scholarly journals A novel radiant floor system: detailed characterization and comparison with traditional radiant systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saunak Shukla ◽  
Reza Daneshazarian ◽  
Aggrey Mwesigye ◽  
Wey H. Leong ◽  
Seth B. Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Floor Systems ◽  
Radiant Panel ◽  
Floor System ◽  
Radiant Floor Heating ◽  
Neutral Conditions

Abstract: Radiant floor systems have the potential to reduce energy consumption and the carbon footprint of buildings. This study analyzed a novel radiant panel configuration comprising a metal plate with small spikes that can be pressed into cement board or wood. The behaviour of this configuration was simulated for different materials for the metal plate, spike dimensions, and varying spacing between spikes. An annual energy simulation model compared the radiant panel configuration with traditional concrete-based system. Simulations were run under heating dominant, cooling dominant, and neutral conditions; significant cost savings and greenhouse gas emission reduction were seen across all scenarios. Keywords: Metal plate with spikes; radiant floor heating and cooling; energy efficiency; thermal comfort; computer simulation; economic optimization

scholarly journals A novel radiant floor system: detailed characterization and comparison with traditional radiant systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saunak Shukla ◽  
Reza Daneshazarian ◽  
Aggrey Mwesigye ◽  
Wey H. Leong ◽  
Seth B. Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Floor Systems ◽  
Radiant Panel ◽  
Floor System ◽  
Radiant Floor Heating ◽  
Neutral Conditions

Abstract: Radiant floor systems have the potential to reduce energy consumption and the carbon footprint of buildings. This study analyzed a novel radiant panel configuration comprising a metal plate with small spikes that can be pressed into cement board or wood. The behaviour of this configuration was simulated for different materials for the metal plate, spike dimensions, and varying spacing between spikes. An annual energy simulation model compared the radiant panel configuration with traditional concrete-based system. Simulations were run under heating dominant, cooling dominant, and neutral conditions; significant cost savings and greenhouse gas emission reduction were seen across all scenarios. Keywords: Metal plate with spikes; radiant floor heating and cooling; energy efficiency; thermal comfort; computer simulation; economic optimization

Improving Fire Safety by Understanding the Fire Performance of Engineered Floor Systems and Providing the Fire Service with Information for Tactical Decision Making

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Kerber ◽  
◽  
Daniel Madrzykowski ◽  
James Dalton ◽  
Bob Backstrom
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Firefighter Safety ◽  
Floor Systems ◽  
Floor System ◽  
The Impact

This research project was a collaboration of several research organizations, product manufacturers and fire service representatives to examine hazards associated with residential flooring systems to improve firefighter safety. Funding for this project was provided through the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Grant Program. The main objective of this study was to improve firefighter safety by increasing the level of knowledge on the response of residential flooring systems to fire. Several types (or series) of experiments were conducted and analyzed to expand the body of knowledge on the impact of fire on residential flooring systems. The results of the study have been prepared to provide tactical considerations for the fire service to enable improved decision making on the fire scene. Experiments were conducted to examine several types of floor joists including, dimensional lumber, engineered I-joists, metal plate connected wood trusses, steel C-joists, castellated I-joists and hybrid trusses. Experiments were performed at multiple scales to examine single floor system joists in a laboratory up through a full floor system in an acquired structure. Applied load, ventilation, fuel load, span and protection methods were altered to provide important information about the impact of these variables to structural stability and firefighter safety. There are several tactical considerations that result from this research that firefighters can use immediately to improve their understanding, safety and decision making when sizing up a fire in a one or two family home. 
 This report summarizes the results from each of the experimental series and provides discussion and conclusions of the results. 


scholarly journals Model Predictive Control Strategies to Activate the Energy Flexibility for Zones with Hydronic Radiant Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195
Author(s):  
Ali Saberi Derakhtenjani ◽  
Andreas K. Athienitis
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
High Price ◽  
Electricity Prices ◽  
Peak Demand ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Floor System ◽  
Radiant Floor Heating

This paper presents control strategies to activate energy flexibility for zones with radiant heating systems in response to changes in electricity prices. The focus is on zones with radiant floor heating systems for which the hydronic pipes are located deep in the concrete and, therefore, there is a significant thermal lag. A perimeter zone test-room equipped with a hydronic radiant floor system in an environmental chamber is used as a case study. A low order thermal network model for the perimeter zone, validated with experimental measurements, is utilized to study various control strategies in response to changes in the electrical grid price signal, including short term (nearly reactive) changes of the order of 10–15 min notice. An index is utilized to quantify the building energy flexibility with the focus on peak demand reduction for specific periods of time when the electricity prices are higher than usual. It is shown that the developed control strategies can aid greatly in enhancing the zone energy flexibility and minimizing the cost of electricity and up to 100% reduction in peak power demand and energy consumption is attained during the high-price and peak-demand periods, while maintaining acceptable comfort conditions.

scholarly journals Development of Optimal Design Method for Steel Double-Beam Floor System Considering Rotational Constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3266
Author(s):  
Insub Choi ◽  
Dongwon Kim ◽  
Junhee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
High Gravity ◽  
Double Beam ◽  
Iterative Analysis ◽  
Floor Systems ◽  
Optimal Design Method ◽  
Floor System

Under high gravity loads, steel double-beam floor systems need to be reinforced by beam-end concrete panels to reduce the material quantity since rotational constraints from the concrete panel can decrease the moment demand by inducing a negative moment at the ends of the beams. However, the optimal design process for the material quantity of steel beams requires a time-consuming iterative analysis for the entire floor system while especially keeping in consideration the rotational constraints in composite connections between the concrete panel and steel beams. This study aimed to develop an optimal design method with the LM (Length-Moment) index for the steel double-beam floor system to minimize material quantity without the iterative design process. The LM index is an indicator that can select a minimum cross-section of the steel beams in consideration of the flexural strength by lateral-torsional buckling. To verify the proposed design method, the material quantities between the proposed and code-based design methods were compared at various gravity loads. The proposed design method successfully optimized the material quantity of the steel double-beam floor systems without the iterative analysis by simply choosing the LM index of the steel beams that can minimize objective function while satisfying the safety-related constraint conditions. In particular, under the high gravity loads, the proposed design method was superb at providing a quantity-optimized design option. Thus, the proposed optimal design method can be an alternative for designing the steel double-beam floor system.

scholarly journals Automated Residential Energy Audits Using a Smart WiFi Thermostat-Enabled Data Mining Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2500
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alanezi ◽  
Kevin P. Hallinan ◽  
Kefan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Furnace Efficiency ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Data Mining Approach ◽  
Energy Auditing ◽  
Energy Audits

Smart WiFi thermostats, when they first reached the market, were touted as a means for achieving substantial heating and cooling energy cost savings. These savings did not materialize until additional features, such as geofencing, were added. Today, average savings from these thermostats of 10–12% in heating and 15% in cooling for a single-family residence have been reported. This research aims to demonstrate additional potential benefit of these thermostats, namely as a potential instrument for conducting virtual energy audits on residences. In this study, archived smart WiFi thermostat measured temperature data in the form of a power spectrum, corresponding historical weather and energy consumption data, building geometry characteristics, and occupancy data were integrated in order to train a machine learning model to predict attic and wall R-Values, furnace efficiency, and air conditioning seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER), all of which were known for all residences in this study. The developed model was validated on residences not used for model development. Validation R-squared values of 0.9408, 0.9421, 0.9536, and 0.9053 for predicting attic and wall R-values, furnace efficiency, and AC SEER, respectively, were realized. This research demonstrates promise for low-cost data-based energy auditing of residences reliant upon smart WiFi thermostats.

scholarly journals Exergoeconomic optimization of solar heat pump systems of heat supply

2020 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01125
Author(s):  
Mexriya Koroly ◽  
Anvar Anarbaev ◽  
Alisher Usmanov ◽  
Kuvondyk Soliev
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Solar Heat ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Industrial Heating

In this paper, there is analyzed the results of exergy economic optimization of heat-cooling supply in building by using the solar heat pump system. It is possible to realize a system having high reliability in operation of the system. The solar heat pump system according to the present technical decision has high energy efficiency while ensuring reliability, and is useful as a domestic air conditioning and heating water heater. It can also be applied to uses such as industrial heating and cooling devices.

scholarly journals Optimum Energy Flow Management of a Grid-Tied Photovoltaic-Wind-Battery System considering Cost, Reliability, and CO2 Emission

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Meryeme Azaroual ◽  
Mohammed Ouassaid ◽  
Mohamed Maaroufi
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Optimum Energy ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Reliable Model ◽  
Cover Ratio

The main goal of this paper is to explore the performance of a residential grid-tied hybrid (GTH) system which relies on economic and environmental aspects. A photovoltaic- (PV-) wind turbine- (WT-) battery storage system with maximizing self-consumption and time-of-use (ToU) pricing is conducted to examine the system efficiency. In so doing, technical optimization criteria with taking into consideration renewable energy benefits including feed-in-tariff (FIT) and greenhouse gas emission (GHG) reduction are analyzed. As the battery has a substantial effect on the operational cost of the system, the energy management strategy (EMS) will incorporate the daily operating cost of the battery and the effect of the degradation. The model can give the opportunity to the network to sell or purchase energy from the system. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in which the new objective function achieves the maximum cost-saving (99.81%) and income (5.16 $/day) compared to other existing strategies as well as the lowest GHG emission. Furthermore, the battery enhances the best daily self-consumption and load cover ratio. Then, as the model is nonlinear, a comparison with other existing algorithms is performed to select the feasible, robust, and reliable model for the residential application. A hybrid algorithm (HGAFMINCON) is developed to demonstrate the superiority of the algorithm over FMINCON and GA shown in terms of cost savings and income.

scholarly journals Heat pump systems: A mini review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Mohammad Omar Temori ◽  
František Vranay
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Reduce Electricity Consumption

In this work, a mini review of heat pumps is presented. The work is intended to introduce a technology that can be used to income energy from the natural environment and thus reduce electricity consumption for heating and cooling. A heat pump is a mechanical device that transfers heat from one environmental compartment to another, typically against a temperature gradient (i.e. from cool to hot). In order to do this, an energy input is required: this may be mechanical, electrical or thermal energy. In most modern heat pumps, electrical energy powers a compressor, which drives a compression - expansion cycle of refrigerant fluid between two heat exchanges: a cold evaporator and a warm condenser. The efficiency or coefficient of performance (COP), of a heat pump is defined as the thermal output divided by the primary energy (electricity) input. The COP decreases as the temperature difference between the cool heat source and the warm heat sink increases. An efficient ground source heat pump (GSHP) may achieve a COP of around 4. Heat pumps are ideal for exploiting low-temperature environmental heat sources: the air, surface waters or the ground. They can deliver significant environmental (CO2) and cost savings.

scholarly journals A Comparison on Numerical Simulation Models for Vibrational Performances of the Wood Truss Joist Floor System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Yinlan Shen ◽  
Haibin Zhou ◽  
Shuo Xue ◽  
Jinchuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Flexible Metal ◽  
Plate Connections ◽  
Simplified Modeling ◽  
Floor System ◽  
Vibration Performance

Wood truss joist floors are increasingly used to replace traditional solid timber joist floors in low-rise timber houses. An understanding of the vibration performance of wood truss joist floors is critical for the design and serviceability of the floors. It is difficult to model wood truss joist floors accurately because of the complicated boundary conditions and numerous sophisticated flexible connections. This paper discusses three simplified modeling methods for the wood truss joist floor system. The modeling results were validated by a series of static deflection tests and vibration modes and frequencies tests of a full-size floor. And predictive analysis of human-induced vibration of the floor was also conducted. The vibration characteristics of the wood truss joist floor were investigated. The examination of the applicability of these modeling methods was provided. The results indicate that the point loading deflection more easily affects the deflection of the adjacent joist. However, the deflection influence on other joists that are three spaces away is minimal. Walking on the wood truss joist floor produces steep vibration acceleration fluctuations at the floor center for a relatively long time period. The sheathing-to-joist connections and the metal plate connections of the joists have significant influences on the vibration response of the wood truss joist floor. The modeling method, which considers the flexible metal plate connections and flexible sheathing-to-joist connections, performs best for predicting the vibration performance of the floor.

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