scholarly journals ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF IMPROVING THE CLASSIFICATION OF ENTERPRISE COSTS BY ECONOMIC ELEMENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Andriienko ◽  
Viktoriia Davydiuk
Keyword(s):  
Cost Structure ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Factors Of Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

The article is devoted to the specification of areas and features of improving the classification of costs of the enterprise by elements, in order to successfully manage them. The study was considered on the example of both Ukrainian and Iraqi enterprises, as this classification differs slightly at these enterprises. But it is clarified that differences in the classification of costs by elements may exist not only for different countries, but also due to different opinions of scientists. Questions on production costs in various aspects were dealt with by such domestic and foreign scientists as: F. Butynets, V. Kozak, V. Lastovetsky, O. Moshkovskaya, M. Skrypnyk, O. Grishnova, A. Turilo, Y. Kravchuk and others. It has been found that the issue of classification of costs by elements has recently lost some popularity among Ukrainian economists. There is a fairly large number of criteria for classifying costs, which indicates the importance of information about this object in different views for management purposes. It is specified that the main factors of production (activity), ie the monetary expression of the expenditure of these factors, should be considered as the basis for the classification of costs by elements. The necessity of flexible change of classification of expenses on elements depending on evolution of change in quantity of the used factors and cost structure of expenses for their attraction is substantiated. It is proposed to divide the costs into constants and variables within each item according to the element classification. This logic of cost classification will clarify the cost structure, make it more convenient for management purposes (analysis, rationing, pricing, budgeting). It was found that the costs of the proposed elements will differ in terms of dominance of fixed or variable components. It is proposed in further explorations in this direction to clarify the possibilities of further classification of costs within each element. The generally approved forms of statistical reporting should change over time to describe more objectively what is happening at most enterprises in the country. However, the change of these forms will always be slower than required by the actual circumstances and changes in existing enterprises.

scholarly journals Florida Strawberry Production Costs and Trends

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Zhengfei Guan ◽  
Feng Wu ◽  
Alicia J. Whidden
Keyword(s):  
Resource Economics ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Economics Department ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

To help growers and policy makers understand how and why strawberry production costs have changed over time, this 5-page fact sheet written by Zhengfei Guan, Feng Wu, and Alicia Whidden and published by the UF/IFAS Food and Resource Economics Department presents cost information collected over a five-year period, analysis of the cost structure of Florida strawberries, and an examination of the trend of changing costs along with the factors underlying the trend. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe1013

The cost of homelessness: Assessing change over time

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Spano ◽  
P. Toro ◽  
M. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Change Over Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

Improving management as a way to increase labour productivity

Upravlenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
A. O. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Moment

The article gives an overview, performs analysis and classification of successful managerial practices applied at Russian industrial enterprises in the framework of the national project “Labour productivity and employment support”. The paper emphasizes the main factors of labour productivity growth as follows: investment policy, growth of human capital, and efficient use of managerial capital of enterprise. In order to determine the need of enterprises to increase labour productivity, the author proposes four universal criteria that signal the existing inefficiency even before the loss of competitiveness: 1) the dynamics of labour productivity in the company is not positive during a given period; 2) the company is behind competitors by labour productivity indicator; 3) the company is behind competitors by labour productivity growth rates indicator for a certain period; 4) unit production costs rise. These criteria allow you to take into account the situation both within the enterprise and in comparison with other enterprises. Each criteria can be considered separately or in combination with the others, applied to enterprises of different industries, specialization, and scale. Criteria indicate the direction of development in which the company is experiencing difficulties at the moment, or may experience them in the future.

Formation of the cost structure for bakery products in the format of economic cooperation with partners

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
L. Golovina ◽  
E. Yurkov
Keyword(s):  
Cost Structure ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Baking Industry

The article examines important problematic issues of domestic bakery production. On the example of one of the bakeries of the Orel region, the changes in the list of production costs for the production of white bread for the period 1999-2019 are analyzed. The article discusses the benefits for the baking industry of canceling the return of unrealized bread from commercial enterprises. The reasons for the deterioration of the quality of wheat flour and white bread in the country's retail chains are considered. The problem of increasing the profitability of bakery production due to changes in the pricing policy is touched upon. The conditions for improving the financial condition of bakery enterprises, as well as the possibility of attracting investment in the industry, are considered.

scholarly journals Market Structure And Banking Production Economies: Evidence From The 1980s Deregulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Rasoul Rezvanian ◽  
Nanda Rangan ◽  
Richard Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Economies Of Scope ◽  
Translog Cost Function ◽  
Production Economies ◽  
Cost Curves ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

This study examines the changes in the cost structure of banking firms using data from pre and post deregulation periods. A translog cost function is utilized for the analyses of economies of scale and scope. The results indicate that the average cost curves, although U-shaped flattened over time, resulting in an increase in optimal bank size. Economies of scope that existed prior to deregulation appears to be exhausted in a more nonconstrained environment.

COST EFFECTIVENESS ON FARMS IN POLAND COMPARED TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

2021 ◽  
Vol XIII (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gałecka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Milk Cows ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
The Cost

The aim of the study was to assess the cost effectiveness of farms in Poland compared to the European Union, depending on the type of farming. The value and cost structure of the studied farms were determined and the cost-production relation was assessed. The research covered farms participating in the FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) European system for collecting accountancy data from farms. As a part of the main objective, an analysis of the structure and dynamics of costs of the researched farms and the cost-production relationship were assessed. The research period covered the years 2013-2018. On the basis of the conducted research, a high cost burden on production was found both in Poland and the entire EU. In the cost structure, direct costs had the largest share, which were particularly important in farms focused on animal production. There was a differentiation in both the cost structure and cost effectiveness depending on the type of farming. The highest production costs were characteristic for farms of the agricultural type – other grazing livestock, and the lowest for farms specialized in horticultural crops and breeding milk cows. In 2018, compared to 2013, there was an increase in the cost effectiveness of Polish farm production, while a slight decrease in the EU average. The increase in costs and the increase in the cost effectiveness of Polish farm production testifies to a general increase in the prices of production factors used in agricultural production and a decrease in cost competitiveness on the European market.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DETERMINASI BIAYA PRODUKSI DENGAN PENDEKATAN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING SYSTEM (ABC SYSTEM) (STUDI KASUS DI UD. PRIMA BHAKTI KARAWANG)

BUANA ILMU ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Suhara ◽  
Bona Herman Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Cost Drivers ◽  
System Method ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
High Production ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
Costing System ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT UD. Prima Bhakti is a food industry that is engaged in processing cassava into cassava chips which are located at Jalan Kemuning, Karangligar Village, West Telukjambe District, Karawang District, West Java. This factory experienced problems in the system of controlling high production costs which impacted on rising selling prices. The occurrence of production costs swelling due to the lack of good cost management. The costing used by the company is currently based on past cost data which is then made an estimated cost that will occur. From the above problems carried out a study of the design of the cost of production through the approach of Activity Based Costing (ABC). Activity Based Costing method is a method of calculating costs that imposes first costs on activities, then on products based on the use of activity by each product. Activity Based Costing System method identifies the activities carried out, tracing the costs to these activities and then using various cost drivers to trace costs, activities to cost objects. Key words: Cassava chips, cost of production, activity based costing ABSTRAK UD. Prima Bhakti merupakan industri makanan yang bergerak di bidang pengolahan singkong menjadi keripik singkong yang beralamat di Jalan Kemuning Desa Karangligar Kecamatan Telukjambe Barat Kabupaten Karawang Jawa Barat. Pabrik ini mengalami permasalahan pada sistem pengendalian biaya produksi yang tinggi yang berimbas pada naiknya harga jual. Terjadinya pembengkakan biaya produksi dikarenakan belum adanya manajemen biaya yang baik. Penetapan biaya yang dipakai perusahaan saat ini didasarkan pada data biaya masa lalu yang kemudian dibuat taksiran biaya yang akan terjadi. Dari permasalahan di atas dilakukan suatu penelitian mengenai rancangan harga pokok produksi melalui pendekatan Activity Based Costing (ABC). Metode Activity Based Costing adalah metode kalkulasi biaya yang membebankan biaya pertama-tama pada aktivitas, lalu pada produk berdasarkan penggunaan aktivitas oleh setiap produk. Metode Activity Based Costing System mengidentifikasikan aktivitas yang dilaksanakan, menelusuri biaya keaktivatas tersebut dan kemudian menggunakan berbagai pemicu biaya (cost drivers) untuk menelusuri biaya, aktivitas ke objek biaya. Kata kunci : Keripik singkong, harga pokok produksi, activity based costing

scholarly journals Management of Energy Recourses, Marginal Input- Output Coefficients, and Layers of Techniques: A Case Study of US Chemical Industry

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4II) ◽  
pp. 517-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toseef Azid ◽  
Mumtaz Anwar ◽  
M. Junaid Khawaja
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Price Structure ◽  
Fixed Price ◽  
Current Price ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

The embodied technical change should reduce the cost of production of the commodity. However, price structure, wages and interest rates also will change over time. Thus if a commodity is following a fixed price regime, the adjustment of a historical input-output table to current price wage level will leaves less and less profit per unit of output. The extent of this reduction will indicate the extent of technological change. There are different approaches to the prediction of changes in input-output coefficients. The first approach, attributable to Leontief (1941) and Stone (1962), assumes that input-output matrices change over time in a “biproportional” way. The other approach is to estimate trends in individual coefficients using statistical data. Former approach is used by a number of experts, including Fontela, et al. (1970), Almon, et al. (1974) and Carter (1970). Arrow and Hoffenberg (1959), Henry (1974), Savaldson (1970, 1976), Ozaki (1976), Aujac (1972) and Buzunov (1970). These are examples of the application of the quantitative approach for forecasting input-output coefficients. Still another approach which could not get much attention for forecasting input-output coefficients, is constructing the marginal input-output coefficients [Tilanus (1967); Middelhoek (1970)]. Marginal coefficients for forecasting constructed by Tilanus and Middelhoek are based on average input-output tables, which shows that still new approach (marginal) is based on the old (average) one

Сhanging Energy and Exergy Comfort Level after School Thermomodernization

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 458-469
Author(s):  
Nadia Buyak ◽  
Valeriy Deshko ◽  
Inna Bilous
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
After School ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

Increasing the level of thermal resistance of the building envelope in combination with the choice of heat source is an urgent task. It is important to take into account changes in the cost of energy over time. Thermal modernization, in its turn, allows to increase the level of thermal comfort, which is not taken into account and evaluated in practice, although the relevant standards for comfort conditions and categories of buildings to ensure comfort have been introduced in Ukraine. This paper analyzes the change in the level of comfort after thermal modernization, determines the category of the building to provide comfortable conditions, as well as identifies the change in the average radiation temperature of the fences, as one of the main factors of PMV change in these conditions.

Classification of costs for management reporting formation in gas producing companies

10.12737/1318 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Горобец ◽  
Olga Gorobets
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Effective Cost ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Cost

Nowadays Russia is on the first place in the world in terms of proven gas reserves. The gas industry has played a strategic role in the economy of our country, and including in the agricultural economy. For the preparation of the information, required for decision- making, you must correctly classification of expenses, which largely depends on the production and management of an organization. The main feature of the gas as compared with the production of solid minerals, is that the gas remains concealed in sealed structures at all stages - after removal from the reservoir to the moment when the consumer enters. All costs of gas companies , like any other organization , are necessary to structure an orderly manner . The standard classification of costs does not exist yet . In order to effectively manage costs OAO “Gazprom” encourages its subsidiaries provide the following types of costs: semi-variable and fixed costs; relevant and irrelevant costs; regulated and non-regulated costs [5]. In our opinion, the above-described classification is the most convenient for the gas-producing organizations. Thus, the analysis can be concluded, that gas production costs of organizations differs in their variety and it requires different methods for management. However, the correct application of the classification of costs will not only determine the degree of influence on the outcome of certain costs of the organization, but also relate to the production costs only those costs, that are necessary for its production and sales. This, in turn, will affect the cost of other organizations, including agricultural companies. The proper use of the classification of expenses is the first step towards effective cost management.

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