scholarly journals Survival and migration of rock ptarmigan in central Scandinavia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlend B. Nilsen ◽  
Pål Fossland Moa ◽  
Henrik Brøseth ◽  
Hans Chr. Pedersen ◽  
Bjørn Roar Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Rock Ptarmigan ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lagopus Muta ◽  
And Migration

In a world undergoing massive declines in the distribution and abundance of many wildlife species, documenting basic ecological characteristics is often needed to be able to understand and potentially mitigate current and future pressures. Species living in alpine areas might be particularly vulnerable to climate change, in part because they are less likely to be able to migrate to new suitable areas. Here we report from a two year case study of rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) in central Scandinavia. Ptarmigan were captured in winter (n=84), and fitted with radio collars. We estimated the natural survival from mid-winter to late summer to be 0.55 (SE: 0.07), with no distinct differences between juveniles and adults, sex, or between the two years. Natural survival through late winter (February – April) was estimated at 0.77 (SE: 0.05), survival trough breeding season May-July at 0.65 (SE: 0.08), and harvest mortality through the February winter harvest at 9% (SE: 3%). Moreover, we documented large scale movement from the wintering grounds before the breeding season in the spring. The longest recorded movement was 79.5 km, and the mean distance from the capture site for birds still in the sample in May-July was 20.3 (SD: 18) km. We discuss the implications of the results in terms of ongoing climate change.

scholarly journals Social Media in and Around a Temporary Large-Scale Refugee Shelter in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512110249
Author(s):  
Peer Smets ◽  
Younes Younes ◽  
Marinka Dohmen ◽  
Kees Boersma ◽  
Lenie Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Top Down ◽  
And Migration

During the 2015 refugee crisis in Europe, temporary refugee shelters arose in the Netherlands to shelter the large influx of asylum seekers. The largest shelter was located in the eastern part of the country. This shelter, where tents housed nearly 3,000 asylum seekers, was managed with a firm top-down approach. However, many residents of the shelter—mainly Syrians and Eritreans—developed horizontal relations with the local receiving society, using social media to establish contact and exchange services and goods. This case study shows how various types of crisis communication played a role and how the different worlds came together. Connectivity is discussed in relation to inclusion, based on resilient (non-)humanitarian approaches that link society with social media. Moreover, we argue that the refugee crisis can be better understood by looking through the lens of connectivity, practices, and migration infrastructure instead of focusing only on state policies.

scholarly journals Predicting Shifts in Land Suitability for Maize Cultivation Worldwide Due to Climate Change: A Modeling Approach

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Anyu Zhang ◽  
Yaojie Yue ◽  
Jing’ai Wang ◽  
Peng Su
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Large Scale Screening ◽  
Selection Of

Suitable land is an important prerequisite for crop cultivation and, given the prospect of climate change, it is essential to assess such suitability to minimize crop production risks and to ensure food security. Although a variety of methods to assess the suitability are available, a comprehensive, objective, and large-scale screening of environmental variables that influence the results—and therefore their accuracy—of these methods has rarely been explored. An approach to the selection of such variables is proposed and the criteria established for large-scale assessment of land, based on big data, for its suitability to maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation as a case study. The predicted suitability matched the past distribution of maize with an overall accuracy of 79% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.72. The land suitability for maize is likely to decrease markedly at low latitudes and even at mid latitudes. The total area suitable for maize globally and in most major maize-producing countries will decrease, the decrease being particularly steep in those regions optimally suited for maize at present. Compared with earlier research, the method proposed in the present paper is simple yet objective, comprehensive, and reliable for large-scale assessment. The findings of the study highlight the necessity of adopting relevant strategies to cope with the adverse impacts of climate change.

scholarly journals A Critical Analysis of the Drivers of Human Migration Patterns in the Presence of Climate Change: A New Conceptual Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6036
Author(s):  
Rebecca Parrish ◽  
Tim Colbourn ◽  
Paolo Lauriola ◽  
Giovanni Leonardi ◽  
Shakoor Hajat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Literature ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Health Progress ◽  
And Migration

Both climate change and migration present key concerns for global health progress. Despite this, a transparent method for identifying and understanding the relationship between climate change, migration and other contextual factors remains a knowledge gap. Existing conceptual models are useful in understanding the complexities of climate migration, but provide varying degrees of applicability to quantitative studies, resulting in non-homogenous transferability of knowledge in this important area. This paper attempts to provide a critical review of climate migration literature, as well as presenting a new conceptual model for the identification of the drivers of migration in the context of climate change. It focuses on the interactions and the dynamics of drivers over time, space and society. Through systematic, pan-disciplinary and homogenous application of theory to different geographical contexts, we aim to improve understanding of the impacts of climate change on migration. A brief case study of Malawi is provided to demonstrate how this global conceptual model can be applied into local contextual scenarios. In doing so, we hope to provide insights that help in the more homogenous applications of conceptual frameworks for this area and more generally.

scholarly journals Brief Communication: An update of the article "Modelling flood damages under climate change conditions – a case study for Germany"

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1617-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Fokko Hattermann ◽  
Shaochun Huang ◽  
Olaf Burghoff ◽  
Peter Hoffmann ◽  
Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Impact Modelling ◽  
Flood Damages

Abstract. In our first study on possible flood damages under climate change in Germany, we reported that a considerable increase in flood-related losses can be expected in a future warmer climate. However, the general significance of the study was limited by the fact that outcome of only one global climate model (GCM) was used as a large-scale climate driver, while many studies report that GCMs are often the largest source of uncertainty in impact modelling. Here we show that a much broader set of global and regional climate model combinations as climate drivers show trends which are in line with the original results and even give a stronger increase of damages.

scholarly journals Large-scale flood hazard assessment under climate change: A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 105765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Shadmehri Toosi ◽  
Shahab Doulabian ◽  
Erfan Ghasemi Tousi ◽  
Giancarlo Humberto Calbimonte ◽  
Sina Alaghmand
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flood Hazard Assessment

The rumenitis and liver abscess complex and vitamin A status in beef cattle

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
A. C. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intensively Managed

SUMMARYThe seasonal incidence of rumen and liver lesions is recorded in traditional and in intensively managed cattle, together with the vitamin A status of the two groups. Rumen lesions were observed to reach a peak in the late winter and early spring in traditional cattle, at which time the liver vitamin A levels fell to the lowest point; liver lesions reached a peak in the late summer. No specific trend was observable in rumen and liver lesions in the barley beef group. The mean levels of vitamin A were approximately one-third of those shown by the traditionally managed animals.It did not prove possible using the agglutination test to identify the sera of animals showing active hepatic necrobacillosis at the time of slaughter.

scholarly journals Leishmaniasis and Climate Change—Case Study: Argentina

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Daniel Salomón ◽  
María Gabriela Quintana ◽  
Andrea Verónica Mastrángelo ◽  
María Soledad Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Vector Borne

Vector-borne diseases closely associated with the environment, such as leishmaniases, have been a usual argument about the deleterious impact of climate change on public health. From the biological point of view interaction of different variables has different and even conflicting effects on the survival of vectors and the probability transmission of pathogens. The results on ecoepidemiology of leishmaniasis in Argentina related to climate variables at different scales of space and time are presented. These studies showed that the changes in transmission due to change or increase in frequency and intensity of climatic instability were expressed through changes in the probability of vector-human reservoir effective contacts. These changes of contact in turn are modulated by both direct effects on the biology and ecology of the organisms involved, as by perceptions and changes in the behavior of the human communities at risk. Therefore, from the perspective of public health and state policy, and taking into account the current nonlinear increased velocity of climate change, we concluded that discussing the uncertainties of large-scale models will have lower impact than to develop-validate mitigation strategies to be operative at local level, and compatibles with sustainable development, conservation biodiversity, and respect for cultural diversity.

scholarly journals Brief Communication: An update of the article "Modeling flood damages under climate change conditions – a case study for Germany"

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 7231-7245
Author(s):  
F. F. Hattermann ◽  
S. Huang ◽  
O. Burghoff ◽  
P. Hoffmann ◽  
Z. W. Kundzewicz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Flood Damages

Abstract. In our first study on possible flood damages under climate change in Germany, we reported that a considerable increase in flood related losses can be expected in future, warmer, climate. However, the general significance of the study was limited by the fact that outcome of only one Global Climate Model (GCM) was used as large scale climate driver, while many studies report that GCM models are often the largest source of uncertainty in impact modeling. Here we show that a much broader set of global and regional climate model combinations as climate driver shows trends which are in line with the original results and even give a stronger increase of damages.

scholarly journals Influence of Varieties and Seasons upon the Mineral Nutrient Levels, of Coffee Leaves from Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Leaf Composition

Twenty-six young coffee trees grown under shade in an acid upland soil of 2 farms were selected representing 3 varieties and 2 yield-groups. The yield data were recorded for the crop harvested in the fall of 1962 from 15 highyielding and 11 low-yielding trees. Young leaves from each tree were sampled in the late summer of 1961 and in the late winter of 1962. The following 10 essential plant nutrients were determined: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, B, Zn, and Cu; as well as 2 nonessential elements, Na and Al. The yield and leaf-composition data were analyzed statistically. The high-yielding trees produced 2.6 times as much coffee as the lowyielding ones, a highly significant difference. There was no significant difference between the mean yields of the varieties. "Highly significant" or "significant" mean differences were obtained in all the essential nutrients except zinc, in the coffee leaves, between varieties; in the nutrients: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and B, between seasons; and only in Ca and Mg between yield-groups. The acid soil, Alonso clay, is high in exchangeable manganese and in aluminum; the coffee trees used here also contained high Mn and Al in their leaves.

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