scholarly journals Naturalistic observation of perfectionistic behaviours

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna McCabe-Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Naturalistic Observation ◽  
Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Excessive Reassurance Seeking

Perfectionism plays an important role across psychopathology. However, there are almost no naturalistic studies that examine the function of perfectionistic behaviours in everyday life. The purpose of this study is to examine predictors, contextual triggers, frequency, and outcomes of 10 proposed perfectionistic behaviours across a 14-day monitoring period in a community sample: Overpreparing, repeating behaviours, excessive reassurance seeking, excessive organizing, excessive perseverance, quitting too soon, procrastinating, refusing to delegate, avoiding situations where standards may be threatened, and attempting to change other people’s behaviour. Correlates and predictors of these behaviours and their related features are discussed in the context of previous research that has examined these behaviours in less naturalistic ways. The findings of the present study have implications for future research regarding behavioural manifestations of perfectionism, and may provide clinicians with important information about perfectionistic behaviours. Additionally, findings using new perfectionism measures provide evidence for their utility with nonclinical samples.

scholarly journals Naturalistic observation of perfectionistic behaviours

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna McCabe-Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Naturalistic Observation ◽  
Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Excessive Reassurance Seeking

Perfectionism plays an important role across psychopathology. However, there are almost no naturalistic studies that examine the function of perfectionistic behaviours in everyday life. The purpose of this study is to examine predictors, contextual triggers, frequency, and outcomes of 10 proposed perfectionistic behaviours across a 14-day monitoring period in a community sample: Overpreparing, repeating behaviours, excessive reassurance seeking, excessive organizing, excessive perseverance, quitting too soon, procrastinating, refusing to delegate, avoiding situations where standards may be threatened, and attempting to change other people’s behaviour. Correlates and predictors of these behaviours and their related features are discussed in the context of previous research that has examined these behaviours in less naturalistic ways. The findings of the present study have implications for future research regarding behavioural manifestations of perfectionism, and may provide clinicians with important information about perfectionistic behaviours. Additionally, findings using new perfectionism measures provide evidence for their utility with nonclinical samples.

scholarly journals Predictors of Problematic Smartphone Use: An Examination of the Integrative Pathways Model and the Role of Age, Gender, Impulsiveness, Excessive Reassurance Seeking, Extraversion, and Depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Mitchell ◽  
Zaheer Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Mobile Phone Technology ◽  
Excessive Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Pathways Model

Background: The progression of mobile phone technology has led to the development of multi-functional smartphones providing access to features such as social media, e-mail, and videos alongside the basic functions of a mobile phone. Increasing amounts of research has explored the potential addictive nature of smartphones to develop a theoretical framework that describes personality factors related to problematic use. The present study examined the Integrative Pathways Model and the effect of age, gender, impulsiveness, excessive reassurance seeking, extraversion, and depression on problematic smartphone use. Method: A total of 147 smartphone users (mean age = 30.96, SD = 12.97, 69.4% female) completed an online survey comprising of measures of problematic smartphone use, excessive reassurance seeking, extraversion, depression, and impulsiveness. Results: Age, impulsiveness, excessive reassurance seeking, and depression were all significantly related to problematic smartphone use, however extraversion was not significantly related. Furthermore, age and impulsiveness were significant independent predictors of problematic smartphone use. No gender differences were found. Conclusions: The findings presented several factors that predict problematic smartphone use, implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Collaborative Remembering in Dementia: A Focus on Joint Activities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Christer Hydén ◽  
Mattias Forsblad
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Do So ◽  
Dementia Diseases

In this chapter we consider collaborative remembering and joint activates in everyday life in the case of people living with dementia. First, we review past research of practices that scaffolds the participation of persons with dementia in everyday chores under different stages of dementia diseases. We do so by suggesting three analytical types of scaffolding: when the scaffolding practices (i) frame the activity, (ii) guide actions, or (iii) are part of repair activities. Second, we review two aspects of collaborative remembering that are especially important in the case of dementia: training of scaffolding practices, and the sustaining and presentation of identities through collaborative storytelling. Finally, theoretical and methodological tendencies of the research field are summarized and future research needs are formulated.

scholarly journals Behavioral measures of impulsivity and compulsivity in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nina M. Lutz ◽  
Samuel R. Chamberlain ◽  
Ian M. Goodyer ◽  
Anupam Bhardwaj ◽  
Barbara J. Sahakian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Reversal Task ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Neurocognitive Measures ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Abstract Background Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent among adolescents and research is needed to clarify the mechanisms which contribute to the behavior. Here, the authors relate behavioral neurocognitive measures of impulsivity and compulsivity to repetitive and sporadic NSSI in a community sample of adolescents. Methods Computerized laboratory tasks (Affective Go/No-Go, Cambridge Gambling Task, and Probabilistic Reversal Task) were used to evaluate cognitive performance. Participants were adolescents aged 15 to 17 with (n = 50) and without (n = 190) NSSI history, sampled from the ROOTS project which recruited adolescents from secondary schools in Cambridgeshire, UK. NSSI was categorized as sporadic (1-3 instances per year) or repetitive (4 or more instances per year). Analyses were carried out in a series of linear and negative binomial regressions, controlling for age, gender, intelligence, and recent depressive symptoms. Results Adolescents with lifetime NSSI, and repetitive NSSI specifically, made significantly more perseverative errors on the Probabilistic Reversal Task and exhibited significantly lower quality of decision making on the Cambridge Gambling Task compared to no-NSSI controls. Those with sporadic NSSI did not significantly differ from no-NSSI controls on task performance. NSSI was not associated with behavioral measures of impulsivity. Conclusions Repetitive NSSI is associated with increased behavioral compulsivity and disadvantageous decision making, but not with behavioral impulsivity. Future research should continue to investigate how neurocognitive phenotypes contribute to the onset and maintenance of NSSI, and determine whether compulsivity and addictive features of NSSI are potential targets for treatment.

Excessive Reassurance Seeking, Hassles, and Depressive Symptoms in Children of Affectively Ill Parents: A Multiwave Longitudinal Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Z. Abela ◽  
David C. Zuroff ◽  
Moon-Ho R. Ho ◽  
Philippe Adams ◽  
Benjamin L. Hankin
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Excessive Reassurance Seeking

Rape Disclosure and Depression Among Community Women: The Mediating Roles of Shame and Experiential Avoidance

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1226-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi H. Bhuptani ◽  
Julia S. Kaufman ◽  
Terri L. Messman-Moore ◽  
Kim L. Gratz ◽  
David DiLillo
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Victim Blaming ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Interventions ◽  
Rape Survivors

Many women who disclose a rape encounter victim-blaming responses, which are associated with negative outcomes. The present study examined rape-related shame and experiential avoidance as mediators of the relation between victim-blaming responses to rape disclosure and depression among 103 rape survivors drawn from a community sample. Results revealed that victim-blaming responses were positively associated with depressive symptoms through rape-related shame and experiential avoidance, and shame was indirectly related to depression via avoidance. Findings suggest clinical interventions should focus on rape-related shame and experiential avoidance in targeting depression among rape survivors, and future research should continue to examine how victim-blaming responses to rape disclosure may be related to these factors.

Interpersonal Perspectives on Depression

2016 ◽  
pp. 166-178
Author(s):  
Mark A. Whisman
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Interpersonal Behaviors ◽  
Avoidant Attachment ◽  
Interpersonal Characteristics ◽  
Social Skills Deficits

Humans have an intrinsic need to form and maintain interpersonal relationships. Therefore, difficulties and problems in interpersonal functioning are likely to influence and be influenced by mental health outcomes such as depression. In this chapter, key theories and empirical findings regarding interpersonal perspectives on depression are reviewed. Specifically, the review focuses on problematic interpersonal characteristics and processes (i.e., excessive reassurance seeking and rejection, circumplex models of problematic interpersonal behaviors, interpersonal stress and stress generation, anxious and avoidant attachment, social skills deficits) and poor quality interpersonal relationships (i.e., marriage and intimate relationships, family relationships) that are associated with the onset, severity, and course of depression. Implications of these interpersonal perspectives for the treatment of depression are also reviewed, and suggestions for future research are advanced.

Community standards of deception: Deception is perceived to be ethical when it prevents unnecessary harm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Levine
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Rule ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Community Standards ◽  
Everyday Communication ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

We frequently claim that lying is wrong, despite modeling that it is often right. The present research sheds light on this tension by unearthing systematic cases in which people believe lying is ethical in everyday communication and by proposing and testing a theory to explain these cases. Using both inductive and experimental approaches, I find that deception is perceived to be ethical, and individuals want to be deceived, when deception is perceived to prevent unnecessary harm. I identify eight implicit rules – pertaining to the targets of deception and the topic and timing of a conversation – that clarify systematic circumstances in which deception is perceived to prevent unnecessary harm, and I document the causal effect of each implicit rule on the endorsement of deception. I also explore how perceptions of unnecessary harm influence communicators’ use of deception in everyday life, above and beyond other moral concerns. This research provides insight into when and why people value honesty and paves the way for future research on when and why people embrace deception.

Conclusion and Future Directions

2018 ◽  
pp. 164-176
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cyberbullying Detection

In this chapter, the authors summarize the research performed so far on automatic cyberbullying detection, which was the topic of this book. They summarize all chapters of the book. Next, they propose a general discussion of the potential and limitations of technology-based methods for detecting and preventing cyberbullying. They also ask what the ethical boundaries are for such technology to operate in everyday life. Should we allow constant surveillance for the sake of safety? Should we limit the technology, thus taking away its true problem-solving potential to match our freedom of speech? Or is there a third way in which both the technology is used to meet its potential, while not taking away the feeling of freedom? Let questions which arise during this last chapter become guidelines for future research on automatic detection and mitigation of cyberbullying.

scholarly journals Associations between self-rated physical Health and relationship satisfaction in couples with children

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205510292095952
Author(s):  
Katherine JW Baucom ◽  
Jill Giresi ◽  
Richard E Heyman ◽  
Amy M Smith Slep
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
General Health ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relationship Processes ◽  
Individual Self

The degree to which individual self-rated physical health and concordance of self-rated physical health between partners are associated with relationship satisfaction was examined in a community sample of 399 couples with children. Couples completed self-report assessments of physical health (general health and physical functioning) and relationship satisfaction. Results suggest unique associations between partners’ general health and their own relationship satisfaction. Further, higher between-partner concordance in physical functioning was uniquely associated with higher relationship satisfaction in women. Understanding associations between health and relationship processes is crucial and has implications for future research on couple-based interventions to promote physical health.

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