scholarly journals The Relevancy of the ‘Guanxi ‘and ‘Xinyong’ Concepts in Chinese Business Capitalization in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fajar Ikhsan ◽  
Ahmad Bashawir Abdul Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Subhan
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Political Connection ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Library Research

The concepts of ‘guanxi’ (relationships and networking) and ‘xinyong’ (interpersonal trust) in Chinese traditional ethics are often studied as the key factors that contribute to the pattern and succession of the ethnic Chinese in business practices which are based on the cultural approach. In the context of Southeast Asia such as in Indonesia, Malaysia, The Philippines, the ethnic Chinese are one of the minority groups whose profession is dominantly that of a businessman or an entrepreneur. As stated in the literature, even though the ethnic Chinese are classified as a minority group in those countries, some of the Chinese capitalist groups had controlled 70-80% of the private business sector. However, these two traditional concepts are not the only main factors of the Chinese business success, but the ‘irregular’ business pattern such as the patronage relationship with political elites also becomes the most important criteria. Hence, this study needed to re-examine and clarify whether the implementation of the guanxi and xinyong concepts in Chinese business activities are still relevant in their business practice due to the political connection in the Chinese business succession also being a dominant variable. This study was based on a fieldwork conducted in Indonesia especially in Medan City of Indonesia and used the descriptive qualitative method through interviews and library research. This aim of this study were three fold: the first was to discuss the relevance of the guanxi and xinyong concept in Chinese business practices, the second was to discuss whether the Chinese business practices were more influenced by a formal community organization or rather influenced by an informal network among Chinese businessmen through guanxi and xinyong bases, third, this study also discussed the challenges faced by the Chinese in attempting their business interests.  

scholarly journals The Anthropology of Chinese Capitalism in Southeast Asia: From Culture to Institution?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiel Verver ◽  
Heidi Dahles
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Ethnic Affiliation ◽  
Chinese Capitalism

This article outlines the contours of the scholarly debate on ‘Chinese capitalism’ in Southeast Asia. This multidisciplinary domain is business- and entrepreneurship-oriented, and concerns the ethnic Chinese who have migrated from Southern China to Southeast Asia and have come to play a dominant role in the region’s economies over the centuries. The debate revolves around the competing assumptions that ethnic Chinese business success in Southeast Asia relies either on ethnic affiliation and shared cultural values, or on strategic deployment of resources, power relations and institutional co-optation. We distinguish four perspectives on ‘Chinese capitalism’, and argue that the concept of culture holds the debate hostage in the divide between essentialism and anti-essentialism. The promise of an ‘anthropology of Chinese capitalism’ resides in matters of perspective, therefore, rather than in the theoretical concept of culture itself. We advocate a liaison amoureuse between business anthropology and institutional theory.

Local Ethnic Chinese Business

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Wu-Ling Chong
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Ethnic Chinese ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Business System ◽  
Personal Interests

This chapter explores the illegal or semi-legal means Chinese Indonesian businesspeople tend to adopt to gain and protect their business and personal interests in the post-Suharto era. These business practices in turn perpetuate and reproduce the corrupt and muddy business environment, as well as the predatory political-business system. They also reproduce and reinforce stereotypes of the Chinese as wealthy, corrupt, and opportunistic, the perfect targets of extortion. Although there are also Chinese businesspeople who refuse to be victims of extortion and choose to fight against these illegal practices, such businesspeople are rare. If one wishes to see more Chinese Indonesian businesspeople who refuse to be extorted and do not get involved in illegal and semi-legal practices, a better-enforced rule of law must be in place.

Collective References and Identity Threat among Lebanese and Lebanese-Armenians in the Context of Continuous Intergroup Conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy R. Tavitian ◽  
Michael Bender ◽  
Fons J. R. Van de Vijver ◽  
Athanasios Chasiotis ◽  
Hrag A. Vosgerichian
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Identity Management ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Identity Threat ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
Identity Threats ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sectarian Group

How people deal with adversity, in terms of threats to their social or ethnic identity has been extensively investigated. However, most studies have focused on samples (e.g. minority groups) from prototypical Western contexts. It is unclear how individuals perceive and deal with identity threats within non-Western plural contexts characterized by intergroup conflict. We therefore assess whether self-affirmation by recalling a past success can buffer against identity threat in the plural, non-Western context of Lebanon. In two studies we investigate how threats are negotiated at a national (Lebanon) (Study 1) and ethnic minority (Armenian) level (Study 2). In Study 1, we show that in a context characterized by a history of intergroup conflict, a superordinate national identity is non-salient. When investigating the content of memories of a sectarian group in Study 2, we find a hypersalient and chronically accessible ethnic identity, a pattern specific to Armenian Lebanese. We suggest that this hyper-salience is employed as a spontaneous identity management strategy by a minority group coping with constant continuity threat. Our findings point to the importance of expanding the study of identity processes beyond the typically Western contexts and in turn, situating them within their larger socio-political and historical contexts.

scholarly journals Understanding and Promoting Racial Diversity in Healthcare Settings to Address Disparities in Pandemic Crisis Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110183
Author(s):  
Azza Sarfraz ◽  
Zouina Sarfraz ◽  
Alanna Barrios ◽  
Kuchalambal Agadi ◽  
Sindhu Thevuthasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Majority Group

Background: Health disparities have become apparent since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. When observing racial discrimination in healthcare, self-reported incidences, and perceptions among minority groups in the United States suggest that, the most socioeconomically underrepresented groups will suffer disproportionately in COVID-19 due to synergistic mechanisms. This study reports racially-stratified data regarding the experiences and impacts of different groups availing the healthcare system to identify disparities in outcomes of minority and majority groups in the United States. Methods: Studies were identified utilizing PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, and PsycINFO search engines without date and language restrictions. The following keywords were used: Healthcare, raci*, ethnic*, discriminant, hosti*, harass*, insur*, education, income, psychiat*, COVID-19, incidence, mortality, mechanical ventilation. Statistical analysis was conducted in Review Manager (RevMan V.5.4). Unadjusted Odds Ratios, P-values, and 95% confidence intervals were presented. Results: Discrimination in the United States is evident among racial groups regarding medical care portraying mental risk behaviors as having serious outcomes in the health of minority groups. The perceived health inequity had a low association to the majority group as compared to the minority group (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.78; P = .007), and the association of mental health problems to the Caucasian-American majority group was low (OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.58; P < .001). Conclusion: As the pandemic continues into its next stage, efforts should be taken to address the gaps in clinical training and education, and medical practice to avoid the recurring patterns of racial health disparities that become especially prominent in community health emergencies. A standardized tool to assess racial discrimination and inequity will potentially improve pandemic healthcare delivery.

Language policy and language planning in mainland Southeast Asia: Myanmar and Lisu

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
National Language ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Language Policy And Planning ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
Mainland Southeast Asia

AbstractMost nations in mainland Southeast Asia and elsewhere have one national language as a focus of national identity and unity, supported by a language policy which promotes and develops this language. Indigenous and immigrant minority groups within each nation may be marginalized; their languages may become endangered. Some of the official national language policies and ethnic policies of mainland Southeast Asian nations aim to support both a national language and indigenous minority languages, but usually the real policy is less positive. It is possible to use sociolinguistic and educational strategies to maintain the linguistic heritage and diversity of a nation, develop bilingual skills among minority groups, and integrate minorities successfully into the nations where they live, but this requires commitment and effort from the minorities themselves and from government and other authorities. The main focus of this paper is two case studies: one of language policy and planning in Myanmar, whose language policy and planning has rarely been discussed before. The other is on the Lisu, a minority group in Myanmar and surrounding countries, who have been relatively successful in maintaining their language.

Family dynamics and gender perspective influencing copreneurship practices

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Franco ◽  
Patricia Piceti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Gender

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the family dynamics factors and gender roles influencing the functioning of copreneurial business practices, to propose a conceptual framework based on these factors/roles. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, a qualitative approach was adopted, through the analysis of seven businesses created by copreneurial couples in an emerging economy – Brazil. Data were obtained from an open interview with each member of the selected couples who are in charge of firm management. Findings The empirical evidence obtained shows that the most important factors for successful copreneurial family businesses are professionalization, dividing the couple’s tasks and business management. Trust, communication, flexibility and common goals are other essential relational-based factors for the good functioning of this type of family business and stability in the personal relationship. Practical implications It is clear that professionalization and the separation of positions and functions are fundamental for a balance between business management and the couple’s marital life. When couples are in harmony and considering factors such as trust, communication and flexibility (relational-based factors), the firm’s life-cycle and business success become real and more effective. Originality/value From the family dynamics factors and gender roles, this study focused on one of the most important and integrated family firm relationships, copreneurial couples. As there is little research on the heterogeneity of family firms runs specifically by copreneurial couples, this study is particularly important and innovative in the context of a developing economy, such as Brazil. Based on empirical evidence, this study was proposed an integrative and holistic framework that shows the functioning of copreneurial businesses practices.

scholarly journals GREEN MARKETING: STRATEGY FOR GAINING SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN INDUSTRY 4.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ika Purwanti ◽  
Muhammad Dzikri Abadi ◽  
Umar Yeni Suyanto
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Green Marketing ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Definition Of

This study would like to explains conceptual green marketing and its role as a source sustainable competitive advantage in industrial revolution 4.0. The environmental issue is a sizzling topic nowadays as almost every country’s government and society has started to be more aware of these issues. Plus, there is currently a phenomenon of industrial revolution 4.0 which demands business practices to be more consumer-oriented. Public concern over environmental damage has made marketers know the needs and value of environmentally friendly marketing, namely green marketing. which is a new strength to create a sustainable competitive advantage. This study is a library research gathering and analyzing information from related references and theories, which have become the basic foundation and sources in analyzing problems in this research. This study seeks to offer Green Marketing ideas as the latest approach in dealing with various business threats. The results show that green marketing able to encourage companies to prepare themselves faster and better, the definition of green marketing has changed over time according to the growing relevance of environmental sustainability. 

scholarly journals Problematika Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Di Bidang Merek Bagi Pelaku Usaha Mikro Kecil Menegah

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Zulfikri Toguan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Trademark Registration ◽  
The Government

Legal protection for a mark of a place or origin of MSMEs can be done by first registering the mark to obtain legal force. In this case the Office/Agency/Community Organization assists by facilitating MSMEs in terms of socialization and assistance for trademark registration. Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Marks and Geographical Indications provides improvements to previous laws, especially regarding preventive protection measures, namely registration procedures and registration fees. Brands produced by Indonesian MSMEs can help increase competitiveness in the development of new products. This research is normative or library research method, namely legal research carried out by reviewing and researching library materials in the form of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. This study concludes: First, the problems in the protection of intellectual property rights in the field of branding for MSME products are due to the understanding of MSME actors on brand rights is still low/shallow so that MSME actors do not register the brand of MSME products. Second, efforts to provide brand protection to the MSME industry are by registering MSME brands and the government makes it easy for MSME industry players to register trademarks.

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