Market projections of cellulose nanomaterial-enabled products - Part 2: Volume estimates

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN COWIE ◽  
E.M. (TED) BILEK ◽  
THEODORE H. WEGNER ◽  
JO ANNE SHATKIN
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Novel Applications

Nanocellulose has enormous potential to provide an important materials platform in numerous product sectors. This study builds on previous work by the same authors in which likely high-volume, low-volume, and novel applications for cellulosic nanomaterials were identified. In particular, this study creates a transparent methodology and estimates the potential annual tonnage requirements for nanocellulose in the previously identified applications in the United States (U.S.). High, average, and low market penetration estimates are provided for each application. Published data sources of materials use in the various applications provide the basis for estimating nanocellulose market size. Annual U.S. market potential for high-volume applications of nanocellulose is estimated at 6 million metric tons, based on current markets and middle market penetration estimates. The largest uses for nanocellulose are projected to be in packaging (2.0 million metric tons), paper (1.5 million metric tons), and plastic film applications (0.7 million metric tons). Cement has a potential nanocellulose market size of over 4 million metric tons on a global basis, but the U.S. market share estimated for cement is 21,000 metric tons, assuming market penetration is initially limited to the ultra-high performance concrete market. Total annual consumption of nanocellulose for low-volume applications is less than 10% of the high-volume applications. Estimates for nanocellulose use in emerging novel applications were not made because these applications generally have yet to come to market. The study found that the majority of the near-term market potential for nanocellulose appears to be in its fibrillar versus crystalline form. Market size estimates exceed three prior estimates for nanocellulose applications, but the methodologies for those studies are not transparent.

Market projections of cellulose nanomaterial-enabled products ? Part 1: Applications

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
JO ANNE SHATKIN ◽  
THEODORE H. WEGNER ◽  
E.M. (TED) BILEK ◽  
JOHN COWIE
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Cellulose Nanomaterials ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Market Volume

Nanocellulose provides a new materials platform for the sustainable production of high-performance nano-enabled products in an array of applications. In this paper, potential applications for cellulose nanomaterials are identified as the first step toward estimating market volume. The overall study, presented in two parts, estimates market volume on the basis of estimated tonnage of cellulose nanomaterials rather than the dollar value of production or profits from production. In this paper, we first identified potential uses from literature, presentations, and patent reviews, and then categorized these under the broad headings of high-volume, low-volume, and emerging/novel applications. For each application, the rationale for using nanocellulose is explained. The companion paper, Part 2, explains the assumptions and calculation of application-specific market estimates. High- and low-volume consumption applications of cellulose nanomaterials were identified from published data as well as expert input. We categorized potential market sizes as high or low by considering applications where cellulose nanomaterials would replace existing materials and be used at a published or estimated rate for some fraction of an entire existing market. Novel applications for cellulose nanomaterials that are presently considered niche markets are also identified, but volumes were not estimated because of a lack of published supporting data. Annual U.S. market potential for identified applications of nanocellulose is estimated as 6.4 million metric tons, with a global market potential of 35 million metric tons. The greatest volume potential for use of cellulose nanomaterials is currently in paper and packaging applications. Other potentially high-volume uses are in the automotive, construction, personal care, and textile sectors.

scholarly journals Effect of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets on Physical Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete with High Volume Supplementary Cementitious Materials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-You Wu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Changjiang Liu ◽  
Zhoulian Zheng ◽  
Paul Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽  
Steam Curing ◽  
Slump Flow

Nanomaterials have been increasingly employed for improving the mechanical properties and durability of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) with high volume supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Recently, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets have appeared as one of the most promising nanomaterials for enhancing the properties of cementitious composites. To date, a majority of studies have concentrated on cement pastes and mortars with fewer investigations on normal concrete, ultra-high strength concrete, and ultra-high-performance cement-based composites with a high volume of cement content. The studies of UHPC with high volume SCMs have not yet been widely investigated. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the mini slump flow and physical properties of such a UHPC containing GO nanosheets at additions from 0.00 to 0.05% by weight of cement and a water–cement ratio of 0.16. The study demonstrates that the mini slump flow gradually decreases with increasing GO nanosheet content. The results also confirm that the optimal content of GO nanosheets under standard curing and under steam curing is 0.02% and 0.04%, respectively, and the corresponding compressive and flexural strengths are significantly improved, establishing a fundamental step toward developing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly UHPC for more sustainable infrastructure.

Experimental Study on Workability and Strength of Green High Performance Concrete with High Volume Fly Ash

2013 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Qiang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Water Binder Ratio

A great deal of experiments have been carried out in this study to reveal the effect of the water-binder ratio and fly ash content on the workability and strengths of GHPC (green high performance concrete). The workability of GHPC was evaluated by slump and slump flow. The strengths include compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. The results indicate that the increase of water-binder ratio can improve the workability of GHPC, however the strengths of GHPC were decreased with the increase of water-binder ratio. When the fly ash content is lower than 40%, the increase in fly ash content has positive effect on workability of GHPC, while the workability begins to decrease after the fly ash content is more than 40%. The addition of fly ash in GHPC has adverse effect on the strengths, and there is a tendency of decrease in the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of GHPC with the increase of fly ash content.

Increasing treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms at high-volume centers in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb B. Leake ◽  
Waleed Brinjikji ◽  
David F. Kallmes ◽  
Harry J. Cloft
Keyword(s):  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
High Volume ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ruptured Aneurysms ◽  
Patient Admissions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Low Volume

Object Evidence of better outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage treated at higher-volume centers might be expected to result in more of these patients being referred to such centers. The authors evaluated the US National Inpatient Sample for the years 2001 to 2008 for trends in patient admissions for the treatment of ruptured aneurysms at high- and low-volume centers. Methods The authors determined the number of ruptured aneurysms treated with clipping or coiling annually at low-volume (≤ 20 patients/year) and high-volume (> 20 patients/year) centers and also counted the number of high- and low-volume centers performing each treatment. Hospitalizations for clipping or coiling ruptured aneurysms were identified by cross-matching International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes for the diagnosis of a ruptured aneurysm (ICD-9-CM 430) with procedure codes for clipping (ICD-9-CM 39.51) or coiling (ICD-9-CM 39.52, 39.79, or 39.72) cerebral aneurysms. Results In 2001, 31% (435 of 1392) of the patients who underwent clipping and 0% (0 of 122 patients) of those who underwent coiling did so at high-volume centers, whereas in 2008 these numbers increased to 62% (627 of 1016) and 68% (917 of 1351) of patients, respectively. For clipping procedures, the number of low-volume centers significantly declined from 177 in 2001 to 85 in 2008, whereas the number of high-volume centers remained constant at 13–15. For coiling procedures, the number of low-volume centers decreased from 62 in 2001 to 54 in 2008, whereas the number of high-volume centers substantially increased from 0 in 2001 to 16 in 2005 and remained constant thereafter. Conclusions The treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms increasingly occurs at high-volume centers in the US. This trend is favorable given that better outcomes are associated with the treatment of these lesions at high-volume centers.

From the Counting House to the Modern Office: Explaining Anglo-American Productivity Differences in Services, 1870–1990

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Broadberry ◽  
Sayantan Ghosal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aggregate Productivity ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Hierarchical Management

The United States overtook Britain in comparative aggregate productivity levels primarily as a result of trends in services rather than trends in industry. This occurred during the transition from customized, low-volume, high-margin business organized on the basis of networks to standardized, high-volume, low-margin business with hierarchical management from the 1870s. This transformation from the counting house to the modern office was dependent on technologies that improved communications and information processing. The technologies were slower to diffuse in Britain as a result of lower levels of education and stronger labor-force resistance to intensification.

Unchanged safety outcomes in deep brain stimulation surgery for Parkinson disease despite a decentralization of care

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1546-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. McGovern ◽  
John P. Sheehy ◽  
Brad E. Zacharia ◽  
Andrew K. Chan ◽  
Blair Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Deep Brain

Object Early work on deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery, when procedures were mostly carried out in a small number of high-volume centers, demonstrated a relationship between surgical volume and procedural safety. However, over the past decade, DBS has become more widely available in the community rather than solely at academic medical centers. The authors examined the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to study the safety of DBS surgery for Parkinson disease (PD) in association with this change in practice patterns. Methods The NIS is a stratified sample of 20% of all patient discharges from nonfederal hospitals in the United States. The authors identified patients with a primary diagnosis of PD (332.0) and a primary procedure code for implantation/replacement of intracranial neurostimulator leads (02.93) who underwent surgery between 2002 and 2009. They analyzed outcomes using univariate and hierarchical, logistic regression analyses. Results The total number of DBS cases remained stable from 2002 through 2009. Despite older and sicker patients undergoing DBS, procedural safety (rates of non-home discharges, complications) remained stable. Patients at low-volume hospitals were virtually indistinguishable from those at high-volume hospitals, except that patients at low-volume hospitals had slightly higher comorbidity scores (0.90 vs 0.75, p < 0.01). Complications, non-home discharges, length of hospital stay, and mortality rates did not significantly differ between low- and high-volume hospitals when accounting for hospital-related variables (caseload, teaching status, location). Conclusions Prior investigations have demonstrated a robust volume-outcome relationship for a variety of surgical procedures. However, the present study supports safety of DBS at smaller-volume centers. Prospective studies are required to determine whether low-volume centers and higher-volume centers have similar DBS efficacy, a critical factor in determining whether DBS is comparable between centers.

scholarly journals Scenario-based Cost Analysis for Vegetable Grafting Nurseries of Different Technologies and Sizes

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 917-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myles Lewis ◽  
Chieri Kubota ◽  
Russell Tronstad ◽  
Young-Jun Son
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
High Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
High Volume Production ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Low Volume

Grafting of fruiting vegetables is a relatively new advent in the United States with promise as a technology to improve both yields and the environment. However, investing in a commercial-sized grafting enterprise requires substantial capital investment and is a risky endeavor. A tool to help evaluate grafting costs for different production technologies and sizes of operation is a useful decision aid for individuals investing in new or modifying existing operations to produce grafted plants. Using a combination of engineering and financial equations, a scenario-based analysis was completed to obtain approximate capital and variable costs per plant for both new and existing production facilities. For exemplary purposes, four scenarios consisting of two different crops (tomato and watermelon) at two production sizes with different technology levels [low-volume manual grafting (one million plants per year) and high-volume fully automated grafting (100 million plants per year)] are presented to compare costs. For simplification purpose, consistent weekly production was assumed in the cost simulation. Total capital costs were $115,127 and $118,974 for low-volume production for grafted tomato and watermelon plants, respectively. They were $21.6 million and $16.7 million under high-volume production for tomato and watermelon, respectively. Among the four scenarios evaluated, variable costs per plant (costs of plants produced) were lowest for watermelons with high-volume production ($0.089 per plant), suggesting that production costs of grafted plants could decrease by scaling up production and introducing automation. Sensitivity analyses for high-volume production of tomato showed that the electricity rate, grafting clip price, and grafting robot speed were factors with the greatest influence on costs of plants. Scenario-based cost analysis was shown to be an effective tool for developing strategies to reduce the price of grafted plants.

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