Coffee Agroecosystem in Mexico: Productive Culture between Tradition and Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Rosales-Martínez ◽  
Juan Pablo Martínez-Dávila ◽  
Lorena Casanova-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Coffee Agroecosystems

Objective: Understand the productive cultural dynamics that underlies coffee agroecosystems in the Sustainable Rural Development District 005 Fortín, Veracruz, Mexico. Methodology: A survey was applied designed with open and closed questions. Data sets were subjected to analysis of variance, Tukey tests and frequency tables. Results: The coffee agroecosystems in Mexico are complex systems that underlie a particular cultural dynamic expressing a way of conceiving the world, that influences not only on their life, but also on the reproduction of certain management practices whose logic goes beyond economics. The coffee activity is carried out largely by tradition (39 %), characterized by shade-grown Coffea arabica agroecosystems (100 %), with yields lower than 5.87 t ha-1. Limitations of the study/Implications: This is a case study in a specific area of the state of Veracruz, and the results express a local reality. Findings: Producers perform up to four extra-farm economic activities to supplement their family income; paradoxically, this has served as the basis to keep carrying out the coffee activity, thus reducing their economic vulnerability and facilitating the continuity of their production methods and livelihood.

Sustainable Development as a Management Challenge

2018 ◽  
pp. 92-117
Author(s):  
Kaisa Sorsa
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Social Challenge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
Social Management ◽  
Management Challenge

Quality management is core area of every company. Sustainable development has become another core issue for the companies encompassing ecological, economic, and social issues. Companies need to decide how sustainable development can be managed in order to achieve both organizational and global sustainability. The aim of the case study is to discuss how sustainability is being incorporated into company management practices in the Finnish coffee company. It also aims to deepen the understanding about the implementation of sustainable development management practices in companies. The ecological challenge consists in reducing the burden that economic activities place on ecosystems directly and indirectly. The successful management improves the company's ecological effectiveness. The social challenge improves the business task of improving the sum of its social impacts. Economic challenge is composed in increasing eco-efficiency and improving social efficiency. There is a need for methodological integration of environmental and social management with their concepts and instruments in conventional, economically oriented management.

The Role Of Papuan Women Trader In Increasing Family Income In Traditional Market Of West Papua Province

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selmi Dedi
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Family ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Traditional Market

<p>The aim of the research is to determine the role of Papuan women in raising family income in the traditional market. This research was conducted in traditional markets in West Papua Province with 100 Papuan women as the object of the research. The data was collected using a depth interview and direct observation in some social economic activities at the sites. Afterward, the data were analyzed using qualitative methods with case study approach outlined thematically. The result of the research has shown that the role of Papuan women as traders is extremely crucial in raising the level of family income. Their involvement in economic activities in an informal sector (trading) is largely motivated by family economic necessities, wanting to help their husband, paying children’s tuition, a limited and inconsistent employment and income of their husband, the number of dependents in the family, and a limited level of education and skill.  </p>

The Calculation of Turbulent Diffusion Coefficients in Aquatic Ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 3903-3907
Author(s):  
Galina Marusic ◽  
Valeriu Panaitescu
Keyword(s):  
Transport Equation ◽  
Turbulent Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The Right ◽  
Prut River

The paper deals with the issues related to the pollution of aquatic ecosystems. The influence of turbulence on the transport and dispersion of pollutants in the mentioned systems, as well as the calculation of the turbulent diffusion coefficients are studied. A case study on the determination of turbulent diffusion coefficients for some sectors of the Prut River is presented. A new method is proposed for the determination of the turbulent diffusion coefficients in the pollutant transport equation for specific sectors of a river, according to the associated number of P�clet, calculated for each specific area: the left bank, the right bank and the middle of the river.

scholarly journals Segment-Based Approach for Assessing Hazard Risk of Coastal Highways in Hawai‘i

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison Togia ◽  
Oceana P. Francis ◽  
Karl Kim ◽  
Guohui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
System Data ◽  
Rural Highway ◽  
Geographic Information System Data

Hazards to roadways and travelers can be drastically different because hazards are largely dependent on the regional environment and climate. This paper describes the development of a qualitative method for assessing infrastructure importance and hazard exposure for rural highway segments in Hawai‘i under different conditions. Multiple indicators of roadway importance are considered, including traffic volume, population served, accessibility, connectivity, reliability, land use, and roadway connection to critical infrastructures, such as hospitals and police stations. The method of evaluating roadway hazards and importance can be tailored to fit different regional hazard scenarios. It assimilates data from diverse sources to estimate risks of disruption. A case study for Highway HI83 in Hawai‘i, which is exposed to multiple hazards, is conducted. Weakening of the road by coastal erosion, inundation from sea level rise, and rockfall hazards require adaptation solutions. By analyzing the risk of disruption to highway segments, adaptation approaches can be prioritized. Using readily available geographic information system data sets for the exposure and impacts of potential hazards, this method could be adapted not only for emergency management but also for planning, design, and engineering of resilient highways.

Tax Amnesties in Tax Reform Policy: A Case Study from Pakistan and Lessons for Developing Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-71
Author(s):  
Bahawal Shahryar
Keyword(s):  
Tax Reform ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Reform Policy ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Amnesty ◽  
Targeted Enforcement ◽  
Underground Economies

Abstract An optimally designed tax amnesty scheme can serve as a strategic component in a larger tax reform process. Such a reform can particularly assist in the tax collection efforts of developing economies like Pakistan. Pakistan’s tax amnesty schemes in 2018 and 2019 helped grow the tax base substantially. India’s and Indonesia’s schemes in 2016 also showed promise. My study compares the recent tax amnesties adopted by these three countries (Pakistan, India and Indonesia). Based on these experiences, I propose improvements in the composition of Pakistan’s tax amnesty design. An optimal tax policy cannot rely only on wide-spread enforcement, particularly in countries with large underground economies--like Pakistan, India and Indonesia. Instead, it should focus more on the optimal amnesty design alongside targeted enforcement efforts, aimed especially at documenting and taxing large underground economic activities.

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