ACCORDANCE OF THE QUALITY OF 250 GRAM IVORY CARTON PACKING BASED ON INDONESIAN NATIONAL STANDARD (SNI) DUPLEX CARTON

Ivory paperboard is a type of cardboard consisting of 2 or more layers and is commonly used for primary packaging. The formulation of the research problem is how the process of testing the properties of 250-gram ivory paperboard and the results of testing the properties of ivory paperboard based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for duplex cardboard. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of the physical properties, opacities, and chemical properties of 250-gram ivory paperboard and to determine the suitability of the paperboard that was tested with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for duplex cardboard. The research method used in this research is the quantitative method and testing method based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 0123: 2008 Duplex Carton. Based on test data obtained by ivory paperboard 250 grams, gramatur 247,573 gr / m2, mass density 766,479 kg / m3, pull resistance (picking) in good condition, oil penetration 7,852, water absorption 29.54 gr / m2, properties folds on MD (not broken), CD (broken), degree of whiteness (brightness) 82.52%, sheet composition on the top layer (chemical layer), the water content of 5.22%. So from the income, 250-gram ivory paperboard is in accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 0123: 2008 Duplex cardboard.Keywords— Ivory paperboard, Print quality properties, Indonesian National Standard 0123:2008 Duplex Carton.

SCAT Delineation of Oiling, Cleanup Verification, Chemical Sampling, Coring, and Mangrove Test Planting, Bodo, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria

The Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique (SCAT) was effectively applied from 2015 to 2019 during the first stage (Phase 1) of assessment and cleanup of 1000 ha (2471 acres) of intertidal dead mangroves and oiled shorelines in Bodo, Eastern Niger Delta. New SCAT methods and Phase 1 cleanup criteria were developed to delineate oil levels very soft intertidal mud and to monitor clean up efforts. The end goal of Phase 1 was to reduce subsurface oiling less than 35% as visually observed on the water infilling a pit 25–40 cm deep. Oiling levels and cleanup status were documented at 1065 locations with heaviest oil concentrations found in soft muds lining the intertidal channels (2 m tide range). A large-scale chemical sampling program provided contemporaneous pit observations and measured hydrocarbons at 0–5 cm and 15–25 cm depths at 322 sites. There was poor conformance between hydrocarbon analyses and SCAT observations for surface sediments, but better conformance with subsurface chemistry as black and / or brown oil was clearly visible in the pits. Results of SCAT observations and chemical sampling show very high variations throughout the spill affected area and over short distances (5–10 m). A coring study at 30 sites to 2–3 m depths with chemical sampling indicated that oiling is primarily restricted to the upper 40 cm due to water saturated compact deeper sediments inhibiting oil penetration with depth. Lastly, SCAT developed and monitored a mangrove planting program. In spite of high oil levels (TPH over 40,000 at 6 of 7 sites), results from the first year show plant survival at 82% with 46% height growth of the surviving plants. The SCAT Phase 1 findings enabled the definition of the wider scope for remediation and revegetation of the former mangrove areas and will run through the life-cycle of the clean-up project. However, re-pollution remains a challenge to be managed to achieve success.

Moving Particle Semi-implicit Method in Simulating Water-Oil Penetration

In this study, the simulation of water-oil penetration has been performed by using the MPS method. The MPS method has been utilized to simulate the two-dimensional water-oil penetration and to observe the interaction of those liquids. This water-oil penetration phenomenon can be applied to the case of nuclear reactors. This study was performed to observe the liquid flow motion and its interaction between two different immiscible liquids with experiment and simulation. The obtained results of MPS method show an acceptable agreement with the experiment results. Those obtained results explain that the MPS method used in this study has a good enough capability to simulate the water-oil penetration phenomenon, which can be implemented in analyzing the melted reactor core.

Evaluasi Kinerja Campuran Beraspal dengan Bitumen Hasil Ekstraksi Penuh dari Asbuton

Asbuton is a natural rock asphalt that can be found on the island of Buton in Southeast Sulawesi province, has a large deposits but not yet well utilized. This research aims to find out the performance of asphalt mixtures AC-WC (Asphaltic Concrete Wearing Course) and HRS-WC (Hot Rolled Sheet Wearing Course) using bitumen results from full extraction of asbuton. The research was done by experimental methods through laboratory tests then its performance was compared to convensional mixtures using asphalt oil with penetration grade of 60. The results obtained showed that the bitumen of asbuton did not meet the specification of bitumen based on penetration grade. Characteristics of hot mixture asphalt using bitumen of asbuton showed better performance in terms of the Marshall stability namely 1871 kg higher than the convensional hotmixture of asphalt, with 1100 kg for AC-WC and 1241.9 kg compared with 1094 kg for HRS-WC. In addition, the results of deformation resistance tests showed asphalt mix with pure asbuton more resistant to rutting shown by higher dynamic stability value namely 4200 track/mm compared with 492 track/mm for AC-WC and 2739 track/mm compared with 325 track/mm. The modulus resilient value of mix with pure asbuton is also higher at temperature of 25°C and relatively the sameat temperatures of 35°C and 45°C. While the resistance of fatigue for AC-WC and HRS-WC on the test tensile strain of 150 µs were relatively the same as hotmix asphalt using asphalt oil penetration grade of 60, but on test of a larger tensile strain has worse fatigue resistance, especially for AC-WC.