Le povertŕ delle classi medie e dei "ceti popolari"

2009 ◽  
pp. 25-52
Author(s):  
Remo Siza
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Dynamic Approach ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
Social Area

- Several studies carried out using a dynamic approach show that poverty, although at different degrees of intensity and duration, is no longer an issue concerning only a defined portion of the population living in typically disadvantaged circumstances (e.g. in deprived areas), but is increasingly affecting other social classes that would normally benefit from adequate living conditions, including the growing poorer middle class and those with insecure or low paid jobs. We are not just referring to socially isolated groups of people, but to an intermediate heterogeneous social area, a dissimilar aggregate of individuals experiencing different trajectories of social mobility: members of the impoverished middle class, low income families reduced to poverty by different life events, people with unstable jobs and inadequate family and social support. Although with a different background, they have in common a more lasting precarious condition and a higher risk of poverty compared to other members of the middle class who can rely on better incomes and stronger social support and to the wealthier social classes. These social groups share, at least for a short period of their life, very difficult living conditions potentially affecting several aspects of their existence and limited resources to rely upon to sustain their life projects.

scholarly journals Improvement of the targeted social support of low-income families with children: Vologda Pilot Project

POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-121
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Bobkov
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Guaranteed Minimum Income

The article deals with the theoretical, methodical and practical principles of forming a new model of targeted social support of low-income families with children on the basis of guaranteed minimum income. Approbation of the new approaches to targeted social support of low-income families with children was implemented in Vologda oblast. The target representative sample was 70 families. It has been found out that after the targeted social support under the current legislation (lump-sum payments excluded), basic income in these families averaged 35.3 per cent of the differentiated equivalent subsistence minimum, thus being evidence of the inefficient state social assistance. The author has substantiated introducing additional monthly targeted social payments to parents besides the set regular payments (additional family poverty benefit) that will enable families to improve their economic sustainability. He substantiated a number of threshold values of the guaranteed minimum income that would ensure current consumption ranging from the cost food basket up to the size of the differentiated equivalent living standards of families, depending on the financial capacity of the regional budget. The guaranteed minimum income of low-income families with children averaged 54.6 per cent of the regional differentiated equivalent subsistence minimum. There have been developed methodical recommendations for identifying untapped socio-economic potential of families as a source of raising income from employment, as well as criteria for removal of families from the recipients of targeted social assistance in the form of cash benefits. Proposals on correcting the current legislation on the state social support have been formulated.

scholarly journals Brazilian new middle class stratagem: dialectics of consumption and renewal of the overexploitation of labor

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (88) ◽  
pp. 72-95
Author(s):  
Paulo Ricardo Zilio Abdala ◽  
Maria Ceci Misoczky
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Social Consensus ◽  
Class Theory ◽  
Stratification Theory ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
New Middle Class ◽  
The Social

Abstract The argument of this essay is that the ideia of emergence of a new Brazilian middle class was a stratagem adopted to create a positive agenda with transitory social consensus. In order to develop it, we return to the social class theory to discuss the stratification theory, which is the methodological and theoretical support of the so called new middle class. In addition to that, another possibility of analysis is presented, based on the theoretical propositions by Alvaro Vieira Pinto and Ruy Mauro Marini, two authors from the Brazilian social thought, articulating consumption, social classes, work and production as inseparable relationships, part of dependent capitalism contradictions. From these authors´ perspective, it was possible to understand that the expansion of consumption, basis for the new middle class stratagem, temporarily improved the living conditions of people at the expense of deepening the overexploitation of labor, reproducing the development of dependency.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION IN RUSSIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Сулейманова ◽  
Lyudmila Suleymanova ◽  
Глаголев ◽  
Evgeniy Glagolev ◽  
Марушко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Housing Problem ◽  
Low Income Families

Social and economic reforms, occurring in Russian Federation, radically changed approaches to solving the housing problem, economic and organizational basis for housing and communal services. Long-term work on the formation of legal and economic conditions of transition to market methods of regulation and also the realization of targeted programs gave certain results housing construction: increase the volume of living spaces, improvement of living conditions of citizens, affordability of housing for low-income families.

scholarly journals Inequalities in Old Age

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex Taylor ◽  
Graeme Ford
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Elderly Males

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the distribution of personal resources - financial, social, health and psychological - between age cohorts, sex groups and social classes in a random sample of community elderly. As expected, the young elderly, males and those from middle-class backgrounds have a disproportionate share of three out of four of these resources, but for social support the balance of advantage is reversed. When age, sex and class are combined to yield eight subgroups, younger working-class males consistently rank high on all resources and older working-class females consistently rank low. Older middle-class females rank low on all resources other than on close friends.

The Micro Dynamics of Support Seeking

2013 ◽  
Vol 647 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Watkins-Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Previous literature suggests that AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) play an important support role in the lives of impoverished women living with HIV. Less is known about the dynamics of institutional support for middle-class women living with HIV/AIDS, who are assumed to possess a broader base of resources to address their diagnosis. Using qualitative data collected from a racially and economically diverse group of HIV-positive women in Chicago, this article compares how low-income and middle-class women utilize ASOs and reveals how the women’s divergent approaches to availing themselves of institutional resources have important implications for their social and economic coping. For example, associating with ASOs can be status-improving for impoverished women and status-diminishing for middle-class women. As a result, middle-class women report a less robust network of social service providers and people living with HIV/AIDS on whom they rely for HIV-related information and social support, making them vulnerable to HIV-specific social isolation. In sum, the ways that HIV-positive women deploy institutional ties to negotiate their HIV/AIDS status differs markedly depending on socioeconomic status, suggesting that the role of class in gathering social support may be more complex than previously understood.

The Role of Social Support Networks in Helping Low Income Families through Uncertain Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Hill ◽  
Donald Hirsch ◽  
Abigail Davis
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Social Support Networks ◽  
State Support ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
Low Income Families

In times of labour market insecurity and retrenchment of state support, low income families rely on friends and relatives as a safety net. This article explores the enhanced role of this ‘third source of welfare’ in light of these developments. It draws on qualitative longitudinal research to demonstrate how families’ situations fluctuate over two years and the importance of social support networks in hard times and periods of crisis. The research illustrates how social support is not necessarily a stable structure that families facing insecurity can fall back on, but rather a variable resource, and fluid over time, as those who provide such support experience changing capabilities and needs. A policy challenge is to help reinforce and not undermine the conditions that enable valuable social support to be offered and sustained, while ensuring sufficient reliable state support to avoid families having no choice but to depend on this potentially fragile resource as a safety net.

Conclusion

2016 ◽  
pp. 202-216
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Randles
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Relationship Education ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parents Experiences

In this concluding chapter, I describe the benefits and limitations of healthy marriage programs for low-income families. Publicly sponsored relationship education could be a valuable social service in a highly unequal society where stable, happy marriages are increasingly becoming a privilege of the most economically advantaged couples. The classes I studied focused on teaching low-income couples to emulate the relationship experiences and behaviors more typical of middle-class couples. Low-income parents’ experiences suggest that relationship policies would be more useful if they addressed the economic stresses that take an emotional toll on romantic relationships and less on promoting the dubious message that marriage improves the economic circumstances of poor families. In highlighting their perspectives, this book makes a case for relationship policies and programs that reflect how intimate inequalities lead to curtailed commitments.

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