scholarly journals Modification of Interpretive Bias: Impact on Anxiety Sensitivity, Information Processing and Response to Induced Bodily Sensations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma M. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Training Condition ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Interpretive Bias ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Physical Consequences ◽  
The Impact

Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) is the fear of normal, arousal-related bodily sensations due to the belief that they have negative consequences. High AS is associated with interpretive biases whereby normal bodily sensations are perceived as threatening. Research shows that interpretive biases can be modified through cognitive training. In the present study, the impact of interpretation training on cognitive processes and behaviour was examined in people with high AS. Thirty-four participants were assigned to either a training condition designed to induce a benign interpretive bias, or a “sham” condition designed to have no effect on existing biases. Participants in the training condition reported significant decreases in overall AS and fear of the physical consequences of anxiety. Interpretive bias measures yielded mixed findings. Both conditions displayed decreased negative interpretations of explanations of physical sensations, but only the training condition displayed decreased interpretations of specific, negative explanations of physical sensations. Theoretical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Modification of Interpretive Bias: Impact on Anxiety Sensitivity, Information Processing and Response to Induced Bodily Sensations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma M. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Training Condition ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Interpretive Bias ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Physical Consequences ◽  
The Impact

Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) is the fear of normal, arousal-related bodily sensations due to the belief that they have negative consequences. High AS is associated with interpretive biases whereby normal bodily sensations are perceived as threatening. Research shows that interpretive biases can be modified through cognitive training. In the present study, the impact of interpretation training on cognitive processes and behaviour was examined in people with high AS. Thirty-four participants were assigned to either a training condition designed to induce a benign interpretive bias, or a “sham” condition designed to have no effect on existing biases. Participants in the training condition reported significant decreases in overall AS and fear of the physical consequences of anxiety. Interpretive bias measures yielded mixed findings. Both conditions displayed decreased negative interpretations of explanations of physical sensations, but only the training condition displayed decreased interpretations of specific, negative explanations of physical sensations. Theoretical implications are discussed.

Improving Attention in a Person with Schizophrenia

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Tryssenaar ◽  
Joel Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
General Level ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Processing Ability ◽  
The Impact

The efficacy of cognitive training of attentional deficits was examined in a young adult with chronic schizophrenia. The study employed a single subject experimental design to explore the impact of Attention Process Training. Prior to training, multiple assessments were administered. These included measures of the subject's information processing ability, attention skills and general level of functional performance. During the training, attention tests were administered at the completion of each rehabilitation component. A functional evaluation through interviews and outcome measures of information processing ability were conducted after the training was concluded. The results of the study demonstrated improvements and normalization of attention and memory. Descriptive data regarding functioning suggest generalized gains in performance in living, social and working environments. The results suggest that cognitive training of attention was effective with this subject. Direct and systematic replications to establish generalizability are recommended.

scholarly journals Experimental Manipulation of Processing Style: Impact on Interpretive Bias, Problem Solving, and Worry in Individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Jane Pawluck
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Training Condition ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Processing Style ◽  
The Impact

The present study investigated whether individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) could be trained to adopt an abstract or concrete processing style and the impact of processing style training on GAD symptoms and cognitive processes, including an interpretation bias, negative problem solving orientation, poor problem solving, and worry. Participants (N=47) were trained to adopt an abstract or concrete processing style, and outcome measures were completed at posttraining and 1 week follow-up. At posttraining, processing style training was effective in inducing an abstract or concrete processing style. In addition, at posttraining, the concrete training condition reported reduced concern with ambiguous scenarios and produced problem solutions that were rated as more effective compared with the abstract training condition. At follow-up, there was no difference between training conditions on processing style and associated GAD symptoms and cognitive processes. Study limitations and future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Experimental Manipulation of Processing Style: Impact on Interpretive Bias, Problem Solving, and Worry in Individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Jane Pawluck
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Training Condition ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Processing Style ◽  
The Impact

The present study investigated whether individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) could be trained to adopt an abstract or concrete processing style and the impact of processing style training on GAD symptoms and cognitive processes, including an interpretation bias, negative problem solving orientation, poor problem solving, and worry. Participants (N=47) were trained to adopt an abstract or concrete processing style, and outcome measures were completed at posttraining and 1 week follow-up. At posttraining, processing style training was effective in inducing an abstract or concrete processing style. In addition, at posttraining, the concrete training condition reported reduced concern with ambiguous scenarios and produced problem solutions that were rated as more effective compared with the abstract training condition. At follow-up, there was no difference between training conditions on processing style and associated GAD symptoms and cognitive processes. Study limitations and future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals BILINGUAL EFFECT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-286
Author(s):  
Yu.O. Novgorodova
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Structures ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Function Change ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of a theoretical review, the purpose of which is to highlight the problem of the influence of bilingualism on the development of executive function change in modern research. The analysis of this problem points to the differentiated contribution of bilingualism to the functioning of such cognitive processes as inhibition, working memory and shifting. The problem is that the established term "bilingual advantage", describing the influence of bilingualism on the development of mental structures, is not correct, since the authors note both positive and negative consequences of bilingualism reflected in child development. As a result, researchers have adopted the concept of "bilingual effect", which allows for various options for the impact of bilingualism on the development of cognitive structures. This article urges to indicate the limitations in modern studies of bilinguals, is aimed at finding prospects for further study of this problem.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Attachment Style, Anxiety Sensitivity and Interpretive Bias Among Adolescent Nonclinical Panickers

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Austin ◽  
Rachel S. Jamieson ◽  
Jeffrey C. Richards ◽  
John Winkelman
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Interpretive Bias ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractElevated anxiety sensitivity and the tendency to catastrophically misinterpret ambiguous bodily sensations has been demonstrated in people who experience nonclinical levels of panic (Richards, Austin, & Alvarenga, 2001), and anxiety sensitivity has been shown to be associated with insecure attachment in adolescents and young adults (Weems, Berman, Silverman, & Saavedra, 2001). This study investigated the relationship between attachment style, anxiety sensitivity and catastrophic misinterpretation among 11 nonclinical panickers and 58 nonanxious controls aged 18 to 19 years. Participants completed the Brief Bodily Sensations Interpretation Questionnaire (BBSIQ), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) and an attachment questionnaire. The hypothesis that insecurely attached individuals would demonstrate greater catastrophic misinterpretation and higher anxiety sensitivity than securely attached individuals was not supported; however, nonclinical panickers gave more anxiety-related interpretations of ambiguous internal stimuli than nonanxious controls. Results do not support the notion that attachment style is related to anxiety sensitivity or catastrophic misinterpretation (regardless of panic experience). Results do, however, support the notion that anxiety-related misinterpretation of ambiguous somatic sensations precedes the onset of panic disorder.

Panic-Relevant Cognitive Processes Among Smokers

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Abrams ◽  
Laura Schlosser ◽  
Kate Leger ◽  
Katelyn Donisch ◽  
Andrew Widmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerabilities ◽  
Acute Withdrawal ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Rebreathing ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Heavy Smokers

To further understand the frequent co-occurrence of smoking and panic disorder (PD), we examined panic-relevant cognitive processes among heavy smokers, half of whom were in 12-hour withdrawal, and nonsmokers. All participants (N = 85) underwent a 5-minute carbon dioxide rebreathing challenge. Prior to the challenge, participants completed questionnaires on reasons for smoking, anxiety sensitivity, and suffocation fear. Results are consistent with a model in which smokers with predisposing risk factors (high anxiety sensitivity and high suffocation fear) misappraise bodily sensations and experience panicky symptoms. No evidence was found that being in acute withdrawal heightened this risk. Overall, findings highlight (a) cognitive vulnerabilities that may place smokers at elevated risk for developing PD and hence (b) potential targets for intervention.

How to Psychologically Minimize Scratching Impulses

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane Sölle ◽  
Theresa Bartholomäus ◽  
Margitta Worm ◽  
Regine Klinger
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Physical Complaints ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Placebo Model

Research in recent years, especially in the analgesic field, has intensively studied the placebo effect and its mechanisms. It has been shown that physical complaints can be efficiently reduced via learning and cognitive processes (conditioning and expectancies). However, despite evidence demonstrating a large variety of physiological similarities between pain and itch, the possible transfer of the analgesic placebo model to itch has not yet been widely discussed in research. This review therefore aims at highlighting potential transfers of placebo mechanisms to itch processes by demonstrating the therapeutic issues in pharmacological treatments for pruritus on a physiological basis and by discussing the impact of psychological mechanisms and psychological factors influencing itch sensations.

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