Complex of structures for utilization of saline drain flow

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Igor' Kontorovich
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Drain Flow

The article describes a complex of structures for utilization of saline drain flow on account to pre-accumulation and intensified evaporation of drainage water, concentration and use of concentrated brines and sedimentary salts. Intensification of evaporation is provided by increasing the water temperature and the area of the evaporating surface as a result of aeration with preheated air.

Evaluation of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) for Southern Ontario: Part I. Sensitivity Analysis, Calibration, and Validation

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmed ◽  
Ramesh Rudra ◽  
Kevin McKague ◽  
Bahram Gharabaghi ◽  
John Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Drain Flow ◽  
Fitting Parameters ◽  
Zone Water

Abstract This study focuses on the performance of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) for corn production in southern Ontario. The model was used to simulate the amount of subsurface tile drainage, residual soil nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), NO3-N in subsurface drainage water, and crop yield. A precalibration sensitivity analysis of the model was conducted for several key parameters using field data collected at the study site. The RZWQM's hydrology component was most sensitive to the Brooks and Corey fitting parameters and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), while the tile drain flow and the water table depth were sensitive to the Brooks and Corey fitting parameters of bubbling pressure (ψbp) and pore-size-distribution index (λ). The fraction of dead-end pores had relatively little effect on tile drain N loss. The crop yield is most affected by N uptake, age, and evapotranspiration rate. RZWQM simulated evapotranspiration was within the range (568 ± 55 mm) of the observed evapotranspiration. The model simulated corn yield very well (-0.1% difference) at the calibration site; however, it underestimated yield (-14.1%) at the validation site. Overall, the RZWQM simulated tile drain flow, NO3-N loss to tile drainage water, and crop yield with reasonable accuracy, but tended to underestimate the amount of soil NO3-N (mean deviation, -0.971). The inability of the model to handle the spatial and temporal variability of the soil may have affected its prediction accuracy. The model also needs improvement in simulating early spring snowmelt hydrology.

Drainage water temperature as a basis for verifying drainage runoff composition on slopes

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 3204-3215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonín Zajíček ◽  
Tomáš Kvítek ◽  
Markéta Kaplická ◽  
František Doležal ◽  
Zbyněk Kulhavý ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Drainage Water

scholarly journals Development and Sensitivity Analysis of an Online Tool for Evaluating Drainage Water Recycling Decisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1991-2002
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Reinhart ◽  
Jane R. Frankenberger ◽  
Christopher H. Hay ◽  
Laura C. Bowling ◽  
Benjamin G. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Global Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Drain Flow ◽  
Crop Coefficients

HighlightsA modeling framework for drainage water recycling (DWR) was developed to estimate irrigation and water quality benefits.Global sensitivity analysis was used to identify most and least influential input parameters affecting model outputs.Parameters controlling total available water had the most influence on applied irrigation and captured tile drain flow.The modeling framework and sensitivity results were used to develop an open-source, online tool for evaluating DWR.Abstract. The U.S. Midwest is experiencing growth in both irrigation and subsurface (tile) drainage. Capturing, storing, and reusing tile drain water, a practice called drainage water recycling (DWR), represents a strategy for supporting supplemental irrigation while also reducing nutrient loads in tile-drained landscapes. This article describes the development and testing of an open-source online tool, Evaluating Drainage Water Recycling Decisions (EDWRD), which integrates soil and reservoir water balances for a tile-drained field and estimates potential benefits of DWR systems across multiple reservoir sizes. Irrigation benefits are quantified by applied irrigation and its relation to the irrigation demand, while water quality benefits are quantified by the amount and percentage of tile drain flow captured by the reservoir. Global sensitivity analysis identified input parameters affecting total available water as the most influential factors in estimating outputs. Initial and mid-season crop coefficients, irrigation management, and reservoir seepage rates were also influential. Curve number, fraction of wetted surface during irrigation, crop coefficients for the end of crop growth and frozen soil conditions, and the non-growing season residue amount were identified as low-sensitivity parameters. Results from the sensitivity analysis were used to prioritize and simplify user interaction with the tool. EDWRD represents the first open-source tool capable of evaluating DWR systems and can be used by multiple user groups to estimate the potential irrigation and water quality benefits of this innovative practice. Keywords: Drainage water recycling, Dual crop coefficient, Open-source model, Sensitivity analysis, Subsurface drainage, Supplemental irrigation.

scholarly journals The content of Pb, Zn and Cd in hydroameliorated soil and drainage water and their uptake by plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
I. Šimunić ◽  
F. Tomić ◽  
I. Kisić ◽  
M. Romić
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Surface Soil Layer

The goal of the investigations was to assess the average contents of heavy metals (Pb, Zn and Cd) in the surface soil layer (0&ndash;30 cm), in drainage water and their uptake by growing plants, in the experimental amelioration field for four different variants of drainpipe spacing (15, 20, 25 and 30 m) during the three-year period. Maize and winter wheat were grown in all variants throughout the trial period. In all variants of drainpipe spacing, heavy metals in soil, drainage water and plant material were within the limits. The highest average level of Pb was 13.5 mg/kg, Zn 88 mg/kg&nbsp;and Cd 0.7 mg/kg&nbsp;in soil. Drainage water concentration of heavy metals was below 50&nbsp;&micro;g/dm<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;for Pb, below 2&nbsp;&micro;g/dm<sup>3</sup> for Cd, while the highest average value of Zn amounted to 20 &micro;g/dm<sup>3</sup>. In grain of the crops grown, the concentration of Pb was below 0.4 mg.kg&ndash;1&nbsp;and that of Cd below 0.1 mg/kg.

Impacts of drainage water management on subsurface drain flow, nitrate concentration, and nitrate loads in Indiana

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 474-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Adeuya ◽  
N. Utt ◽  
J. Frankenberger ◽  
L. Bowling ◽  
E. Kladivko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Drain Flow ◽  
Drainage Water Management

The diatoms as a component of bottom algocenoses in the mouth of the Oka River

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander G. Okhapkin ◽  
Tabet Hhedairia
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Preliminary Estimation ◽  
Composition And Structure

The preliminary estimation of composition and structure of diatoms in the benthos of the Oka River allowed to determine the clear spatiotemporal confinedness of structure in such communities of them which has the most diverse composition in the low water period while water temperature decreasing.

Incubation Temperature Influences the Duration of Egg Hatching and Early Development in the Boreal Digging Frog, Kaloula Borealis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. ACCEPTED
Author(s):  
Rho-Jeong Rae
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hatching Rates

This study investigated the boreal digging frog, Kaloula borealis, to determine the egg hatching period and whether the hatching period is affected by incubation temperature. The results of this study showed that all the eggs hatched within 48 h after spawning, with 28.1% (±10.8, n=52) hatching within 24 h and 99.9% (±0.23, n=49) within 48 h after spawning. A significant difference was noted in the mean hatching proportion of tadpoles at different water temperatures. The mean hatching rates between 15 and 24 h after spawning was higher at a water temperature of 21.1 (±0.2) °C than at 24.1 (±0.2) °C. These results suggest that incubation temperature affected the early life stages of the boreal digging frog, since they spawn in ponds or puddles that form during the rainy season.

Development of a Sensor Network for Continuous Water-temperature Evaluation

2014 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-417
Author(s):  
Teruichi Ogata ◽  
Shinichi Sugawara ◽  
Yoshinobu Maeda ◽  
Hideo Makino
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Sensor Network

NITROGEN CYCLES IN CROP ROTATIONS DIFFERING IN FERTILIZATION

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulius GUŽYS ◽  
Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Cereal Crop

The use of nitrogen fertilizer is becoming a global problem; however continuous fertilization with nitrogen ensures large and constant harvests. An 8 year research (2006–2013) was conducted to evaluate the relationships between differently fertilized cultivated plant rotations. The research was conducted in Lipliunai (Lithuania) in the agroecosystem with nitrogen metabolism in fields with deeper carbonaceous soil, i.e. Endocalcari Endohypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-n-w-can). The research area covered three drained plots where crop rotation of differently fertilized cereals and perennial grasses was applied. Samples of soil, water and plants were investigated in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University certified by the Environment Ministry of the Republic of Lithuania. The greatest productivity was found in a crop rotation with higher fertilization (N32-140). In crop rotation with lower fertilization (N24-90) productivity of cereals and perennial grasses (N0-80) was 11–35 % lower. The highest amount of mineral soil nitrogen was found in cereal crop rotation with higher fertilization. It was influenced by fertilization and crop productivity. The lowest Nmin and Ntotal concentrations in drainage water were found in grasses crop rotation. Crop rotations of differently fertilized cereals increased nitrogen concentration in drainage water. Nmin concentration in water depended on crop productivity, quantity of mineral soil nitrogen, fertilization, and nitrogen balance. The lowest nitrogen leaching was found in the crop rotation of grasses. Cereal crop rotation increased nitrogen leaching by 12–42 %. The usage of all crop rotations resulted in a negative nitrogen balance, which essentially depended on fertilization with nitrogen fertilizer.

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