scholarly journals RECOMMENDED TABLE GRAPEVINE VARIETIES OF PRIVATE BREEDING

Russian vine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
S.I. Krasokhina ◽  

The development of the table grapes market is directly related to the renewal of the assort-ment and technological modernization of pro-duction, taking into account the growing re-quirements of consumers. Equally important is the discrepancy between the tastes of con-sumers of fresh grapes and the quality indica-tors of the grapes supplied by the industry, therefore, an important task is to improve the assortment. Recently, a large number of pri-vate breeders have joined the breeding work on the breeding of table varieties, the results of whose work often have no scientific as-sessment. The article presents the results of a variety study of five selected promising table hybrid forms of grapes obtained by amateur winegrowers. Variety studies were conducted in 2018–2020 at the experimental vineyard of the experimental field All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific In-stitution «FRARC». The methods used for the assessment were generally accepted in vit-iculture. Vineyards grafted, covering, non-irrigated, planting scheme 3×1.5 m. The agro-biological characteristics are given, the yield is estimated, the uvological, tasting and eco-nomic assessment of hybrid forms is given. The studied varieties have desirable character-istics: high quality, attractive appearance, large and very large bunches and berries, dense pulp consistency, different tastes, bright color of berries.

Russian vine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
S.I. Krasokhina ◽  

The most promising way to reduce the need for fungicides in viticulture is the use of re-sistant cultivars. In this regard, an urgent task is the selection of table grape varieties with increased resistance to diseases and frost in combination with high marketability and taste. The article discusses the results of a fif-teen-year study of the promising table variety Aladdin. The variety is interspecific hybrid obtained from a saturating crossing Vostorg krasnyy × Vostorg muskatniy at All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Wine-making– Branch of Federal State Budget Sci-entific Institution «FRARC». The Aladdin variety was compared with the regionalized table variety Vostorg, which is also the paren-tal form in the second generation. The viticul-ture is not irrigated, grafted, not covered, the training is fan type on trunk, the planting scheme is 3 × 1.5 m. In the variety study, the methods generally accepted in viticulture and the standard technology of cultivation of vineyards were used. The Aladdin variety is distinguished by an early ripening period, large berries, medium-sized bunches, firm pulp, attractive berry color, light muscat aro-ma. The variety has a proven genetic high re-sistance to powdery mildew and mildew, high frost resistance is confirmed by the data of agrobiological records. According to the total-ity of economically valuable traits, resistance to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmen-tal factors, the Aladdin variety can be recom-mended for transfer to the State variety test-ing of the Russian Federation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 204 (01) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Irina Velikanova

Abstract. The article discusses the issues of the efficiency of using a system of machines for growing fiber flax using intensive technology. Attention is focused on the need to form highly mechanized, automated and robotic systems of machines adapted to the specific conditions of farms to minimize labor costs. The purpose of this study is to correct the assessment of the efficiency of the machine system when using new technical means using a universal methodology for calculating the costs of performing technological operations in the cultivation of fiber flax. Methodology and methods: the research used methods of comparative, abstract-logical, functional-cost analysis, and expert evaluation. In the course of the research, we relied on the methodological approaches of leading scientists engaged in the study and development of a system of machines and technologies for complex mechanization of crop production, as well as domestic and foreign scientists who addressed the problems of technical and technological modernization of the flax subcomplex. The leading scientists of the Federal State Budget Research Institution “Federal Research Center of Bast Fiber Crops” (CBFC) in the field of mechanization and agricultural technologies for the cultivation of fiber flax, as well as in the field of improving the efficiency of flax production. Also, the paper presented for the first time a methodology for calculating the costs of performing technological operations in the cultivation of fiber flax, proposed by the doctor of economic sciences, a leading scientist in the field of flax growing B. A. Pozdnyakov Results. As a result of the study, a refined methodological approach to calculating the reduced costs based on element-by-element costs was proposed, based on technological maps of growing crops, taking into account the support coefficient, and reserves for increasing the efficiency of using machine systems in the process of growing fiber flax at individual technological operations were revealed. The scientific novelty lies in the proposed method for calculating the costs of performing technological operations in the cultivation of fiber flax, the dependence of the change in the costs of cultivation with intensive technologies is also presented, alternative measures to optimize costs in agricultural organizations are shown.


Author(s):  
O. Yu. Emelyanova ◽  
М. F. Tsoy ◽  
L. I. Masalova ◽  
G. А. Pavlenkova ◽  
А. N. Firsov

Selection and introduction of a new high-quality range of plants that can grow in modern conditions is the main goal of studying plants in the genetic collection of the arboretum of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), which includes more than 300 species, forms and varieties of woody plants. The class of coniferous plants, which makes up 25% of the total number of taxa, is represented by three families and nine genera, one of which is Picea A. Dietr. The analysis of ecological and biological features was carried out for 10 native and introduced plant species of this genus in the collection of the VNIISPK arboretum. All the studied species and forms had high winter hardiness, with the exception of Picea omorica (Pancic) Purcyne. With the loss of decorativeness, the Picea canadensis Britt was damaged by pests; Picea omorica (Pancic) Purcyne. was affected by diseases. Two highly decorative genotypes that are resistant to a complex of adverse environmental factors have been identified for use in landscaping of objects of various purposes in the Orel region: P. abies f. cristata (L.) H. Karst and P. pungens f. glauca Reg. For landscape gardens and parks, it is also recommended to use the P. abies f. virgata (Jacq.) Casp.


Author(s):  
Nina Glebovna Krasova ◽  
Anna Mironovna Galasheva

A large apple gene pool has been collected at the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding including apple varieties of national selection, new breeding domestic and foreign varieties and genotypes of various genetic and ecological origins. The study of Volga apple varieties has allowed assessing them in the Orel region. The varieties with the long storage life of high-quality fruit have been identified: Gubernskoye, Kondratievskoye, Paskhalnoye, Pervenetz Rtisheva of the Saratov experimental station of horticulture. The varieties may be used for further breeding when creating high-quality domestic apple varieties with the fruit of long storage life and consumption.


Author(s):  
A.V. Yanchenko ◽  
A.M. Menshikh ◽  
M.I. Azopkov ◽  
V.S. Golubovich

С развитием технологий производства и внедрением автоматизированных технологических процессов возникают повышенные требования к качеству посевного материала. Посевные качества семян, отвечающие требованиям ГОСТ 32592-2013 Семена овощных, бахчевых культур, кормовых корнеплодов и кормовой капусты. Сортовые и посевные качества. Общие технические условия , не всегда удовлетворяют требованиям, предъявляемым к семенам и их качеству. Для автоматизации посева семена должны быть выровнены по размеру, иметь высокие показатели энергии и лабораторной всхожести. Один из способов повышения посевных качеств семян перца сладкого доработка семян на пневмосортировальном столе с сепарацией семян по их удельной плотности, выполненности. Работа проводилась на экспериментальной базе ВНИИО филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО и цеха доработки семян Агрохолдинга Поиск . В опытах изучались возможности подготовки семян с использованием пневмосортировального стола ПСС-1, изготовленного на Воронежском ОАО ГСКБ Зерномаш . Исследования проводили на семенах перца сладкого. При обработке выделяются и направляются в приемники пять фракций семян, условно легкие примеси, промежуточная фракция, две основных фракции очищенного материала и тяжелые примеси, в т.ч. минеральные частицы (камешки, песчинки, которые имеют одинаковый размер с семенами, но значительно их тяжелее). Для более качественного разделения фракций в приемниках предусмотрены разделительные заслонки, которые можно смещать относительно поступаемых семян с деки. В конструкции машины предусмотрена возможность изменения: угла продольного наклона деки от 0 до 8 град., угла поперечного наклона деки от 0 до 9 градусов, частоты колебаний деки от 300 до 500 кол/мин., и амплитуды позиционно 3 и 5 мм. Доработка семенного вороха на пневмосортировальном столе ПСС-1 дает возможность выделить семена с более высокими посевными качествами, пригодные для современных интенсивных точных технологий в овощеводстве. Основное направление реализации высококачественного семенного материала товарные производители. Несмотря на то, что стоимость высококачественных семян на порядок выше, положительно на экономический эффект влияет отказ от пикировки, высев семян перца напрямую в кассеты, и более качественная рассада, так как за счет энергии прорастания рассада растет более равномерно и дружно.With the development of production technologies and the introduction of automated technological processes, there are increased requirements for the quality of seed. Sowing quality of seeds that meet the requirements of GOST 32592-2013 Seeds of vegetables, melons, fodder root crops and fodder cabbage. Varietal and sowing qualities. General technical conditions do not always satisfy the requirements for seeds and their quality. To automate sowing, seeds must be aligned in size and have high energy and laboratory germination rates. One of the ways to improve the sowing qualities of seeds of sweet pepper is to refine the seeds on a pneumatic sorting table with separation of seeds according to their specific gravity, performance. The work was carried out on the experimental basis of ARRIVG branch Federal State Budget Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center and the seed finishing shop of the Poisk agroholding. In the experiments, we studied the possibilities of preparing seeds using the PSS-1 pneumatic sorting table manufactured at the Voronezh GSKB Zernomash. During processing, five fractions of seeds, conditionally light impurities, an intermediate fraction, two main fractions of the purified material and heavy impurities are isolated and sent to the receivers, including mineral particles (pebbles, grains of sand, which are the same size with seeds, but they are much heavier). For a better separation of fractions, separators are provided in the receivers, which can be shifted relative to the incoming seeds from the deck. The design of the machine provides for the possibility of changing: the angle of the longitudinal inclination of the deck from 0 to 8 degrees., The angle of the transverse inclination of the deck from 0 to 9 degrees, the oscillation frequency of the deck from 300 to 500 counts/min., аnd the amplitude positionally 3 and 5 mm. Completion of the seed pile on the PSS-1 pneumatic sorting table makes it possible to select seeds with higher sowing qualities that are suitable for modern intensive precision technologies in vegetable growing. The main direction of the sale of high-quality seed material is commodity producers. Despite the fact that the cost of high-quality seeds is an order of magnitude higher, the positive effect on the economic effect is the refusal to pick, sowing pepper seeds directly into cassettes, and better seedlings, since seedling grows more uniformly and amicably due to the germination energy.


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