The Influence Of Culture On The Process Of Recovery From A First Episode Schizophrenia

10.32920/ryerson.14644290 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melanie A. Ramiro

Keyword(s):

Cultural Identity ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

Illness Experience ◽

First Episode ◽

Future Research ◽

Bridge To Recovery ◽

Positive Sense ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

The literature indicates that aspects of culture have the potential to influence recovery from first episode schizophrenia (FES). The purpose of this study was to describe the infl uence of culture on the process of recovery for individuals with first episode schizophrenia. This study employed a qualitative descriptive methodology and elicited the experience of five male participants, who self-identified that culture influenced their recovery from FES. The three categories that emerged from the data are: ‘Emerging Cultural Identity,’ ‘Cultural Identity and Describing the Illness Experience,’ and ‘Cultural Identity: A Bridge to Recovery.’ A distinctive feature of this study is that participants turned toward their cultural identity to facilitate their process of recovery from a FES and maintain a positive sense of self. This study offers a preliminary understanding of the role of culture in recovery from FES and suggests implications for clinical practice, future research and theory.

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Metacognitive capacity and negative symptoms in first episode psychosis: Evidence of a prospective relationship over a 3-year follow-up

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology ◽

10.1177/2043808718821572 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 204380871882157 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stephen Fitzgerald Austin ◽

Paul H. Lysaker ◽

Jens Einar Jansen ◽

Anne Marie Trauelsen ◽

Hanne-Grethe Lyse Nielsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Symptoms ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

First Episode Psychosis ◽

First Episode ◽

Future Research ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Episode Psychosis ◽

Negative Syndrome

Negative symptoms can be linked to Bleuler’s concept of splitting or fragmentation of thought, affect, and will. Research has shown a link between disturbances in metacognition and negative symptoms, although relatively few studies have examined this relationship longitudinally. The aim of this article is to examine whether metacognitive capacity among patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) predicted negative symptoms after a follow-up period of 3 years. Metacognition was assessed using the Metacognition Assessment Scale abbreviated and symptoms were assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale among 59 adults with FEP. Symptoms were then reassessed at a 3-year follow-up. Significant correlations were found between baseline metacognitive scores and the expressive component of negative symptoms as well as for individual negative symptoms such as blunted affect, poor rapport, and alogia at 3-year follow-up after controlling for baseline negative symptoms. Self-reflectivity was significantly correlated with the expressive component of negative symptoms at 3-year follow-up. The results are partly consistent with a Bleulerian model which understands the emergence of negative symptoms as a response in part to the experience of fragmentation, particularly in terms of sense of self and others. Future research should clarify the likely role of metacognition in the development and maintenance of negative symptoms.

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Describing the recovery experiences of not criminally responsible clients living in the community

10.32920/ryerson.14654160 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Irene Boldt

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Critical Role ◽

Future Research ◽

Forensic Mental Health ◽

Process Of Change ◽

Recovery Experiences ◽

Not Criminally Responsible ◽

Qualitative Descriptive

This study describes the recovery experiences of persons who have been found not criminally responsible on account of a mental disorder (NCRMD). A qualitative descriptive methodology was used to elicit the recovery experiences of five participants. The overarching theme that arose from the data was ‘Experiencing and understanding recovery in the forensic mental health system (FMHS) as a dynamic process of change,’ and the major themes that emerged out of the overarching theme are: ‘Recovering in the FMHS,’ ‘the Critical Role of Medication,’ ‘the Significance of Relationships,’ ‘the Importance of Helping Yourself,’ and ‘Navigating Challenges.’ The results of this inquiry reveal that the participants’ experiences of recovery are greatly influenced by their involvement in the FMHS. This study offers a preliminary understanding of how recovery is experienced by NCRMD clients who reside in the community and suggests implications for clinical practice and education, as well as future research and theory.

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The Role of Butyric Acid in Treatment Response in Drug-Naïve First Episode Schizophrenia

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.724664 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xue Li ◽

Xiaoduo Fan ◽

Xiuxia Yuan ◽

Lijuan Pang ◽

Shaohua Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Response ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Serum Levels ◽

First Episode ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Drug Naïve ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia ◽

Risperidone Treatment

Background: Butyric acid, a major short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), has an important role in the microbiota–gut–brain axis and brain function. This study investigated the role of butyric acid in treatment response in drug-naïve first episode schizophrenia.Methods: The study recruited 56 Chinese Han schizophrenia inpatients with normal body weight and 35 healthy controls. Serum levels of butyric acid were measured using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis at baseline (for all participants) and 24 weeks after risperidone treatment (for patients). Clinical symptoms were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for patients at both time points.Results: At baseline, there was no significant difference in serum levels of butyric acid between patients and healthy controls (p = 0.206). However, there was a significant increase in serum levels of butyric acid in schizophrenia patients after 24-week risperidone treatment (p = 0.030). The PANSS total and subscale scores were decreased significantly after 24-week risperidone treatment (p's < 0.001). There were positive associations between baseline serum levels of butyric acid and the reduction ratio of the PANSS total and subscale scores after controlling for age, sex, education, and duration of illness (p's < 0.05). Further, there was a positive association between the increase in serum levels of butyric acid and the reduction of the PANSS positive symptoms subscale scores (r = 0.38, p = 0.019) after controlling for potential confounding factors.Conclusions: Increased serum levels of butyric acid might be associated with a favorable treatment response in drug-naïve, first episode schizophrenia. The clinical implications of our findings were discussed.

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Monocytic Subsets and Their Signature Genes Differentially Impact Cortex and Cognition in First-Episode Schizophrenia

10.1101/2021.09.13.21262813 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Song Chen ◽

Keerthana Chithanathan ◽

Fengmei Fan ◽

Meihong Xiu ◽

Hongzhen Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Binding ◽

Transmembrane Protein ◽

Visual Learning ◽

Protein A ◽

Occipital Cortex ◽

First Episode ◽

Future Research ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Signature Genes ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

Accumulating evidence supports involvement of innate immunity in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Monocytes are a highly heterogeneous population, subcategorized into classical (CD14++CD16-), intermediate (CD14++CD16+) and nonclassical subsets (CD14+CD16++). How monocytic subsets may shape brain structures and functions remains unclear. The primary goal of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the inter-relationships among monocytic subsets and their specific transcriptomic profiles, cerebral cortical thickness, and cognitive functions in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients. We performed whole-blood RNA sequencing (RNAseq) in 128 FES patients and 111 healthy controls (HCs) along with MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) measurement, as well as neuroimaging and flow cytometry among partial participants. RNAseq revealed significantly changed expressions of 54 monocytic signature genes in FES patients compared to HCs, especially for intermediate and nonclassical monocytic subsets, with the most outstanding alterations being downregulated S100 Calcium Binding Protein A (S100A) and upregulated Interferon Induced Transmembrane Protein (IFITM) family members, respectively. The percentage of nonclassical monocytes was decreased in FES patients. Cortical thicknesses and MCCB performance were expectantly reduced in FES patients too. Interestingly, negative inter-relationships of monocytic signature genes with both cortical thicknesses and cognition were found in HCs, which were weakened or even reversed in FES patients. Furthermore, the lateral occipital cortex fully mediated the negative effect of a classical monocytic gene Ribonuclease A Family Member 2 (RNASE2) on visual learning in patient group. This study suggests that monocytic dysfunctions play an essential role in cognitive deficit of schizophrenia, and their subtypes should be considered in future research.

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Colombia: innovation, trust and emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Management Research The Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management ◽

10.1108/mrjiam-05-2020-1040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Varón Sandoval ◽

Mónica Bibiana González Calixto ◽

María del Pilar Ramírez Salazar

Keyword(s):

Positive Emotions ◽

Future Research ◽

Content Type ◽

The Public ◽

The Awakening ◽

Role Of The State ◽

Collaborative Innovation ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to reflect on some actions carried out in Colombia, both at the governmental and organizational levels, that can be considered collaborative innovations and that have emerged within this pandemic context seeking to generate an increase in trust and the awakening of others’ emotions, as well as manifestations or expressions of trust and emotions by the population. Design/methodology/approach Through a qualitative descriptive study, innovation strategies applied by different sectors to address the current situation of preventive isolation are identified, with the subsequent identification of manifestations resulting from the execution of the strategies and analyzes of the implications in terms of emotions and confidence as research constructs. Findings Actions taken by the public administration, instead of generating trust and instilling positive emotions, have generated the opposite and there is evidence of greater acceptance of actions when they come from the general population through strategies that can be assimilated into the application of open collaborative innovation. Originality/value This study raises future research challenges, in addition to the practical implications that it may have in terms of the vision of the role of the state and citizens and the impact of administrative decisions regarding the generation of trust and the presence of positive emotions in a crisis context.

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The role of NGF and IL-2 serum level in assisting the diagnosis in first episode schizophrenia

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2010.12.017 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 189 (1) ◽

pp. 72-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Peng Xiong ◽

Yong Zeng ◽

Jing Wan ◽

Diana Huang XiaoHan ◽

Deyong Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Level ◽

First Episode ◽

First Episode Schizophrenia

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Real and Fictional Home: Constructing James Joyce’s Identity in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Advances in Language and Literary Studies ◽

10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.6p.44 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Leila Baradaran Jamili ◽

Razie Arshadi

Keyword(s):

Cultural Identity ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

Roland Barthes ◽

Modern World ◽

Individual Identity ◽

City Life ◽

Cultural Contradictions ◽

Real Self

The present paper sheds new light on the prominent role of man’s home whether real or fictional on the construction of his identity in James Joyce’s (1882-1941) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916). One of the most pressing issues and cultural contradictions of modern world is the fate of individual identity in city life. A person is defined based on his cultural identity; and when the loss of that identity is imagined, one is confronted with the thought that he will lose his sense of self and cease to be what he is. The identity involves a repression that leads to a construction of stability and security that might not exist in reality. Peter J. Burke and Jane E. Stets declare that identity means ‘who you are’. Thus, to investigate one’s identity one has to find a way to the cultural context that the person is brought up in it. Michael Ryan (1946- ) asserts that culture is a set of unstated rules by which men live. It allows men to live together in communities by giving them shared signs and signals. Semiology, according to Roland Barthes (1915-1980), is the scientific way of deciphering the cultural signs and codes that pave the way to look into a distinct culture. Thus, it is impossible to know Joyce’s characters, in particular Stephen Dedalus, without enough knowledge of Dublin as Joyce’s home. Stephen metaphorically maps his home through which he can wander to shape and reshape his real self.

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