационная активность в бригадах при сетевой организации труда может до пяти раз превосходить инновационную активность работников, работающих по традиционной нарядно-повременной системе оплаты труда.

The fusome organizes the microtubule network during oocyte differentiation in Drosophila

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (19) ◽  
pp. 4253-4264 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Grieder ◽  
M. de Cuevas ◽  
A.C. Spradling
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Microtubule Network ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Gamma Tubulin ◽  
Oocyte Differentiation

Differentiation of the Drosophila oocyte takes place in a cyst of 16 interconnected germ cells and is dependent on a network of microtubules that becomes polarized as differentiation progresses (polarization). We have investigated how the microtubule network polarizes using a GFP-tubulin construct that allows germ-cell microtubules to be visualized with greater sensitivity than in previous studies. Unexpectedly, microtubules are seen to associate with the fusome, an asymmetric germline-specific organelle, which elaborates as cysts form and undergoes complex changes during cyst polarization. This fusome-microtubule association occurs periodically during late interphases of cyst divisions and then continuously in 16-cell cysts that have entered meiotic prophase. As meiotic cysts move through the germarium, microtubule minus ends progressively focus towards the center of the fusome, as visualized using a NOD-lacZ marker. During this same period, discrete foci rich in gamma tubulin that very probably correspond to migrating cystocyte centrosomes also associate with the fusome, first on the fusome arms and then in its center, subsequently moving into the differentiating oocyte. The fusome is required for this complex process, because microtubule network organization and polarization are disrupted in hts(1) mutant cysts, which lack fusomes. Our results suggest that the fusome, a specialized membrane-skeletal structure, which arises in early germ cells, plays a crucial role in polarizing 16-cell cysts, at least in part by interacting with microtubules and centrosomes.

scholarly journals A Cell’s Fate: An Overview of the Molecular Biology and Genetics of Apoptosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna C. Cavalcante ◽  
Ana Paula Schaan ◽  
Gleyce Fonseca Cabral ◽  
Mayara Natália Santana-da-Silva ◽  
Pablo Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Internal Stress ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Intrinsic Pathway ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Regulated Cell Death ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Interactive Networks

Apoptosis is one of the main types of regulated cell death, a complex process that can be triggered by external or internal stimuli, which activate the extrinsic or the intrinsic pathway, respectively. Among various factors involved in apoptosis, several genes and their interactive networks are crucial regulators of the outcomes of each apoptotic phase. Furthermore, mitochondria are key players in determining the way by which cells will react to internal stress stimuli, thus being the main contributor of the intrinsic pathway, in addition to providing energy for the whole process. Other factors that have been reported as important players of this intricate molecular network are miRNAs, which regulate the genes involved in the apoptotic process. Imbalance in any of these mechanisms can lead to the development of several illnesses, hence, an overall understanding of these processes is essential for the comprehension of such situations. Although apoptosis has been widely studied, the current literature lacks an updated and more general overview on this subject. Therefore, here, we review and discuss the mechanisms of apoptosis, highlighting the roles of genes, miRNAs, and mitochondria involved in this type of cell death.

scholarly journals Process Disturbances in Agricultural Biogas Production—Causes, Mechanisms and Effects on the Biogas Microbiome: A Review

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Theuerl ◽  
Johanna Klang ◽  
Annette Prochnow
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Process Monitoring And Control ◽  
Process Disturbances ◽  
And Control

Disturbances of the anaerobic digestion process reduce the economic and environmental performance of biogas systems. A better understanding of the highly complex process is of crucial importance in order to avoid disturbances. This review defines process disturbances as significant changes in the functionality within the microbial community leading to unacceptable and severe decreases in biogas production and requiring an active counteraction to be overcome. The main types of process disturbances in agricultural biogas production are classified as unfavorable process temperatures, fluctuations in the availability of macro- and micronutrients (feedstock variability), overload of the microbial degradation potential, process-related accumulation of inhibiting metabolites such as hydrogen (H2), ammonium/ammonia (NH4+/NH3) or hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and inhibition by other organic and inorganic toxicants. Causes, mechanisms and effects on the biogas microbiome are discussed. The need for a knowledge-based microbiome management to ensure a stable and efficient production of biogas with low susceptibility to disturbances is derived and an outlook on potential future process monitoring and control by means of microbial indicators is provided.

scholarly journals Organisation of work on the pedagogic support of the formation of personality in the networked form of the implementation of educational programmes

2019 ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Yana A. Glazova
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Human Resource Capacity ◽  
Network Interaction ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Network Partner ◽  
Resource Capacity ◽  
Network Form

This article proposes the organisation of work on the basis of a network form of interaction; creating conditions for the formation of a single social and educational medium that ensures the development and socialisation of students is described as well as implementation of joint educational and socio-pedagogic projects that ensure the inclusion of students in various types of social practices; organising and conducting joint research aimed at finding and solving topical problems of education and upbringing; strengthening the human resource capacity of network partner organisations; expanding the material and technical base to improve the efficiency of interaction; improving the scientific and methodological work of pedagogues. Mechanisms of network interaction are described, as well as its logic and steps that correspond to the stages of the professional development of the personality of students on a particular course, while solving specific educational tasks. The model "institute – resource centre" was the leading model of network interaction. This model represents the integration of several educational organisations around one of them, which has the greatest material and personnel potential, which will play the role of a resource centre for other educational organisations.

scholarly journals REGARDING THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE DOMESTIC SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (54) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena R. Serhieieva ◽  
◽  
Viktoriia M. Orlova ◽  
Oksana V. Kuzmenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
Technical Programs ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The essence of small and medium business in Ukraine is investigated. It is established that small and medium enterprises are a key element of a market economy, which affects the level of development of society and guarantees its stability. It is estimated that more than 6.9 million people, or about 82% of all employees, operate in the SME sector. SMEs account for more than 70% of employment in the trade, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, and information services sectors. Innovation has been shown to play an increasingly important role, and small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are seen in such an environment as an efficient market player capable of creating competitive ideas and commercializing innovation. It is determined that innovations are an integral component of modern corporate strategies and can be used to develop and implement more efficient production processes, as well as increase market performance or create a positive image and reputation of the company from the consumer’s point of view. It is proved that the level of innovation of enterprises depends on its size. The development and implementation of innovations should be guaranteed by qualified personnel in the field of innovative research. However, given the decline of the national economy, insufficient state support for the financing of scientific and technical programs, the innovative activity of large enterprises is extremely limited. 56.8% of innovative SMEs are involved in industry, others in services. It was found that 82.2% of enterprises do not want to innovate, and the objective reason for this is low demand in the innovation market, previously introduced innovations, extremely low competition in the market, lack of effective ideas or opportunities to innovate. It is proved that in order to improve the innovation activity of small and medium enterprises in Ukraine important steps are: implementation of specialized programs of innovative development, creation of innovation infrastructure, establishment of close cooperation between scientific institutions and enterprises based on commercialization principles, development and implementation of effective algorithm.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE NETWORK ORGANIZATION OF THE RECREATION & REHABILITATION CONSORTIUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) (2) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
S.Y. Tsohla ◽  
N.A. Simchenko ◽  
I.S. Karlov
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Network Organization ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Network Interaction ◽  
New Directions

The problems and significance of medical rehabilitation for the restoration of the working capacity of citizens, the possibility of preventing and treating diseases in a sanatorium-resort environment are discussed in this paper. The resort specialization of the Crimean regions and the possibilities of regional sanatorium-resort organizations in carrying out joint activities of providing a complex of medical rehabilitation and health services have been investigated. The development of network interaction of specialized organizations is proposed, the advantages of the network principles of functioning of the recreational and rehabilitation distributed consortium, stimulating the development of new directions of medical and rehabilitation services, are determined.

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