Premature immunosenescence: role of stress-related factors

PNEI REVIEW ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Moisés E. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronic Psychosocial Stress

The ageing of the immune system, immunosenescence, is associated with important remodelling changes in all lymphoid organs and its cells. However, the pace of ageing differs between people with the same chronological age, indicating that it may be thus influenced by extrinsic factors, including the chronic stress. In fact, young adults under chronic psychosocial stress may present immunosenescence features similarly to those found in older adults. Immunosenescence contributes to the onset and clinical course of age-related diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. This article reviews that premature immunosenescence is observed in adults under chronic psychological stress as well as in healthy adolescents with history of childhood maltreatment. Superimposing stress during ageing is associated with further decline in adaptive immunity, increased inflammaging, accelerated cellular senescence and increased susceptibility to infections. This is of great interest for the COVID-19 pandemic, making the chronically stressed older adults of particular risk for worsen disease outcomes and poor vaccine responses.

scholarly journals Trait Mindfulness May Buffer Against the Deleterious Effects of Childhood Abuse in Recurrent Depression: A Retrospective Exploratory Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Beshai
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Trait Mindfulness ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of

Objective: Individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment are particularly vulnerable to a longer course of depression. Immunization theories of resilience suggest that resilience and related factors may buffer against the deleterious effects of early childhood adversity. Trait mindfulness is linked to resilience and may be a pathway to cultivating this dynamic process. In this study, we investigated whether trait mindfulness can buffer against the effects of early childhood maltreatment in predicting lifetime number of months depressed. Method: We recruited 43 previously depressed, currently remitted patients, and retrospectively examined their depression history (using a structured interview, LIFE-SCID), their self-reported experience of maltreatment in the first 16 years of life (MOPS), and their levels of trait mindfulness (MAAS). Results: We found that number of months depressed in a lifetime was positively associated with reported childhood maltreatment, and negatively associated with trait mindfulness. Secondly, we found evidence that trait mindfulness significantly moderated the relationship of early childhood maltreatment and number of months depressed. Specifically, it appears that individuals who report severe histories of maltreatment are especially vulnerable to recurrent depression if they are also reporting low levels of trait mindfulness. Conclusions: Increasing mindfulness may be warranted among individuals reporting a history of childhood abuse with lower baselines of trait mindfulness; however, results of this retrospective study require replication in a larger, prospective trial.

scholarly journals Assessment of Additional Medical Costs Among Older Adults in Japan With a History of Childhood Maltreatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e1918681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Isumi ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara ◽  
Hirotaka Kato ◽  
Taishi Tsuji ◽  
Daisuke Takagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Emotion Recognition in Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110294
Author(s):  
Annie Bérubé ◽  
Jessica Turgeon ◽  
Caroline Blais ◽  
Daniel Fiset
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
Meta Analyses

Child maltreatment has many well-documented lasting effects on children. Among its consequences, it affects children’s recognition of emotions. More and more studies are recognizing the lasting effect that a history of maltreatment can have on emotion recognition. A systematic literature review was conducted to better understand this relationship. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was used and four databases were searched, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and FRANCIS, using three cross-referenced key words: child abuse, emotion recognition, and adults. The search process identified 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The review highlights the wide variety of measures used to assess child maltreatment as well as the different protocols used to measure emotion recognition. The results indicate that adults with a history of childhood maltreatment show a differentiated reaction to happiness, anger, and fear. Happiness is less detected, whereas negative emotions are recognized more rapidly and at a lower intensity compared to adults not exposed to such traumatic events. Emotion recognition is also related to greater brain activation for the maltreated group. However, the results are less consistent for adults who also have a diagnosis of mental health problems. The systematic review found that maltreatment affects the perception of emotions expressed on both adult and child faces. However, more research is needed to better understand how a history of maltreatment is related to adults’ perception of children’s emotions.

The Role of Maternal Self-efficacy in the Link Between Childhood Maltreatment and Maternal Stress During Transition to Motherhood

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110428
Author(s):  
Gabriella Bentley ◽  
Osnat Zamir
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Transition To Motherhood ◽  
History Of

The transition to motherhood is a significant developmental milestone in many women’s lives. This transitional period may be more stressful for women with a history of childhood maltreatment (CM) than for women without such a history. This study tested whether parental self-efficacy (PSE) accounts for the link between CM and parental stress in mothers transitioning to motherhood. The study used a convenience sample of 1,306 first-time mothers of children aged two years or younger. Mothers filled out online self-report questionnaires assessing history of CM, PSE, and prenatal stress. Consistent with the hypotheses, exposure to CM was directly associated with greater parental stress. Also, PSE partially mediated the associations between CM and parental stress, such that mothers with a history of childhood abuse reported a lower level of PSE, which in turn was associated with greater parental stress. In conclusion, the study highlights the important role of negative cognitions related to parenting for maternal dysfunction following exposure to childhood abuse. These findings suggest a need to incorporate preventive interventions designed to promote PSE for mothers exposed to CM. Such programs may alleviate parental stress and further support the healthy development of the child.

scholarly journals What influences diet quality in older people? A qualitative study among community-dwelling older adults from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, UK

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 2685-2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse Bloom ◽  
Wendy Lawrence ◽  
Mary Barker ◽  
Janis Baird ◽  
Elaine Dennison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hertfordshire Cohort Study ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractObjectiveTo explore influences on diet in a group of community-dwelling older adults in the UK.DesignData were collected through focus group discussions with older people; discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and transcripts analysed thematically.SettingHertfordshire, UK.SubjectsParticipants were sampled purposively from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, focusing on those whose diets had been assessed at two time points: 1998–2001 and 2011.ResultsNinety-two adults participated (47 % women; 74–83 years) and eleven focus groups were held. A number of age-related factors were identified that were linked to food choices, including lifelong food experiences, retirement, bereavement and medical conditions, as well as environmental factors (such as transport). There appeared to be variability in how individuals responded to these influences, indicating that other underlying factors may mediate the effects of age-related factors on diet. Discussions about ‘keeping going’, being motivated to ‘not give up’, not wanting to be perceived as ‘old’, as well as examples of resilience and coping strategies, suggest the importance of mediating psychological factors. In addition, discussion about social activities and isolation, community spirit and loneliness, indicated the importance of social engagement as an influence on diet.ConclusionsInterventions to promote healthier diets in older age should take account of underlying psychological and social factors that influence diet, which may mediate the effects of age-related factors.

History of Childhood Maltreatment Questionnaire

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Yarkovsky ◽  
Patti A. Timmons Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of

Childhood trauma and being at-risk for psychosis are associated with higher peripheral endocannabinoids

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1862-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Appiah-Kusi ◽  
R. Wilson ◽  
M. Colizzi ◽  
E. Foglia ◽  
E. Klamerus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

AbstractBackgroundEvidence has been accumulating regarding alterations in components of the endocannabinoid system in patients with psychosis. Of all the putative risk factors associated with psychosis, being at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) has the strongest association with the onset of psychosis, and exposure to childhood trauma has been linked to an increased risk of development of psychotic disorder. We aimed to investigate whether being at-risk for psychosis and exposure to childhood trauma were associated with altered endocannabinoid levels.MethodWe compared 33 CHR participants with 58 healthy controls (HC) and collected information about previous exposure to childhood trauma as well as plasma samples to analyse endocannabinoid levels.ResultsIndividuals with both CHR and experience of childhood trauma had higher N-palmitoylethanolamine (p < 0.001) and anandamide (p < 0.001) levels in peripheral blood compared to HC and those with no childhood trauma. There was also a significant correlation between N-palmitoylethanolamine levels and symptoms as well as childhood trauma.ConclusionsOur results suggest an association between CHR and/or childhood maltreatment and elevated endocannabinoid levels in peripheral blood, with a greater alteration in those with both CHR status and history of childhood maltreatment compared to those with either of those risks alone. Furthermore, endocannabinoid levels increased linearly with the number of risk factors and elevated endocannabinoid levels correlated with the severity of CHR symptoms and extent of childhood maltreatment. Further studies in larger cohorts, employing longitudinal designs are needed to confirm these findings and delineate the precise role of endocannabinoid alterations in the pathophysiology of psychosis.

scholarly journals Aging, Resistance Training, and Diabetes Prevention

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle D. Flack ◽  
Kevin P. Davy ◽  
Matthew W. Hulver ◽  
Richard A. Winett ◽  
Madlyn I. Frisard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

With the aging of the baby-boom generation and increases in life expectancy, the American population is growing older. Aging is associated with adverse changes in glucose tolerance and increased risk of diabetes; the increasing prevalence of diabetes among older adults suggests a clear need for effective diabetes prevention approaches for this population. The purpose of paper is to review what is known about changes in glucose tolerance with advancing age and the potential utility of resistance training (RT) as an intervention to prevent diabetes among middle-aged and older adults. Age-related factors contributing to glucose intolerance, which may be improved with RT, include improvements in insulin signaling defects, reductions in tumor necrosis factor-α, increases in adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations, and reductions in total and abdominal visceral fat. Current RT recommendations and future areas for investigation are presented.

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