scholarly journals Liquid Distribution and its Effect on the Organic Removal in a Trickle Bed Bioreactor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Jedari Eyvazi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Liquid Distribution ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Liquid Distributor ◽  
Bod Removal

Propylene glycol methyl ether was removed from wastewater in a trickling bed bioreactor under different liquid distribution conditions. A 0.3 m diameter column filled with two heights of 0.7 m and 1.4 m with 2 cm plastic spheres were used. The wastewater flow rate varied from 0.184 to .0918 kg/m₂.s. The effect of the initial liquid distribution was examined using two types of liquid distributors: a multipoint liquid distributor and a central single point liquid distributor. Over 96 hours of treatment period, the BOD₅ was reduced by 85% and 65% under the most uniform liquid distribution condition and the poor liquid distribution condition, respectively, achieved in this study. Increasing the liquid flow rate from 0.184 to 0.198 kg/m₂.s, it increased the dynamic liquid holdup by 53% and the apparent BOD₅ removal rate constant by 23% at 1.4 m bed height using the multipoint liquid distributor. Moreover, with the use of the multipoint liquid distributor, the apparent reaction when the liquid flow rate was increased from 0.184kg/m₂.s to 0.918 kg/m₂.s. In addition, it was found that the effect of an increase in the bed height on the percentage BOD₅ removal was not significant when initial liquid distribution was uniform. Under the uniform initial condition, only 4% increase in the percentage BOD₅ removal was observed when the bed height increased from 0.7 to 1.4 m whereas when the initial distribution was extremely non-uniform, the percentage of BOD₅ removal was increased by 20% with increasing bed height. The local distribution of the BOD₅ removal was not uniform across the bed cross-section and it was affected by the liquid flow distribution across the bed cross-section.

scholarly journals Liquid Distribution and its Effect on the Organic Removal in a Trickle Bed Bioreactor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Jedari Eyvazi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Liquid Distribution ◽  
Bed Height ◽  
Liquid Distributor ◽  
Bod Removal

Propylene glycol methyl ether was removed from wastewater in a trickling bed bioreactor under different liquid distribution conditions. A 0.3 m diameter column filled with two heights of 0.7 m and 1.4 m with 2 cm plastic spheres were used. The wastewater flow rate varied from 0.184 to .0918 kg/m₂.s. The effect of the initial liquid distribution was examined using two types of liquid distributors: a multipoint liquid distributor and a central single point liquid distributor. Over 96 hours of treatment period, the BOD₅ was reduced by 85% and 65% under the most uniform liquid distribution condition and the poor liquid distribution condition, respectively, achieved in this study. Increasing the liquid flow rate from 0.184 to 0.198 kg/m₂.s, it increased the dynamic liquid holdup by 53% and the apparent BOD₅ removal rate constant by 23% at 1.4 m bed height using the multipoint liquid distributor. Moreover, with the use of the multipoint liquid distributor, the apparent reaction when the liquid flow rate was increased from 0.184kg/m₂.s to 0.918 kg/m₂.s. In addition, it was found that the effect of an increase in the bed height on the percentage BOD₅ removal was not significant when initial liquid distribution was uniform. Under the uniform initial condition, only 4% increase in the percentage BOD₅ removal was observed when the bed height increased from 0.7 to 1.4 m whereas when the initial distribution was extremely non-uniform, the percentage of BOD₅ removal was increased by 20% with increasing bed height. The local distribution of the BOD₅ removal was not uniform across the bed cross-section and it was affected by the liquid flow distribution across the bed cross-section.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of a Rectangular Airlift Pump

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Esen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Airlift Pump

Hydraulic performance of an airlift pump having a rectangular cross-section 20 mm × 80 mm was investigated through an experimental program. The pump was operated at six different submergence ratios and the liquid flow rate was measured at various flowrates of air injected. The effectiveness of the pump, defined as the ratio of the mass of liquid pumped to the mass of air injected, was determined as a function of the mass of air injected for different submergence ratios. Results obtained were compared with those for circular airlift pumps using an analytical model for circular pumps. Effectiveness of the rectangular airlift pump was observed to be comparable to that of the circular pumps. Hydraulic performance of the rectangular airlift pump investigated was then described by a set of semilogarithmic empirical equations.

Absorption of oxygen into solutions of polymers

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2127-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Potůček ◽  
Jiří Stejskal
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Flow Curve ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Newtonian Liquids

Absorption of oxygen into water and aqueous solutions of poly(acrylamides) was studied in an absorber with a wetted sphere. The effects of changes in the liquid flow rate and the polymer concentration on the liquid side mass transfer coefficient were examined. The results are expressed by correlations between dimensionless criteria modified for non-Newtonian liquids whose flow curve can be described by the Ostwald-de Waele model.

scholarly journals Effects of water salinity on the foam dynamics for EOR application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Rudyk ◽  
Sami Al-Khamisi ◽  
Yahya Al-Wahaibi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Porous System ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Total Flow Rate ◽  
Foam Flow

AbstractFactors limiting foam injection for EOR application are exceptionally low rock permeability and exceedingly high salinity of the formation water. In this regard, foam formation using internal olefin sulfonate is investigated over a wide salinity range (1, 5, 8, 10, and 12% NaCl) through 10 mD limestone. The relationships between pressure drop (dP), apparent viscosity, liquid flow rate, total flow rate, salinity, foam texture, and length of foam drops at the outlet used as an indicator of viscosity are studied. Foaming is observed up to 12% NaCl, compared to a maximum of 8% NaCl in similar core-flooding experiments with 50 mD limestone and 255 mD sandstone. Thus, the salinity limit of foam formation has increased significantly due to the low permeability, which can be explained by the fact that the narrow porous system acts like a membrane with smaller holes. Compared to the increasing dP reported for highly permeable rocks, dP linearly decreases in almost the entire range of gas fraction (fg) at 1–10% NaCl. As fg increases, dP at higher total flow rate is higher at all salinities, but the magnitude of dP controls the dependence of apparent viscosity on total flow rate. Low dP is measured at 1% and 10% NaCl, and high dP is measured at 5, 8, and 12% NaCl. In the case of low dP, the apparent viscosity is higher at higher total flow rate with increasing gas fraction, but similar at two total flow rates with increasing liquid flow rate. In the case of high dP, the apparent viscosity is higher at lower total flow rate, both with an increase in the gas fraction and with an increase in the liquid flow rate. A linear correlation is found between dP or apparent viscosity and liquid flow rate, which defines it as a governing factor of foam flow and can be considered when modeling foam flow.

Numerical Simulation of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows on Wetted Walls

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Iso ◽  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Film Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Transition ◽  
Wall Surface ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Wall Flows ◽  
Rivulet Flow

Gas-liquid two-phase flows on the wall like liquid film flows, which are the so-called wetted wall flows, are observed in many industrial processes such as absorption, desorption, distillation and others. For the optimum design of packed columns widely used in those kind of processes, the accurate predictions of the details on the wetted wall flow behavior in packing elements are important, especially in order to enhance the mass transfer between the gas and liquid and to prevent flooding and channeling of the liquid flow. The present study focused on the effects of the change of liquid flow rate and the wall surface texture treatments on the characteristics of wetted wall flows which have the drastic flow transition between the film flow and rivulet flow. In this paper, the three-dimensional gas-liquid two-phase flow simulation by using the volume of fluid (VOF) model is applied into wetted wall flows. Firstly, as one of new interesting findings in this paper, present results showed that the hysteresis of the flow transition between the film flow and rivulet flow arose against the increasing or decreasing stages of the liquid flow rate. It was supposed that this transition phenomenon depends on the history of flow pattern as the change of curvature of interphase surface which leads to the surface tension. Additionally, the applicability and accuracy of the present numerical simulation were validated by using the existing experimental and theoretical studies with smooth wall surface. Secondary, referring to the texture geometry used in an industrial packing element, the present simulations showed that surface texture treatments added on the wall can improve the prevention of liquid channeling and can increase the wetted area.

New approach to maintaining liquid flow rate stability in national primary standard

2021 ◽  
pp. 101930
Author(s):  
N.I. Mikheev ◽  
V.M. Molochnikov ◽  
D.V. Kratirov ◽  
O.A. Dushina ◽  
A.A. Paereliy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
New Approach ◽  
National Primary Standard

The ukrainian state standard for the liquid flow rate unit

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-650
Author(s):  
V. B. Bol’shakov ◽  
N. I. Kosach
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
State Standard ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate

Simulation of Liquid-Gas Replacement in Commissioning Process for Large-Slope Crude Oil Pipeline

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Xiaoping Li ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Shaojun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Computational Procedure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Oil Pipeline

Pipeline commissioning, which is a key link from engineering construction to production operation, is aim to fill an empty pipe by injecting water or oil to push air out of it. For a large-slope crude oil pipeline with great elevation differences, air is fairly easy to entrap at downward inclined parts. The entrapped air, which is also called air pocket, will cause considerable damage on pumps and pipes. The presence of it may also bring difficulties in tracking the location of the liquid head or the interface between oil and water. It is the accumulated air that needed to be exhausted in time during commissioning. This paper focuses on the simulation of liquid-gas replacement in commissioning process that only liquid flow rate exists while gas stays stagnant in the pipe and is demanded to be replaced by liquid. Few previous researches have been found yet in this area. Consequently, the flow in a V-section pipeline consisted of a downhill segment and a subsequent uphill one is used here for studying both the formation and exhaustion behaviors of the intake air. The existing two-fluid model and simplified non-pressure wave model for gas-liquid stratified flow are applied to performance the gas formation and accumulation. The exhausting process is deemed to be a period in which the elongated bubble (Taylor bubble) is fragmented into dispersed small bubbles. A mathematical model to account for gas entrainment into liquid slug is proposed, implemented and incorporated in a computational procedure. By taking into account the comprehensive effects of liquid flow rate, fluid properties, surface tension, and inclination angle, the characteristics of the air section such as the length, pressure and mass can be calculated accurately. The model was found to show satisfactory predictions when tested in a pipeline. The simulation studies can provide theoretical support and guidance for field engineering application, which are meanwhile capable of helping detect changes in parameters of gas section. Thus corresponding control measures can be adopted timely and appropriately in commissioning process.

Liquid Flow Rate Distribution in Trickle Bed with Non-Uniformly Packed Structure.

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meisen Li ◽  
Yoshiyuki Bando ◽  
Kenji Suzuki ◽  
Keiji Yasuda ◽  
Masaaki Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Distribution ◽  
Packed Structure ◽  
Trickle Bed
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