scholarly journals Principles and techniques towards successful development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for dioxin analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Trace Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Technical Details

Dioxins are highly toxic, persistent and bio-accumulative compounds. Laboratory detection of dioxins in various environmental matrices is one of the most technically demanding and expensive tasks in analytical chemistry.The cost to analyze a soil sample by conventional gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) is approximately $1,900 USC accordign to the Unisted States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (Billets, 2005). As an alternative, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for dioxin analysis has been commercially available for over a decade and recognized as the US EPA Method 3025. However, assay attributes need to be examined, especially at trace level detection. In this study, sources of error in ELISA, such as background contamination and dioxin-like polycholrinated biphenyl (dl-BCB) cross-reactions have been investigated. Quality assurance data on spikes have been reviewed and the recovery was estimated to be 70%. Technical details that are crucial for the performance of dioxin in ELISA were also identified and addressed.

scholarly journals Principles and techniques towards successful development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for dioxin analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Trace Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Technical Details

Dioxins are highly toxic, persistent and bio-accumulative compounds. Laboratory detection of dioxins in various environmental matrices is one of the most technically demanding and expensive tasks in analytical chemistry.The cost to analyze a soil sample by conventional gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) is approximately $1,900 USC accordign to the Unisted States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (Billets, 2005). As an alternative, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for dioxin analysis has been commercially available for over a decade and recognized as the US EPA Method 3025. However, assay attributes need to be examined, especially at trace level detection. In this study, sources of error in ELISA, such as background contamination and dioxin-like polycholrinated biphenyl (dl-BCB) cross-reactions have been investigated. Quality assurance data on spikes have been reviewed and the recovery was estimated to be 70%. Technical details that are crucial for the performance of dioxin in ELISA were also identified and addressed.

scholarly journals Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Antibody to Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease of Deer Virus

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O. Mecham ◽  
Michael M. Jochim
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
The Us ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Infected Cells

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer virus (EHDV). The assay incorporates a monoclonal antibody to EHDV serotype 2 (EHDV-2) that demonstrates specificity for the viral structural protein, VP7. The assay was evaluated with sequential sera collected from cattle experimentally infected with EHDV serotype 1 (EHDV-1) and EHDV-2, as well as the four serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV), BTV-10, BTV-11, BTV-13, and BTV-17, that currently circulate in the US. A competitive and a blocking format as well as the use of antigen produced from both EHDV-1-and EHDV-2-infected cells were evaluated. The assay was able to detect specific antibody as early as 7 days after infection and could differentiate animals experimentally infected with EHDV from those experimentally infected with BTV. The diagnostic potential of this assay was demonstrated with field-collected serum samples from cattle, deer, and buffalo.

scholarly journals Simulation of a biogas cleaning process using different amines

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Sepúlveda ◽  
Luis Eduardo Jaimes ◽  
Leonardo Pacheco ◽  
Carlos Alirio Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Combustible Gases ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Landfill Gas Emissions

The use of biogas generated in landfills has gained importance in developing countries like Colombia. Taking into account that this biogas presents poor combustion properties that make interchangeability with other combustible gases difficult, the elimination of gases and vapors, such as CO2 and H2O, through a cleaning process, in which the biogas is converted to biomethane, improves the biogas properties as a fuel gas for general use. In this work, we simulated the generation of biogas at El Carrasco sanitary landfill in Bucaramanga, using the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) landfill gas emissions model. Additionally, we simulated the biogas cleaning process to extract the remaining moisture using the ProMax software; for this, we used three different amines (MDEA, MEA, and DEA), followed by a glycol dehydration process. The results showed that the amine MEA produced the largest increase in the concentration of CH4 (90.37 %) for the biogas generated in the landfill. Furthermore, dehydration with glycol was an efficient process to obtain a gas with a high percentage of methane (91.47 %) and low water presence (1.27 %); this would allow the use of biomethane in conventional industrial combustion processes and power generation.

scholarly journals Geochemical Behavior of Uranium and Radon in Groundwater of Jurassic Granite Area, Icheon, Middle Korea

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byong Wook Cho ◽  
Chang Oh Choo
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Maximum Contaminant Level ◽  
Contaminant Level ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Independent Behavior ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Uranium concentrations (a total of 82 samples) in groundwater in Icheon, middle Korea, showed a wide range from 0.02 to 1640 μg/L with a mean of 56.77 μg/L, a median of 3.03 μg/L, and a standard deviation of 228.63 μg/L. Most groundwater samples had quite low concentrations: 32.9% were below 1 μg/L, while 15.9% exceeded 30 μg/L, the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of the US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Radon concentrations also ranged widely from 1.48 to 865.8 Bq/L. Although the standard deviation of radon was large (151.8 Bq/L), the mean was 211.29 Bq/L and the median was 176.86 Bq/L. Overall, 64.6% of the samples exceeded the alternative maximum contaminant level (AMCL) of the US EPA (148 Bq/L). According to statistical analyses, there was no close correlations between uranium and radon, but there were correlations between uranium and redox potential (Eh) (−0.54), dissolved oxygen (DO) (−0.50), HCO3− (0.45), Sr (0.65), and SiO2 (−0.44). Radon showed independent behavior with respect to most components in groundwater. Uranium concentrations in groundwater increased with increasing water–rock interactions. Anomalously high uranium and radon concentrations in groundwater are preferentially localized in granite areas and spatial distributions are remarkably heterogeneous.

Enzyme Inhibition and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Methods for Carbamate Pesticide Residue Analysis in Fresh Produce

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1758-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUGENIA KATSOUDAS ◽  
HOSSNY H. ABDELMESSEH
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Carbamate Pesticide

An acetylcholinesterase inhibition method was employed for detection of 21 carbamate pesticides in bananas, peaches, strawberries, and tomatoes. Each of these four agricultural commodities was spiked with 0.1 to 10 ppm of each of the 21 carbamates and individual detection levels were determined. Similar responses and detection limits were observed for all four produce when tested for a given carbamate. The detection levels ranged from 0.1 ppm for carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran to 6 ppm for promecarb and aldicarb sulfoxide. These results are generally at or below the tolerances established by the Environmental Protection Agency for these commodities. Positive samples from the enzyme inhibition screening were also analyzed with the carbaryl-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The detection limits for carbaryl and carbofuran were 2.0 ppb and 8.0 ppb, respectively. The other carbamates did not exhibit cross-reactivity even at high ppb levels. Thus, the enzyme inhibition assay and ELISA are simple and fast screening procedures for the detection of carbamate pesticide residues in food commodities.

Sludge disposal: ethics and expediency

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Vesilind
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Regulatory Decision ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Epa

The United State Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) attempted to set health-based regulations for sludge disposal and used worst-case scenarios to estimate the detrimental health effect. In the absence of adequate information, this exercise led them to err so much on the conservative side that the regulations became unrealistic and would not have been accepted by the public. So the US EPA decided to do what was expedient – to establish regulations that allow most wastewater treatment plants to dispose of their sludges, knowing that these regulations are better than none at all. Such regulatory decision-making has ethical ramifications because it involves distributing costs and benefits between affected citizens. The principle of expediency as articulated by Earle Phelps calls for a regulator to optimize the benefits of health protection while minimizing costs within the constraints of technical feasibility. Phelps' expediency principle, proposed over fifty years ago, is still a useful application of ethics using scientific knowledge to set dynamic and yet enforceable environmental regulations. In the case of sludge disposal, the US EPA made an ethical decision based on the principle of expediency, weighing the moral good of human health protection versus the moral harm of taking wealth by requiring costly wastewater sludge treatment and disposal.

scholarly journals Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the screening of dioxins in fish samples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Yu-Lan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fish Sample ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Screening Technique ◽  
Fish Samples

Dioxins are environmental contaminants that are toxic to humans. The conventional analytical method for dioxins, gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry, is extremely time-consuming and expensive. Research is needed to find alternative methods that will increase sample throughput while decreasing time and costs associated with dioxin detection. Dioxins readily accumulate in fish tissue and fish are a common food source for humans. Thus, the goal of this research was to develop a screening technique for dioxins in fish samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Three approaches, each with a different fish sample purification method but all using ELISA detection, were undertaken. This research concluded that the approach of Florisil cleanup followed by ELISA detection (Florisil-ELISA) was suitable as a screening technique. The other two approaches, one using gel permeation chromatography (GPC-ELISA) and the other using acid silica and carbon columns (acid silica/carbon-ELISA) for fish sample cleanup, were not suitable.

scholarly journals Geochemical Assessment of Trace Metal Distribution and Contamination in the Surface Sediments of the Coast of Okinawa Island, Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ibrahima M'Bemba Diallo ◽  
Hiroaki Ishiga
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Sediment Quality Guideline ◽  
Okinawa Island ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Us ◽  
Quality Guideline ◽  
Us Epa

In this study, sediment samples were collected from the Awase tidal, the Minamigusuku, and Nakagusuku areas located in the Okinawa Island. The collected samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence to determine their geochemical compositions and distribution, and to assess the sediment quality in the study areas. Contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), and the United State Environmental Protection Agency Sediment Quality Guideline (US EPA SQG) were used to assess the sediment quality. The results show that the highest average concentrations of As (11mg/kg), Pb (8 mg/kg), Zn (19 mg/kg), Cu (6 mg/kg), and Cr (14mg/kg) occurred in the Minamigusuku area. The CF and Igeo values, and the US EPA SQG indicate that among the selected trace metals only As displays significant values in the study areas. The CF values of As in the Minamigusuku area show moderate enrichment, and in this same area, the Igeo values of As present significant values, ranging from moderate to considerable contaminations, implying a possible effect on the biota in this location. Compared to the US EPA SQG, the Awase tidal flat and Nakagusuku areas are moderately polluted, whereas Minamigusuku is heavily polluted, suggesting that As may possible impact the biota in these areas. Consequently, for a better sustainable development of the coast of  Okinawa Island , a regular monitoring and assessment of study areas, particularly the Minamigusuku area, is necessary to determine over time the concentration of As.

scholarly journals Leptospirosis Seroconversion Surveillance Among US Marines Assigned to Japan, 2011–2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-Wei Chen ◽  
Zhiwen Zhang ◽  
Tatyana Belinskaya ◽  
Maya Williams ◽  
Wei-Mei Ching
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Military ◽  
Responsible Pathogen

Abstract Introduction: Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease spread through contact with contaminated water/soil. The US soldiers at the military bases in these countries are extremely vulnerable, as most of them are immunologically naïve to the responsible pathogen. No recent sero-epidemiological data of leptospirosis among US Marines stationed in Japan were available. Materials and Methods: In this study, we analyzed the presence of leptospirosis in US Marines stationed in Japan. One thousand posttour sera samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Leptospira-specific Immunoglobulin G. Results: Among these 1,000 posttour samples, 85 of them were positive and corresponding pretour samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay also. Seroconversion occurred for 35 (3.5%) Marines during their assignment to Japan. These results also indicate that 50 Marine personnels were exposed to leptospires before their assignment to Japan, perhaps because of previous exposure to leptospires at home. Conclusion: The 5% rate of seroconversion in 2013 and 2014 suggests that leptospirosis is a potential threat for Marines in the endemic region in Japan.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document