scholarly journals Natural zeolite removal capacity of heavy metallic ions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Lidia Alaica-Ciosek ◽  
Grace Luk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Component System ◽  
Intelligent Process ◽  
System Prototype ◽  
Process Controls

Our ecosystem is at risk by many anthropogenic activities, which include the release of industrial wastewater effluents laden with toxic heavy metals. There is a long history and a continued demand for proper evaluation and predication of water quality and management, in order to protect surrounding water resources and all living species. Undeniably, these pollutants (heavy metallic ions; HMIs) are a detrimental threat, and must be removed by advanced treatment technology prior to discharge. One such strategy would be by the process of sorption (adsorption/ion-exchange), which has advanced among researchers. Zeolites in particular have attracted researchers’ interests, being a naturally abundant, cost-effective mineral, with high cation exchange capacity and selectivity of certain metals. They are considered as a strong candidate for the removal of HMIs, and hold the potential for regeneration, recovery and reuse in pertinent industrial applications. This study investigates the sorption process by natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) of HMIs that are commonly found in industrial wastewater effluent, namely lead (Pb2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe3+), nickel (Ni2+) and zinc (Zn2+). The HMIs are combined in acidic, synthetic simple-solute solutions of various (single-, dual-, triple-, multi-) component systems, in a controlled environment for improved quantification and identification of the important trends; in order to address existing limitations in multi-component system research. The analytical methodology of ICP-AES was employed for all quantitative detection and analyses. The project consists of four phases in the analysis of: (1) the effects of preliminary parameters and operative conditions (particle size, sorbent-to-sorbate dosage, influent concentration, contact time, set-temperature, and heat pre-treatment), (2) HMIs component system combinations and selectivity order, (3) kinetic modelling trends, and (4) the design of a packed, fixed-bed, dual-column sorption treatment system prototype. Under the testing conditions, this study demonstrates a strong correlation with the pseudosecond- order kinetic model in batch-mode analysis, as well as a relationship among the empty bed contact time, breakthrough capacity, and usage rate in continuous-mode investigations. A key sorption trend among the HMIs selected is well-established in all four phases as Pb2+>>Fe3+>Cu2+> Zn2+>>Ni2+; providing significant validation of this experimental design. The system prototype is a platform for the advancement of intelligent process controls. It is envisaged that this research will provide essential information to the industrial wastewater treatment industry for the design and implementation of innovative zeolite-based sorption technology. Keywords: Natural Zeolite; Clinoptilolite; Heavy Metallic Ions; Sorption Capacity; Adsorption; Ion-Exchange; Removal Efficiency; Operation Parameters; Selectivity; Kinetic Modelling; Packed Fixed-Bed Columns; ICP-AES; Automated Design; Intelligent Process Controls Platform.

scholarly journals Natural zeolite removal capacity of heavy metallic ions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Lidia Alaica-Ciosek ◽  
Grace Luk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Component System ◽  
Intelligent Process ◽  
System Prototype ◽  
Process Controls

Our ecosystem is at risk by many anthropogenic activities, which include the release of industrial wastewater effluents laden with toxic heavy metals. There is a long history and a continued demand for proper evaluation and predication of water quality and management, in order to protect surrounding water resources and all living species. Undeniably, these pollutants (heavy metallic ions; HMIs) are a detrimental threat, and must be removed by advanced treatment technology prior to discharge. One such strategy would be by the process of sorption (adsorption/ion-exchange), which has advanced among researchers. Zeolites in particular have attracted researchers’ interests, being a naturally abundant, cost-effective mineral, with high cation exchange capacity and selectivity of certain metals. They are considered as a strong candidate for the removal of HMIs, and hold the potential for regeneration, recovery and reuse in pertinent industrial applications. This study investigates the sorption process by natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) of HMIs that are commonly found in industrial wastewater effluent, namely lead (Pb2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe3+), nickel (Ni2+) and zinc (Zn2+). The HMIs are combined in acidic, synthetic simple-solute solutions of various (single-, dual-, triple-, multi-) component systems, in a controlled environment for improved quantification and identification of the important trends; in order to address existing limitations in multi-component system research. The analytical methodology of ICP-AES was employed for all quantitative detection and analyses. The project consists of four phases in the analysis of: (1) the effects of preliminary parameters and operative conditions (particle size, sorbent-to-sorbate dosage, influent concentration, contact time, set-temperature, and heat pre-treatment), (2) HMIs component system combinations and selectivity order, (3) kinetic modelling trends, and (4) the design of a packed, fixed-bed, dual-column sorption treatment system prototype. Under the testing conditions, this study demonstrates a strong correlation with the pseudosecond- order kinetic model in batch-mode analysis, as well as a relationship among the empty bed contact time, breakthrough capacity, and usage rate in continuous-mode investigations. A key sorption trend among the HMIs selected is well-established in all four phases as Pb2+>>Fe3+>Cu2+> Zn2+>>Ni2+; providing significant validation of this experimental design. The system prototype is a platform for the advancement of intelligent process controls. It is envisaged that this research will provide essential information to the industrial wastewater treatment industry for the design and implementation of innovative zeolite-based sorption technology. Keywords: Natural Zeolite; Clinoptilolite; Heavy Metallic Ions; Sorption Capacity; Adsorption; Ion-Exchange; Removal Efficiency; Operation Parameters; Selectivity; Kinetic Modelling; Packed Fixed-Bed Columns; ICP-AES; Automated Design; Intelligent Process Controls Platform.

scholarly journals Kinetic modelling of the removal of multiple heavy metallic ions from mine waste by natural zeolite sorption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Ciosek ◽  
Grace K. Luk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Component System ◽  
Multi Component System

This study investigates the sorption of heavy metallic ions (HMIs), specifically lead (Pb2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe3+), nickel (Ni2+) and zinc (Zn2+), by natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). These HMIs are combined in single-, dual-, triple-, and multi-component systems. The batch mode experiments consist of a total initial concentration of 10 meq/L normality for all systems, acidified to a pH of 2 by concentrated nitric (HNO3) acid. A zeolite dosage of 4 g per 100 mL of synthetic nitrate salt aqueous solution is applied, for a contact period of 5 to 180 min. Existing kinetic models on HMIs sorption are limited for multi-component system combinations. Therefore, this study conducts kinetic analysis by both reaction and diffusion models, to quantify the sorption process. The study concludes that the process correlates best with the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model. In the multi- component system combining all five HMIs, the initial sorption rate and theoretical equilibrium capacity are determined as 0.0033 meq/g.min and 0.1159 meq/g, respectively. This provides significant insight into the mechanisms associated with the sorption process, as well as contributing to the assessment of natural zeolite as a sorbent material in its application in industrial wastewater treatment. Keywords: sorption; kinetics; modelling; natural zeolite; heavy metallic ions; ICP-AES

scholarly journals Kinetic modelling of the removal of multiple heavy metallic ions from mine waste by natural zeolite sorption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Ciosek ◽  
Grace K. Luk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Component System ◽  
Multi Component System

This study investigates the sorption of heavy metallic ions (HMIs), specifically lead (Pb2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe3+), nickel (Ni2+) and zinc (Zn2+), by natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). These HMIs are combined in single-, dual-, triple-, and multi-component systems. The batch mode experiments consist of a total initial concentration of 10 meq/L normality for all systems, acidified to a pH of 2 by concentrated nitric (HNO3) acid. A zeolite dosage of 4 g per 100 mL of synthetic nitrate salt aqueous solution is applied, for a contact period of 5 to 180 min. Existing kinetic models on HMIs sorption are limited for multi-component system combinations. Therefore, this study conducts kinetic analysis by both reaction and diffusion models, to quantify the sorption process. The study concludes that the process correlates best with the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model. In the multi- component system combining all five HMIs, the initial sorption rate and theoretical equilibrium capacity are determined as 0.0033 meq/g.min and 0.1159 meq/g, respectively. This provides significant insight into the mechanisms associated with the sorption process, as well as contributing to the assessment of natural zeolite as a sorbent material in its application in industrial wastewater treatment. Keywords: sorption; kinetics; modelling; natural zeolite; heavy metallic ions; ICP-AES

scholarly journals An innovative dual-column system for heavy metallic ion sorption by natural zeolite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Ciosek ◽  
Grace K. Luk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Sorption System ◽  
Column System ◽  
In Series

This study investigates the design and performance of a novel sorption system containing natural zeolite. The apparatus consists of packed, fixed-bed, dual-columns with custom automated controls and sampling chambers, connected in series and stock fed by a metering pump at a controlled adjustable distribution. The purpose of the system is to remove heavy metallic ions predominately found in acid mine drainage, including lead (Pb2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe3+), nickel (Ni2+) and zinc (Zn2+), combined in equal equivalence to form an acidified total 10 meq/L aqueous solution. Reported trends on the zeolite’s preference to these heavy metallic ions is established in the system breakthrough curve, as Pb2+ >> Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ >> Ni2+. Within a 3-h contact period, Pb2+ is completely removed from both columns. Insufficient Ni2+ removal is achieved by either column with the promptest breakthrough attained, as zeolite demonstrates the least affinity towards it; however, a 48.97% removal is observed in the cumulative collection at the completion of the analysis period. The empty bed contact times for the first and second columns are 20 and 30 min, respectively; indicating a higher bed capacity at breakthrough and a lower usage rate of the zeolite mineral in the second column. This sorption system experimentally demonstrates the potential for industrial wastewater treatment technology development. Keywords: zeolite; sorption; packed fixed-bed columns; heavy metallic ions; automated sampling design

scholarly journals Kinetic modelling for heavy metal adsorption using Jordanian low cost natural zeolite (fixed bed column study)

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyad Al Dwairi ◽  
Waid Omar ◽  
Sura Al-Harahsheh
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Thomas Model ◽  
Lithium Ions

Low cost Jordanian natural zeolite (ANZ1 and ANZ2) of type phillipsite-chabazite obtained from Jabal al Ataitahat south Jordan were tested experimentally as adsorbent material for the removal of lead (Pb) and lithium (Li) ions from the effluent industrial wastewater streams. The experimental breakthrough curves were obtained from fixed bed experiments and analysed using the Thomas and Yoon and Nelson kinetic models to evaluate the adsorbent performance. The rate constants for the Thomas model for the removal of lead ions using the adsorbents ANZ2 and ANZ1 were 0.201 and 0.2345 mL/min/mg, respectively. The Thomas model adsorption capacity for the removal of lead ions using the adsorbents ANZ2 and ANZ1 were 34.7 and 23.64 mg/g, respectively. The estimated rate constants for the Yoon and Nelson model for the two ANZ2 and ANZ1 were 0.038 and 0.05 min–1, respectively. The kinetic data fitted well to both models. The rate constants for the Thomas model for the removal of lithium ions using the adsorbents ANZ1 and ANZ2 were 0.134 and 0.1005 mL/min/mg, respectively, where the Thomas model adsorption capacity for the removal of lithium ions using the adsorbents ANZ1 and ANZ2 were 18.65 and 21.43 mg/g, respectively.

scholarly journals An innovative dual-column system for heavy metallic ion sorption by natural zeolite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Ciosek ◽  
Grace K. Luk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Sorption System ◽  
Column System ◽  
In Series

This study investigates the design and performance of a novel sorption system containing natural zeolite. The apparatus consists of packed, fixed-bed, dual-columns with custom automated controls and sampling chambers, connected in series and stock fed by a metering pump at a controlled adjustable distribution. The purpose of the system is to remove heavy metallic ions predominately found in acid mine drainage, including lead (Pb2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe3+), nickel (Ni2+) and zinc (Zn2+), combined in equal equivalence to form an acidified total 10 meq/L aqueous solution. Reported trends on the zeolite’s preference to these heavy metallic ions is established in the system breakthrough curve, as Pb2+ >> Fe3+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ >> Ni2+. Within a 3-h contact period, Pb2+ is completely removed from both columns. Insufficient Ni2+ removal is achieved by either column with the promptest breakthrough attained, as zeolite demonstrates the least affinity towards it; however, a 48.97% removal is observed in the cumulative collection at the completion of the analysis period. The empty bed contact times for the first and second columns are 20 and 30 min, respectively; indicating a higher bed capacity at breakthrough and a lower usage rate of the zeolite mineral in the second column. This sorption system experimentally demonstrates the potential for industrial wastewater treatment technology development. Keywords: zeolite; sorption; packed fixed-bed columns; heavy metallic ions; automated sampling design

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of the Sulfur-Impregnated Natural Zeolite Clinoptilolite for Hg(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Marin Ugrina ◽  
Martin Gaberšek ◽  
Aleksandra Daković ◽  
Ivona Nuić
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid Liquid

Sulfur-impregnated zeolite has been obtained from the natural zeolite clinoptilolite by chemical modification with Na2S at 150 °C. The purpose of zeolite impregnation was to enhance the sorption of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. Chemical analysis, acid and basic properties determined by Bohem’s method, chemical behavior at different pHo values, zeta potential, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as thermogravimetry with derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) were used for detailed comparative mineralogical and physico-chemical characterization of natural and sulfur-impregnated zeolites. Results revealed that the surface of the natural zeolite was successfully impregnated with sulfur species in the form of FeS and CaS. Chemical modification caused an increase in basicity and the net negative surface charge due to an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups as well as a decrease in specific surface area and crystallinity due to the formation of sulfur-containing clusters at the zeolite surface. The sorption of Hg(II) species onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite was affected by the pH, solid/liquid ratio, initial Hg(II) concentration, and contact time. The optimal sorption conditions were determined as pH 2, a solid/liquid ratio of 10 g/L, and a contact time of 800 min. The maximum obtained sorption capacity of the sulfur-impregnated zeolite toward Hg(II) was 1.02 mmol/g. The sorption mechanism of Hg(II) onto the sulfur-impregnated zeolite involves electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation, accompanied by co-precipitation of Hg(II) in the form of HgS. It was found that sulfur-impregnation enhanced the sorption of Hg(II) by 3.6 times compared to the natural zeolite. The leaching test indicated the retention of Hg(II) in the zeolite structure over a wide pH range, making this sulfur-impregnated sorbent a promising material for the remediation of a mercury-polluted environment.

Selective removal and recovery of phosphate in a novel fixed-bed process

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongye Zhao ◽  
Arup K. Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Selective Removal ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Chelating Polymer ◽  
Efficient Regeneration ◽  
Polymeric Ligand ◽  
Removal And Recovery

This paper reports salient features of a new fixed-bed sorption process in regard to ultimate removal and recovery of phosphate from municipal and industrial wastewater. The sorbent, referred to as polymeric ligand exchanger(PLE), is essentially a copper(II) loaded specialty chelating polymer. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that the PLE: can remove phosphate selectively from municipal and synthetic wastewater; is amenable to efficient regeneration; and provides opportunities to recover phosphate and reuse the spent regenerant for multiple numbers of cycles.

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