scholarly journals Does Neighbourhood Design Impact Social Interactions Amongst Neighbours? Studying The Influence Of Neighbourhood Built-form & Type On Socialization Among Neighbours In Canadian Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafaa Muzaffar
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Built Form ◽  
New Urbanist ◽  
Form Type ◽  
Neighbourhood Structure ◽  
Structure And Design ◽  
Significant Effort

Urban planning has devoted significant effort to exploring the linkages between neighbourhood design and social interactions. With the increasing popularity of New Urbanism, the role New Urbanist design features play in promoting neighbourly socialization and strengthening communal bonds have become widely debated. This thesis contributes to the existing literature by researching how socialization differs between New Urbanist and traditional suburban neighbourhoods and whether the socialization difference, if any, results from differences in neighbourhood structure and design. This thesis uses a data set comprised of eight neighbourhoods - four of which are New Urbanist neighbourhoods and the other four are traditional suburban neighbourhoods. Using ordered probit regression modelling, the extent of socialization that stems from households’ demographic characteristics and the housing-level and neighbourhood-level physical design features is determined. The results indicate that socialization is more likely to be influenced by the amalgamated effect of neighbourhood type, rather than design features alone.

scholarly journals Does Neighbourhood Design Impact Social Interactions Amongst Neighbours? Studying The Influence Of Neighbourhood Built-form & Type On Socialization Among Neighbours In Canadian Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafaa Muzaffar
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Built Form ◽  
New Urbanist ◽  
Form Type ◽  
Neighbourhood Structure ◽  
Structure And Design ◽  
Significant Effort

Urban planning has devoted significant effort to exploring the linkages between neighbourhood design and social interactions. With the increasing popularity of New Urbanism, the role New Urbanist design features play in promoting neighbourly socialization and strengthening communal bonds have become widely debated. This thesis contributes to the existing literature by researching how socialization differs between New Urbanist and traditional suburban neighbourhoods and whether the socialization difference, if any, results from differences in neighbourhood structure and design. This thesis uses a data set comprised of eight neighbourhoods - four of which are New Urbanist neighbourhoods and the other four are traditional suburban neighbourhoods. Using ordered probit regression modelling, the extent of socialization that stems from households’ demographic characteristics and the housing-level and neighbourhood-level physical design features is determined. The results indicate that socialization is more likely to be influenced by the amalgamated effect of neighbourhood type, rather than design features alone.

scholarly journals Analysis of Gender Differences in Internet Use of Children: Evidence from Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Ömer Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

<p>In this study, factors in Internet use of female and male children in Turkey were determined with probit regression model by using micro data set in Household Information Technologies Usage Research of 2013 carried out by Turkish Statistical Institute. Dependent variable of the study is two category variable, namely Internet use and non-use of female and male children. Independent variables are socio-economic and demographic variables. According to chi-square analysis, there is a relation between Internet use of female and male children and socio-economic and demographic characteristics. According to probit regression analysis results, for female children, region, educational status, having computer or mobile phone on their own, frequency of watching TV, watching movie, series; floor show, music, game show; watching educational programs such as documentaries, culture, art, reading newspaper and journal in printed media, using mobile phone and frequency of using computer are variables effective in Internet use. Region, rural-urban difference, age, being literate, educational status, having mobile phone or game console on their own, watching entertainment, music, competition programs, reading newspaper and journal in printed media, using mobile phone and, frequency of using computer are variables effective in Internet use among male children. Frequency of using computer is the most effective variable in Internet use and it is more effective among female children compared to male children.</p>

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF DOMESTIC PHYSICAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN TURKEY

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Ömer Alkan ◽  
Şeyda Ünver
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women

Purpose of the study: This study aims to determine the factors affecting the exposure of women in Turkey 15 years of age and older to physical violence by their husband/intimate partner. Methodology: In this study, the micro-data set of the "Research on Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey" conducted by Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies in 2008 and 2014 was used. In this data set, the data of 18518 women aged 15 and over were used, 11722 in 2008 and 6796 in 2014. Factors affecting women's physical violence were determined using binary logistic and probit regression analysis. This study focuses on the physical violence of the husband/partner, which is the most common type of domestic violence against women. Main Findings: The variables of survey year, region, education level, individual income, marital status, health status, the number of children, and being exposed to violence from first degree relatives are seen to be significant. According to the results obtained, the expected probability of exposure to physical violence women who were subjected to economic, verbal, and sexual violence by their husbands/intimate partners was more than 39.8%, 127.35%, and 83.68%, respectively. Applications of this study: The study outcome indicate that important steps to reduce domestic physical violence against women in Turkey should be taken. In order to prevent new cases of abuse, coordinated efforts to raise awareness of the problem of domestic physical violence against women will encourage action. Novelty/Originality of this study: In this study, factors affecting the exposure of women in Turkey, 15 years old and older, to physical violence by their husband/intimate partner were identified. In the study, the socio-demographic and economic characteristics of women and to what extent the various risk factors related to husband/intimate partners were critical for the women's exposure to physical violence.

scholarly journals A new method for capturing stem taper variation for trees of diverse morphological types

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. MacFarlane ◽  
Aaron R. Weiskittel
Keyword(s):  
Tree Level ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Large Tree ◽  
Stem Taper ◽  
Type Classes ◽  
New Form ◽  
Form Type

Understanding variation in tree stem form is fundamental to both ecological and economic assessments of forest ecosystem structure and function. Stem taper models (STMs) are widely used to describe tree form, but it can be challenging to apply them to trees with stems that diverge from an idealized norm, often leading to the exclusion of many trees from stem taper studies. Here, new “whole-tree” form type classes are advanced as simple and useful groupings for capturing stem form variation of trees of diverse morphological types and tested with a large tree data set without exclusion criteria. New form type classes explained much more of main stem form variation than knowledge of tree species, while “merchantable” form types explained the most variation between trees and stands. Broad-leaved species were much more likely to have complex stem forms than needle-leaved species, but species “evergreenness” was a very weak predictor of stem form variation when tree- and stand-level form variation was accounted for. A new, generalized framework for stem taper modeling is demonstrated, using both species and merchantable form types to capture tree-level random effects. New form types and the STM approach are relatively easy to apply and should be relatively simple to integrate into any conventional forest inventory system. Overall, the study demonstrates the importance of including and accounting for the diversity of observed stem forms in developing STMs.

I Belong, Therefore, I Give? The Impact of Sense of Belonging on Graduate Student Alumni Engagement

2020 ◽  
pp. 089976402097768
Author(s):  
Noah D. Drezner ◽  
Oren Pizmony-Levy
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Alumni Giving ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Success In Higher Education ◽  
Alumni Engagement ◽  
The Impact

Although Sense of Belonging has long been an important construct in understanding student success in higher education, it has not been examined in the alumni context. In this article, we explore the association between graduate students’ Sense of Belonging and alumni engagement. We draw on an original data set ( n = 1,601) that combines administrative records on alumni giving and data from a 2017 survey. Using multivariate analyses, we show that alumni with a stronger Sense of Belonging are more likely to give to their alma mater and to hold pro-philanthropic attitudes. Furthermore, Sense of Belonging is positively associated with other forms of alumni engagement and participation, including volunteering. Our findings highlight the need to examine the link between unintentional social interactions and alumni engagement and giving.

Penalized Binary Regression for Gene Expression Profiling

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (05) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michae Schimek
Keyword(s):  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Binary Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Bayesian Probit Regression

Summary Objectives: A typical bioinformatics task in microarray analysis is the classification of biological samples into two alternative categories. A procedure is needed which, based on the expression levels measured, allows us to compute the probability that a new sample belongs to a certain class. Methods: For the purpose of classification the statistical approach of binary regression is considered. High-dimensionality and at the same time small sample sizes make it a challenging task. Standard logit or probit regression fails because of condition problems and poor predictive performance. The concepts of frequentist and of Bayesian penalization for binary regression are introduced. A Bayesian interpretation of the penalized log-likelihood is given. Finally the role of cross-validation for regularization and feature selection is discussed. Results: Penalization makes classical binary regression a suitable tool for microarray analysis. We illustrate penalized logit and Bayesian probit regression on a well-known data set and compare the obtained results, also with respect to published results from decision trees. Conclusions: The frequentist and the Bayesian penalization concept work equally well on the example data, however some method-specific differences can be made out. Moreover the Bayesian approach yields a quantification (posterior probabilities) of the bias due to the constraining assumptions.

Hedonic value and crowdfunding project performance: a propensity score matching-based analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Tsvi Vinig
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hedonic Value ◽  
Utilitarian Value ◽  
The Impact

Purpose In the existing literature on crowdfunding project performance, previous studies have given little attention to the impact of investors’ hedonic value and utilitarian value on project results. In a crowdfunding setting, utilitarian value is somehow hard to satisfy due to information asymmetry and adverse selection problem. Therefore, the projects with more hedonic value can be more attractive for potential investors. Lucky draw is a method to increase consumer hedonic value, and it can influence investors’ behavior as a result. The authors hypothesize that projects with hedonic treatment (lucky draw) may have higher probability to win their campaign than others. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A unique self-extracted two-year Chinese crowdfunding platform real data set has been applied as the analysis sample. The authors first employ propensity score matching methods to control for the endogeneity of hedonic treatment adoption (lucky draw). The authors then run OLS regression and probit regression in order to test the hypotheses. Findings The analysis suggests a significant positive relationship not only between project lottery adoption and project results but also between project lottery adoption and project popularity. Originality/value The results suggest that an often ignored factor – hedonic treatment (lucky draw) – can play an important role in crowdfunding project performance.

scholarly journals Propaganda and Conflict: Evidence from the Rwandan Genocide *

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 1947-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Yanagizawa-Drott
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rwandan Genocide ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article investigates the role of mass media in times of conflict and state-sponsored mass violence against civilians. We use a unique village-level data set from the Rwandan genocide to estimate the impact of a popular radio station that encouraged violence against the Tutsi minority population. The results show that the broadcasts had a significant effect on participation in killings by both militia groups and ordinary civilians. An estimated 51,000 perpetrators, or approximately 10% of the overall violence, can be attributed to the station. The broadcasts increased militia violence not only directly by influencing behavior in villages with radio reception but also indirectly by increasing participation in neighboring villages. In fact, spillovers are estimated to have caused more militia violence than the direct effects. Thus, the article provides evidence that mass media can affect participation in violence directly due to exposure and indirectly due to social interactions.

Impediments on the way to entrepreneurship. Some new evidence from the EU's post-socialist world

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios K. Batsakis
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rich Data

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to shed light on traditionally important determinants (demographics, peoples’ perceptions, and environmental characteristics) of entrepreneurial engagement in the post-socialist region of the European Union (EU). Design/methodology/approach – A rich data set obtained from the Flash Eurobarometer Survey on Entrepreneurship 2007 is used, while a binomial probit regression model is employed. Findings – Gender, mother's occupation, unemployment, and economic growth are reported as significant determinants of entrepreneurship. The econometric results also suggest that lack of financial resources, individual's risk aversion, a large number of start-up procedures, and increased tax rates are all positively, rather than negatively related to entrepreneurial engagement. Research limitations/implications – It is suggested that the recent structural changes that have occurred in the examined region, as well as the transition process under which the examined countries operate have influenced the attitude of individuals towards entrepreneurial engagement. Originality/value – The study provides useful information in relation to the attitude of a post-socialist society towards structural issues which have possibly impeded its engagement to entrepreneurship. Both the geographic area (post-socialist European countries) and the time the data were collected (i.e. three years after the examined countries’ accession to the EU) can be perceived as factors of great interest for both policy makers and entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals An Application of Contest Success Functions for Draws on European Soccer

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1191-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Yildizparlak
Keyword(s):  
Home Bias ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Success Function ◽  
Contest Success Functions ◽  
The Difference

A contest success function (success function) maps the level of efforts into winning and losing probabilities in contest theory. We aim to assess the empirical performance of success functions for draws and analyze the differences between European soccer leagues in terms of home bias, return on talent (ROT), and talent inequality. We use a data set with 10,569 matches acquired manually from transfermarkt.co.uk containing club-based average market values of the lineup of teams for each match played through 12 seasons from 7 major European soccer leagues. The results are obtained estimating the parameters of the success functions with a general maximum-likelihood method, and the hypotheses suggested by success functions are controlled with a probit regression. Two of the success functions outperform one conclusively. The difference in the performance between these two groups results from the contrast in the main determinant of the success function in allocating the probability of a draw. The high-performing success functions take difference in aggregate talent levels as the main determinant in drawing, while the other takes the aggregate talent as the main determinant. The results also show that there are major differences across leagues in terms of ROT, home bias, and talent inequality, despite the similarities in economic environment and the homogeneity in the rules of the game imposed across leagues. Our analysis sheds light on the contributions and implications of microeconomic theory to model sports and presents the differing characteristics of the European soccer leagues that impact match results significantly.

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