scholarly journals Chemical Pretreatment And Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Mixed Source-Separated Organic (SSO) And Wood Waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Faye
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Cellulose Solvent ◽  
Hydrolysis Yield ◽  
Lime Pretreatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

This paper examines the effectiveness of two pretreatments on Source-Separated Organic waste (SSO) mixed with wood wastes: long term lime for SSO mixed with forestry waste (hardwoods), and the cellulose solvent-organic lignocellulose fractionation (COSLIF) method, with SSO and demolition waste (softwoods). For long term lime treatment, the highest overall conversions from cellulose to glucose and xylose were 50.4%, and 43.5% respectively. The best temperature found for long term lime pretreatment was 65°C. The COSLIF pretreatment glucose yield was found to be 93.7%. The highest enzyme hydrolysis yield found was 93.5% for a cellulase loading of 30 FPU/g glucan at 50°C. The best hydrolysis yield found at lower loading (10 FPT/g glucan), was 83.5%. At 40 and 50°C, all peak hydrolysis yields were achieved between 12 and 24 hours. A drop in temperature below 40°C caused a slowing of the hydrolysis rate.

scholarly journals Chemical Pretreatment And Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Mixed Source-Separated Organic (SSO) And Wood Waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Faye
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Cellulose Solvent ◽  
Hydrolysis Yield ◽  
Lime Pretreatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

This paper examines the effectiveness of two pretreatments on Source-Separated Organic waste (SSO) mixed with wood wastes: long term lime for SSO mixed with forestry waste (hardwoods), and the cellulose solvent-organic lignocellulose fractionation (COSLIF) method, with SSO and demolition waste (softwoods). For long term lime treatment, the highest overall conversions from cellulose to glucose and xylose were 50.4%, and 43.5% respectively. The best temperature found for long term lime pretreatment was 65°C. The COSLIF pretreatment glucose yield was found to be 93.7%. The highest enzyme hydrolysis yield found was 93.5% for a cellulase loading of 30 FPU/g glucan at 50°C. The best hydrolysis yield found at lower loading (10 FPT/g glucan), was 83.5%. At 40 and 50°C, all peak hydrolysis yields were achieved between 12 and 24 hours. A drop in temperature below 40°C caused a slowing of the hydrolysis rate.

scholarly journals Study of the effect of process parameters on the yield of fermentable sugar from red cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) peels via acid and enzyme hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 061-069
Author(s):  
Onoh Ikechukwu Maxwell ◽  
Anho Lawrence Oghenerivwe ◽  
Egwuagu Onyekachi
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Fermentative Process

The aim of this work is to study the acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of cocoyam peels using HCl, H2S04 acids and cellulase enzyme. The cellulase was secreted from Aspergillus Niger (A. niger) fungi. The proximate analysis of the substrate showed that cocoyam peel is a lignocellulosic biomass with a cellulose composition of 48%. The effect of the process parameters (time, temperature, acid concentration and pH) on the yield of glucose in acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of the cocoyam peel was respectively investigated. Maximum glucose yield of 44.5% was obtained after 3 days of enzymatic hydrolysis at 30°C and pH 5. The HCl acid hydrolysis showed a maximum glucose yield of 27.3% at 70°C, 5% HCl after 180 minutes. The glucose yield in H2S04 hydrolysis was relatively lower than that of the HCl with a maximum yield of 26.5% at 70°C, 5% H2SO4 after 180 minutes. In addition to, the functional groups present in the glucose synthesized from cocoyam ground peels and the standard glucose were evaluated using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR). The FTIR results showed similarities in the functional groups present in both sugars. Cocoyam peel can be used for the production of glucose and further fermentative process to produce ethanol.

scholarly journals Sugar Spectra of Syrups Produced from Different Tuber Starches via Crude Enzymes and Amyloglucosidase Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. p96
Author(s):  
Okafor D.C. ◽  
Agunwah I.M. ◽  
Ezegbe C.C. ◽  
Ekeoma C.L. ◽  
Onuegbu N.C.
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Natural Activity ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Sugar Profile ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Syrup production was done via enzyme hydrolysis. Enzymes used were crude enzymes from malted sorghum, wheat and millet and exogenous enzyme by name amyloglucosidase (AMG) which hydrolyzed Cassava (Manihot esculenta,), water yam (Dioscorea alata) and potato white (Ipomoea batatas L) starches. Syrup sugars were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the sugar profile found are fructose; glucose, sucrose, maltose, D-xylose, and D-Raffinose which manifested as a result of the interaction between starches and enzymes. The sugar Fructose was in the range of 17.34 ± 0.651 g/l to 28.16 ± 0.982 g/l, Glucose sugar was in the range of 6.09 ± 0.165 g/l to 177.04 ± 1.229 g/l. The highest glucose yield (177.04 ± 1.229 g/l) was observed in Cassava starch reaction with the commercial enzyme –AMG. Sucrose content was in the range of 5.78 ± 0.180 g/l to 21.59 ± 0.536 g/l, Maltose (23.71 ± 0.125 g/l to 48.04 ± 0.125 g/l) was the most predominant sugar in all syrups gotten from the starch and crude enzymes interaction. The hydrolysis of starches using different enzyme sources yielded sugar spectra of different sugars concentrations with each starch source predisposed to the natural activity of the enzyme peculiar to their variety or cell structure. D-xylose and D-Raffinose were in the range of 0.004-0.225 g/l which is very small in quantity compared to other sugars seen while no D-stachyose was detected.

scholarly journals Study of the Effect of Process Parameters on the Yield of Fermentable Sugar from Tuber Peels Via Acid and Enzyme Hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Onoh Ikechukwu Maxwell ◽  
Anho Lawrence Oghenerivwe ◽  
Egwuagu Onyekachi
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Fermentative Process ◽  
Water Yam

The aim of this work is to study the acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of water yam peels using HCl, H2S04 acids and cellulase enzyme. The cellulase was secreted from Aspergillus niger (A.niger). The proximate analysis of the substrate showed that water yam peel is a lignocellulosic biomass with a cellulose composition of 48%. The effect of the process parameters (time, temperature, acid concentration and pH) on the yield of glucose in acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of the water yam peel was respectively investigated. Maximum glucose yield of 44.5% was obtained after 3 days of enzymatic hydrolysis at 30°C and pH 5. The HCl acid hydrolysis showed a maximum glucose yield of 27.3% at 70°C, 5% HCl after 180 minutes. The glucose yield in H2S04 hydrolysis was relatively lower than that of the HCl with a maximum yield of 26.5% at 70°C, 5% H2SO4 after 180 minutes. In addition to, the functional groups present in the glucose synthesized from ground water yam peels and the standard glucose were evaluated using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The FTIR results showed similarities in the functional groups present in both sugars. Yam peel can be used for the production of glucose and further fermentative process to produce ethanol.

ENZYME HYDROLYSIS OF PURIFIED HCG

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S219
Author(s):  
Carl Beling ◽  
Ronald Stark
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Novel activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Hydrolysis of cholecystokinin and gastrin analogues with release of the amidated C-terminal dipeptide

1989 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Dubreuil ◽  
P Fulcrand ◽  
M Rodriguez ◽  
H Fulcrand ◽  
J Laur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Rabbit Lung ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme; peptidyl dipeptidase A; EC 3.4.15.1), cleaves C-terminal dipeptides from active peptides containing a free C-terminus. We investigated the hydrolysis of cholecystokinin-8 [CCK-8; Asp-Tyr(SO3H)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2] and of various gastrin analogues by purified rabbit lung ACE. Although these peptides are amidated at their C-terminal end, they were metabolized by ACE to several peptide fragments. These fragments were analysed by h.p.l.c., isolated and identified by comparison with synthetic fragments, and by amino acid analysis. The initial and major site of hydrolysis was the penultimate peptide bond, which generated a major product, the C-terminal amidated dipeptide Asp-Phe-NH2. As a secondary cleavage, ACE subsequently released di- or tri-peptides from the C-terminal end of the remaining N-terminal fragments. The cleavage of CCK-8 and gastrin analogues was inhibited by ACE inhibitors (Captopril and EDTA), but not by other enzyme inhibitors (phosphoramidon, thiorphan, bestatin etc.). Hydrolysis of [Leu15]gastrin-(14-17)-peptide [Boc (t-butoxycarbonyl)-Trp-Leu-Asp-Phe-NH2] in the presence of ACE was found to be dependent on the chloride-ion concentration. Km values for the hydrolysis of CCK-8, [Leu15]gastrin-(11-17)-peptide and Boc-[Leu15]gastrin-(14-17)-peptide at an NaCl concentration of 300 mM were respectively 115, 420 and 3280 microM, and the catalytic constants were about 33, 115 and 885 min-1. The kcat/Km for the reactions at 37 degrees C was approx. 0.28 microM-1.min-1, which is approx. 35 times less than that reported for the cleavage of angiotensin I. These results suggest that ACE might be involved in the metabolism in vivo of CCK and gastrin short fragments.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Southeast Sulawesi Sago Starch

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Ansharullah Ansharullah ◽  
Muhammad Natsir
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Substrate Concentrations ◽  
Menten Constant

The aims of this study were to characterize the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of sago starch, obtained from Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia. The enzyme used for hydrolysis was bacterial ∝-amylase (Termamyl 120L from Bacillus licheniformis, E. C. 3.2.1.1).  The method to determine the initial velocity (Vo) of the hydrolysis was developed by differentiation a nonlinear equation (NLE).  The Vo of the hydrolysis was measured at various pH (6.0, 6.5,and 7.0), temperatures (40, 60, 75 and 95oC), enzyme concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 µg per mL) and in the presence of 70 ppm Ca++. The optimum conditions of this experiment were found to be at pH 6.5 – 7.0 and 75oC, and the Vo increased with increasing enzyme concentration. The Vo values at various substrate concentrations were also determined, which were then used to calculate the enzymes kinetics constant of the hydrolysis, including Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) using a Hanes plot.  Km and Vmax values were found to be higher in the measurement at pH 7.0 and 75oC. The Km values  at four  different combinations of pH and temperatures (pH 6.5, 40oC; pH 6.5, 75oC; pH 7.0, 40oC; pH 7.0, 75oC) were found to be 0.86, 3.23, 0.77 and 3.83 mg/mL, respectively; and Vmax values were 17.5, 54.3, 20.3 and 57.1 µg/mL/min, respectively. The results obtained showed that hydrolysis rate of this starch was somewhat low.

scholarly journals Acid pretreatment and fractionation of source-separated organic waste for lignocellulosic saccharification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana Ehsanipour
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Zymomonas Mobilis ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Cellulose Solvent ◽  
Continuous Bioreactor ◽  
Dilute Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

This study compared two acidic pretreatments on Source-Separated Organic (SSO) waste preprocessed by Aufbereitungs Technology and System thermal-screw, on the basis of fermentable sugars for bioethanol production. The result showed that the SSO contained on average 27% glucan, 5.4% xylan, 1.2% arabinan, 5.7% mannan and 1.2% galactan. Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment (at 121°C and 16.2 psi) was insufficient to solubilize cellulose and hemicellulose and did not remove much of the lignin. Cellulose-solvent and Organic Solvent-based Lignocellulose Fractionation (COSLIF) (at 50°C and atmospheric pressure) generated high glucose yield (70%). Substituting ethanol for acetone as organic solvent increased the yield to 89.5%. Fermentation using Zymomonas mobilis 8b with this hydrolysate confirmed the pretreatment is promising for the SSO conversion. Amenability of the SSO for biofuel production is validated. Enzymatic hydrolysis of both pretreatments using Accellerase 1500 is preferred over Celluclast 1.5L due to higher activity. Future work includes design of an appropriate batch and/or continuous bioreactor, and further understanding of Zymomonas mobilis 8b.

Cold enzyme hydrolysis of wheat starch granules

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Textor ◽  
Gordon A. Hill ◽  
Douglas G. Macdonald ◽  
Earl St. Denis
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Hydrolysis Of
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