scholarly journals In vitro growth response to bacterial wilt pathogen of banana (var. lakatan, Musa acuminata Colla) plantlets regenerated from ethyl methanesulfonate-treated shoot explants

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Nonna Fatima Abello ◽  
Tessie Nuñez
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
In Vitro Inoculation ◽  
The Many

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum leads to death of infected suckers and reduces the yield of commercially important banana varieties like Lakatan. Among the many varieties of banana, no germplasm with bacterial wilt resistance has been identified yet (Tripathi et al 2004). Mutation induction in plants to develop disease resistance genes using physical or chemical mutagens has been used as alternative to harmful pesticides. To induce mutation for the possible development of resistance to bacterial wilt, shoot tips of Stage 2 in vitro-grown Lakatan plantlets were exposed to 0.1% and 0.2% ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) for 12 and 24h. Treated and untreated explants were cultured in-vitro to regenerate plantlets. Shoots emerged two days after in vitro inoculation of explants treated with – 0.1% EMS for 12h. Significantly longer shoots also developed from the cultures compared to the untreated explants. The other explants exposed to other treatments had shoot emergence one to three days later. Falcate, curled, irregularly-shaped, and yellowish leaves and pseudostems also developed in EMS-treated cultures. Untreated plantlets exhibited at least one bacterial wilt symptom such as leaf spots, necrosis at pseudostem base, and death six days from the introduction of Ralstonia solanacearum in vitro. Plantlets from explants exposed to 0.1% EMS for 12h did not exhibit disease symptoms even after ten days of exposure to the pathogen and had 100% survival. Seventy one percent of plantlets from explants exposed to 0.1% EMS for 24h and 55% from explants treated with 0.2% EMS for 24h also survived without infection. The surviving plantlets need to be studied further for their ex vitro responses to the pathogen and determine possible genetic changes due to the chemical mutagen treatment.

scholarly journals Streptomyces sp.: Characterization, Identification and Its Potential as a Ralstonia solanacearum Biological Control Agent in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachmad Saputra ◽  
Triwidodo Arwiyanto ◽  
Arif Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Wide Range

Streptomyces sp. bacteria have the potential to produce antibiotic compounds, which are one of the mechanisms that are widely used in biological control. However, in general, biological control mechanisms also occur through competition, cell wall degradation and induced resistance. This study was aimed to determine the physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of two isolates of Streptomyces sp. (S-4 and S16 isolates) isolated from the tomatoes roots, and to find out their ability to control Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt disease on a wide range of hosts. The results showed both Streptomyces sp. isolates had several different physiological and biochemical characteristics and had a different ability to inhibit R. solanacearum in vitro. Streptomyces sp. S-16 isolate had a high similarity with Streptomyces diastaticus subsp. ardesiacus strain NRRL B-1773T based on the molecular identification results. Further research needs to be done to see the potential inhibition of the two Streptomyces isolates in inhibiting the development of bacterial wilt disease in tomato plants caused by R. solanacearum.

scholarly journals Type III Secretion–Dependent and –Independent Phenotypes Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Arabidopsis Roots

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibin Lu ◽  
Saul Lema A ◽  
Marc Planas-Marquès ◽  
Alejandro Alonso-Díaz ◽  
Marc Valls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Root Hair Formation ◽  
Set Up

The causal agent of bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum, is a soilborne pathogen that invades plants through their roots, traversing many tissue layers until it reaches the xylem, where it multiplies and causes plant collapse. The effects of R. solanacearum infection are devastating, and no effective approach to fight the disease is so far available. The early steps of infection, essential for colonization, as well as the early plant defense responses remain mostly unknown. Here, we have set up a simple, in vitro Arabidopsis thaliana–R. solanacearum pathosystem that has allowed us to identify three clear root phenotypes specifically associated to the early stages of infection: root-growth inhibition, root-hair formation, and root-tip cell death. Using this method, we have been able to differentiate, on Arabidopsis plants, the phenotypes caused by mutants in the key bacterial virulence regulators hrpB and hrpG, which remained indistinguishable using the classical soil-drench inoculation pathogenicity assays. In addition, we have revealed the previously unknown involvement of auxins in the root rearrangements caused by R. solanacearum infection. Our system provides an easy-to-use, high-throughput tool to study R. solanacearum aggressiveness. Furthermore, the observed phenotypes may allow the identification of bacterial virulence determinants and could even be used to screen for novel forms of early plant resistance to bacterial wilt.

scholarly journals Effect of Allium fistulosum Extract on Ralstonia solanacearum Populations and Tomato Bacterial Wilt

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péninna Deberdt ◽  
Benjamin Perrin ◽  
Régine Coranson-Beaudu ◽  
Pierre-François Duyck ◽  
Emmanuel Wicker
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Tomato Bacterial Wilt

To control bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum, phylotype IIB/4NPB), the antimicrobial effect of Allium fistulosum aqueous extract was assessed as a preplant soil treatment. Three concentrations of extract (100, 50, and 25%, 1:1 [wt/vol]) were evaluated by in vitro inhibition assay and in vivo experiments in a growth chamber. In vitro, A. fistulosum (100 and 50%) suppressed growth of R. solanacearum. Preplant treatment of the soil with A. fistulosum extract significantly reduced the R. solanacearum populations. No pathogen was detected in the soil after treatment with 100% concentrated extract from the third day after application until the end of the experiment. A. fistulosum also significantly reduced the incidence of tomato bacterial wilt. In the untreated control, the disease affected 61% of the plants whereas, with 100 and 50% extracts, only 6 and 14% of the plants, respectively, were affected. These results suggest that A. fistulosum extracts could be used in biocontrol-based management strategies for bacterial wilt of tomato.

scholarly journals Biological control of Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith), the causal pathogen of bacterial wilt disease by using Pantoea spp

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr ◽  
Sabry A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽  
Tomato Root

Abstract Background Bacterial wilt of tomato (BWP) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) is a very important disease. Biological control of this disease is a very important tool to protect the plant and environment from pollution of chemical control. Results Twenty isolates of genus, Pantoea were isolated from healthy tomato root. Out of 20 isolates, 2 strains, PHYTPO1 and PHYTPO2, showed highly antagonistic property to control the growth of R. solanacearum in vitro conditions. They were identified as P. agglomerans by using 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence analysis. The 2 isolates were selected to study their effect (as cell suspension or culture filtrate) on the bacterial wilt under greenhouse conditions. PHYTPO1 inhibited maximum growth reduction of R. solanacearum and formed 2.5 cm2 of inhibition zone, followed by 1.2 cm2 in PHYTOPO2 under in vitro conditions. Treating with both isolates of P. agglomerans was significantly reduced disease severity of tomato wilt disease. The disease severity was reduced to 74.1 when treated as cell suspension, while when treated as culture filtrate, it reduced the disease severity up to 69.4 than infected control. Conclusion The strains of Pantoea can be used as an ecofriendly method to control of the most economic pathogen of tomato under greenhouse conditions. Further study is needed to find an appropriate formulation and approving application of these bacteria under field conditions.

scholarly journals In Vitro Mutation Induction of Saintpaulia Using Ethyl Methanesulfonate

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 981-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Yi Fang ◽  
Siguina Traore
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Chemical Mutagen ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulphonate ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Variegated Leaf

This study has been performed to investigate the efficiency of the chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) to induce mutations in Saintpaulia. In vitro leaf sections of Saintpaulia cv. Crystobal were exposed to various EMS treatments at 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% for 30, 60, 120, and 240 min after which adventitious shoots were recovered from the treated explants. Shoots producing at least six leaves were induced to root and the resulting plantlets were transplanted to soil. A total of 1838 plantlets was grown to flowering stage and 10 mutants were identified. Four of the mutants were variegated leaf chimeras and the remaining six presented variations at the level of flower color and/or fringe. Results in the present study showed the efficiency of EMS to induce in vitro mutation of Saintpaulia and the method can be used in the future to assist breeding in this popular ornamental plant.

scholarly journals Phytobiocidal management of bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseerud Din ◽  
Musharaf Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Siddique ◽  
Asad Ali ◽  
Ishrat Naz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Tagetes Patula

Phytobiocides are a good alternative to chemicals in managing bacterial diseases including bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In the present research study, finely ground dried powders of seven widely available medicinal plants/weeds species viz., Peganum harmala (esfand or wild rue), Calotropis procera (sodom apple), Melia azedarach (white cedar), Allium sativum (garlic), Adhatoda vasica (malabar nut), Tagetes patula (marigold) and Nerium oleander (oleander) were assessed for their anti-microbial activity, both in-vitro (10% w/v) and in-vivo (10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg of potted soil) against R. solanacearum. Aqueous extracts (prepared as 10% w/v, soaking for 48-72 h and filtering) of C. procera, A. vasica, and T. patula inhibited the in-vitro growth of the bacterial pathogen over 60% of that produced by the standard antibiotic streptomycin. A. sativum, N. oleander and P. harmala aqueous extracts were less effective while M. azedarach showed no effect against R. solanacearum. The higher dose (40 g/kg of soil) of C. procera, A. vasica and T. patula decreased disease severity quite effectively and increased yield and plant growth characters as much as the standard antibiotic did. No phytotoxicity of medicinal plants powder was observed on tomato plants. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids were detected in the aqueous extracts of T. patula and A. vasica whereas C. procera was found to have only alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Our data suggest that dried powders of T. patula, C. procera and A. vasica (40 g/kg of soil) could be used as an effective component in the integrated disease management programs against bacterial wilt of tomato.

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