scholarly journals Evaluation Of The Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor To Determine Behavioural Effects Of Tributyltin And Atrazine On Daphnia Magna And Hyalella Azteca

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian E. Fleet
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hyalella Azteca ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor

The Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor (MFB) has been identified as a system able to continuously monitor water quality through detection of changes in the movements of biota which may be caused by external stressors. In this study, behavioural changes of Daphnia magna and Hyalella azteca when exposed to tributyltin and atrazine were detected using the MFB. The applicability of the MFB to be used as a monitor of drinking water quality and the usefulness of the organisms in this automated system was determined. Neither contaminant brought about behavioural changes in either organism that were detectable by the MFB. While extensive literature indicated that this system was useful for field applications, this study concluded that the MFB is not yet able to detect contaminants entering a water system using the above test species. Future research is required to examine other species' ability to detect aquatic contaminants and the ability of the MFB to detect such responses.

scholarly journals Evaluation Of The Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor To Determine Behavioural Effects Of Tributyltin And Atrazine On Daphnia Magna And Hyalella Azteca

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian E. Fleet
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hyalella Azteca ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor

The Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor (MFB) has been identified as a system able to continuously monitor water quality through detection of changes in the movements of biota which may be caused by external stressors. In this study, behavioural changes of Daphnia magna and Hyalella azteca when exposed to tributyltin and atrazine were detected using the MFB. The applicability of the MFB to be used as a monitor of drinking water quality and the usefulness of the organisms in this automated system was determined. Neither contaminant brought about behavioural changes in either organism that were detectable by the MFB. While extensive literature indicated that this system was useful for field applications, this study concluded that the MFB is not yet able to detect contaminants entering a water system using the above test species. Future research is required to examine other species' ability to detect aquatic contaminants and the ability of the MFB to detect such responses.

scholarly journals The use of ciliated microeukaryotes and zooplankton in ecotoxicological studies: a look into the future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jéssica Andrade Vilas Boas
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Stressor ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Environmental Concentrations ◽  
Ciliate Species

Aquatic ecosystems have been affected by different human activities (e.g., urbanization, industrial and agricultural activities) and hence, changing the water quality, the process, and function exercised by these environments. The evaluation of water quality through ecotoxicological studies has become an effective tool for understanding the effects of pollutants on biological communities, allowing the measurement of anthropogenic effects on aquatic systems. The use of microeukaryotes ciliates as bioindicators has been identified as a great potential for assessing water quality, however, these organisms are still neglected in ecotoxicological fields being necessary to enlarge the studies with these organisms. Moreover, the interaction effect among more than one environmental stressor (e.g., chemical contaminant, temperature) also needs to be more study due to the complexity of the aquatic ecosystems functioning. In the present study, we demonstrated through three chapters that the microeukaryotes ciliates can be included in the ecotoxicological studies since as long as they are expanded the classical ecotoxicological studies where it is possible to develop standard methods and deepen knowledge. Furthermore, a fourth chapter showed the interaction between more than one environmental stressor could contribute to a biodiversity decline and even, future research should be dedicated to assessing different interactions in the Mediterranean aquatic ecosystems. (Chapter 1) By means of a mini review, and discussed a brief history, the current scenario and pointing out their methodological approaches gaps of the ecotoxicological studies with ciliates. (Chapter 2) Performing a meta-analysis, we assessed the available toxicity data of heavy metals and ciliates. The results showed the tolerance of ciliates to heavy metals varies notably being partly influenced by differences in methodological conditions across studies. Moreover, most ciliates are tolerant to heavy metal pollution than the standard test species used in ecotoxicological risk assessments, i.e., Raphidocelis subcapitata, Daphnia magna, and Onchornyncus mykiss. Finally, this study highlighted the importance of developing standard toxicity test protocols for ciliates, which could lead to a better comprehension of the toxicological impact of heavy metals and other contaminants on ciliate species. (Chapter 3) By means of ecotoxicological tests, this study demonstrated the tolerance of Paramecium caudatum to caffeine. The results showed that this species had higher resistance in the environment. Even, we observed a moderate risk for P. caudatum regarding maximum environmental concentrations of caffeine in surface freshwater being that the global distribution of caffeine and the probability of increasing environmental concentrations highlight the need for more studies to better understand caffeine in aquatic ecosystems and the associated risks. (Chapter 4) Finally, by means of an indoor microcosm experiment, it was demonstrated that the temperature can influence the direct and indirect effects of salinity and pesticides on zooplankton communities in Mediterranean coastal wetlands and highlights vulnerable taxa and ecological responses that are expected to dominate under future global change scenarios.

A Circular Business Model for Cloud Computing Services Providers

10.31355/33 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Hamed Motaghi ◽  
Saeed Nosratabadi ◽  
Thabit Qasem Atobishi
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Computing Services ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Cloud Computing Service

NOTE: THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE INFORMING SCIENCE INSTITUTE. Aim/Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................. The main objective of the current study is to develop a business model for service providers of cloud computing which is designed based on circular economy principles and can ensure the sustainable consumption. Background Even though the demand for cloud computing technology is increasing day by day in all over the world, the current the linear economy principles are incapable to ensure society development needs. To consider the benefit of the society and the vendors at the same time, the principles of circular economy can address this issue. Methodology................................................................................................................................................................................................. An extensive literature review on consumption, sustainable consumption, circular economic, business model, and cloud computing were conducted. the proposed model of Osterwalder, Pigneur and Tucci (2005) is admitted designing the circular business model. Contribution................................................................................................................................................................................................. The proposed model of the study is the contribution of this study where provides the guidelines for the cloud computing service providers to achieve both their economic profits and the society’ needs. Findings Finding reveals that if the cloud computing service providers design their business model based on the “access” principle of circular economy, they can meet their economic profits and the society’ needs at a same time. Recommendations for Practitioners.............................................................................................................................................................. It is recommended to the startup and the existing businesses to utilize the proposed model of this study to reach a sustainable development. Recommendation for Researchers................................................................................................................................................................ It proposes a new circular business model and its linkages with community building. Impact on Society............................................................................................................................................................................................ The proposed model of the study provides guidelines to the cloud computing service providers to design a business model which is able not only to meet their economic profit, but also to meet the society’s and customers’ benefits. Future Research............................................................................................................................................................................................... Future researches can build on this research model which proposed in this study to examine the limitations of this model by using empirical researches.

A Review on Automatic Bill of Material Generation and Visual Inspection on PCBs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhil Azhagan M. S ◽  
Dhwani Mehta ◽  
Hangwei Lu ◽  
Sudarshan Agrawal ◽  
Mark Tehranipoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Bill Of Materials ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Image Analysis Techniques

Abstract Globalization and complexity of the PCB supply chain has made hardware assurance a challenging task. An automated system to extract the Bill of Materials (BoM) can save time and resources during the authentication process, however, there are numerous imaging modalities and image analysis techniques that can be used to create such a system. In this paper we review different imaging modalities and their pros and cons for automatic PCB inspection. In addition, image analysis techniques commonly used for such images are reviewed in a systematic way to provide a direction for future research in this area. Index Terms—Component Detection, PCB, Authentication, Image Analysis, Machine Learning

A Standard Primary Toxicity Bioassay Using Daphnia Magna as a Test Species

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Behie ◽  
J.E. Zajic ◽  
D. Berk ◽  
R.J.P. Brouzes ◽  
V.A. Naish
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Toxicity Bioassay ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Dilution Water

Abstract Although Daphnia magna have been widely used in the determination of the toxicity of various substances, there are no reports in the literature that describe a rigorous bioassay method using this organism as a test species. The test described herein involves the standariza-tion of various important aspects of the method such as the age of the test organisms, and the dilution water used for the preparation of the various toxicant concentrations. Also described is a simple method for the statistical analysis of the results. The sensitivity of the proposed bioassay is demonstrated by determining the toxicity of various pulp and paper effluents. Finally, extensive bioassays were carried out simultaneously with rainbow trout and Daphnia magna indicating that Daphnia are as good a biological indicator of acute toxicity as fish.

Sewers and the Quality of Canals and Ditches in Amsterdam

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jacobs ◽  
J. W. van Sluis
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Water And Sediment Quality

The surface water system of Amsterdam is very complicated. Of two characteristic types of water systems the influences on water and sediment quality are investigated. The importance of the sewer output to the total loads is different for both water systems. In a polder the load from the sewers is much more important than in the canal basin. Measures to reduce the emission from the sewers are much more effective in a polder. The effect of these measures on sediment quality is more than the effect on water quality. Some differences between a combined sewer system and a separate sewer system can be found in sediment quality.

scholarly journals Catchment water quality in the year preceding and immediately following restoration of a drained afforested blanket bog

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. J. Gaffney ◽  
Mark H. Hancock ◽  
Mark A. Taggart ◽  
Roxane Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
Blanket Bog ◽  
Quality Threshold ◽  
Policy Incentives

AbstractThe restoration of drained afforested peatlands, through drain blocking and tree removal, is increasing in response to peatland restoration targets and policy incentives. In the short term, these intensive restoration operations may affect receiving watercourses and the biota that depend upon them. This study assessed the immediate effect of ‘forest-to-bog’ restoration by measuring stream and river water quality for a 15 month period pre- and post-restoration, in the Flow Country peatlands of northern Scotland. We found that the chemistry of streams draining restoration areas differed from that of control streams following restoration, with phosphate concentrations significantly higher (1.7–6.2 fold, mean 4.4) in restoration streams compared to the pre-restoration period. This led to a decrease in the pass rate (from 100 to 75%) for the target “good” quality threshold (based on EU Water Framework Directive guidelines) in rivers in this immediate post-restoration period, when compared to unaffected river baseline sites (which fell from 100 to 90% post-restoration). While overall increases in turbidity, dissolved organic carbon, iron, potassium and manganese were not significant post-restoration, they exhibited an exaggerated seasonal cycle, peaking in summer months in restoration streams. We attribute these relatively limited, minor short-term impacts to the fact that relatively small percentages of the catchment area (3–23%), in our study catchments were felled, and that drain blocking and silt traps, put in place as part of restoration management, were likely effective in mitigating negative effects. Looking ahead, we suggest that future research should investigate longer term water quality effects and compare different ways of potentially controlling nutrient release.

scholarly journals Systematic Design and Evaluation of a Citation Function Classification Scheme in Indonesian Journals

Publications ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Yaniasih Yaniasih ◽  
Indra Budi
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Citation Function ◽  
Compilation Process ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Classifying citations according to function has many benefits when it comes to information retrieval tasks, scholarly communication studies, and ranking metric developments. Many citation function classification schemes have been proposed, but most of them have not been systematically designed for an extensive literature-based compilation process. Many schemes were also not evaluated properly before being used for classification experiments utilizing large datasets. This paper aimed to build and evaluate new citation function categories based upon sufficient scientific evidence. A total of 2153 citation sentences were collected from Indonesian journal articles for our dataset. To identify the new categories, a literature survey was conducted, analyses and groupings of category meanings were carried out, and then categories were selected based on the dataset’s characteristics and the purpose of the classification. The evaluation used five criteria: coherence, ease, utility, balance, and coverage. Fleiss’ kappa and automatic classification metrics using machine learning and deep learning algorithms were used to assess the criteria. These methods resulted in five citation function categories. The scheme’s coherence and ease of use were quite good, as indicated by an inter-annotator agreement value of 0.659 and a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) F1-score of 0.93. According to the balance and coverage criteria, the scheme still needs to be improved. This research data was limited to journals in food science published in Indonesia. Future research will involve classifying the citation function using a massive dataset collected from various scientific fields and published from some representative countries, as well as applying improved annotation schemes and deep learning methods.

scholarly journals Assessing clarity of message communication for mandated USEPA drinking water quality reports

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Phetxumphou ◽  
Siddhartha Roy ◽  
Brenda M. Davy ◽  
Paul A. Estabrooks ◽  
Wen You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water System ◽  
System Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Index Index ◽  
State Of The Science

The United States Environmental Protection Agency mandates that community water systems (CWSs), or drinking water utilities, provide annual consumer confidence reports (CCRs) reporting on water quality, compliance with regulations, source water, and consumer education. While certain report formats are prescribed, there are no criteria ensuring that consumers understand messages in these reports. To assess clarity of message, trained raters evaluated a national sample of 30 CCRs using the Centers for Disease Control Clear Communication Index (Index) indices: (1) Main Message/Call to Action; (2) Language; (3) Information Design; (4) State of the Science; (5) Behavioral Recommendations; (6) Numbers; and (7) Risk. Communication materials are considered qualifying if they achieve a 90% Index score. Overall mean score across CCRs was 50 ± 14% and none scored 90% or higher. CCRs did not differ significantly by water system size. State of the Science (3 ± 15%) and Behavioral Recommendations (77 ± 36%) indices were the lowest and highest, respectively. Only 63% of CCRs explicitly stated if the water was safe to drink according to federal and state standards and regulations. None of the CCRs had passing Index scores, signaling that CWSs are not effectively communicating with their consumers; thus, the Index can serve as an evaluation tool for CCR effectiveness and a guide to improve water quality communications.

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