Lignocellulose fibers elaborating super-swollen three-dimensional cellulose hydrogels from solution in N,N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Mikhailidi ◽  
Shahriar Karim Saurov ◽  
Seppo Anderson ◽  
Nina Kotelnikova
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Gelation Mechanism ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Lignocellulose Fibers

Super-swollen hydrogels were prepared in vitro from lignocelluloses of various origins via direct dissolving in N,N-dimethylacetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc/LiCl) followed by regeneration from solutions. The hydrogels retained a large amount of water (up to 2500 wt%) and had high porosity and specific surface areas. Superabsorbance of the hydrogels was confirmed with a wide angle X-ray scattering method. The hydrogels seem to be smart matters due to PH-dependent behavior by swelling and pH change experiments. The gelation mechanism includes spontaneous self-assembly from the solutions in DMAc/LiCl, due to the reconstruction of new hydrogen bond webs between lignocellulose chains and water. The hydrogels exhibited high stability but their morphology changed while drying due to water removal and the collapse of the H-bonds.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

scholarly journals In vitro Self-Assembly of Human Pericyte-Supported Endothelial Microvessels in Three-Dimensional Coculture: A Simple Model for Interrogating Endothelial-Pericyte Interactions

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Waters ◽  
M.S. Kluger ◽  
M. Graham ◽  
W.G. Chang ◽  
J.R. Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Three Dimensional

Zeolitic Host–Guest Interactions and Building Blocks for the Self-Assembly of Complex Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bein
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Catalyst Systems

AbstractOrdered nanoscale pore systems such as those represented by zeolites offer many opportunities for the design of complex functional systems via self-assembly.With their large internal surface areas and tunable, well-defined crystalline pore structures that allow molecular sieving and ion exchange, zeolites can be adapted for numerous applications. The nanoscale reactors present in zeolite pore systems have been explored as structural templates for the spatial organization of numerous guests. Examples from various fields are discussed, such as the stabilization of organic dyes for the construction of energy transfer and storage systems, the construction of host–guest hybrid catalyst systems, and the encapsulation of conducting or semiconducting nanoscale wires and clusters. More complex, hierarchical forms of nanostructured matter become accessible when zeolite crystals are used as building blocks for the selfassembly of thin films or three-dimensional objects. A combination of weaker and stronger interactions ranging from dispersive forces, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions to covalent bonding can be used to build functional hierarchical constructs. Several examples and novel applications of such systems will be discussed, including oriented channel systems, chemical sensors, and hierarchical pore systems for catalytic reactions.

scholarly journals An Individual Patient's “Body” on Chips—How Organismoid Theory Can Translate Into Your Personal Precision Therapy Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Marx ◽  
Enrico Accastelli ◽  
Rhiannon David ◽  
Hendrik Erfurth ◽  
Leopold Koenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Human Organ ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Precision Therapy

The first concepts for reproducing human systemic organismal biology in vitro were developed over 12 years ago. Such concepts, then called human- or body-on-a-chip, claimed that microphysiological systems would become the relevant technology platform emulating the physiology and morphology of human organisms at the smallest biologically acceptable scale in vitro and, therefore, would enable the selection of personalized therapies for any patient at unprecedented precision. Meanwhile, the first human organoids—stem cell-derived complex three-dimensional organ models that expand and self-organize in vitro—have proven that in vitro self-assembly of minute premature human organ-like structures is feasible, once the respective stimuli of ontogenesis are provided to human stem cells. Such premature organoids can precisely reflect a number of distinct physiological and pathophysiological features of their respective counterparts in the human body. We now develop the human-on-a-chip concepts of the past into an organismoid theory. We describe the current concept and principles to create a series of organismoids—minute, mindless and emotion-free physiological in vitro equivalents of an individual's mature human body—by an artificially short process of morphogenetic self-assembly mimicking an individual's ontogenesis from egg cell to sexually mature organism. Subsequently, we provide the concept and principles to maintain such an individual's set of organismoids at a self-sustained functional healthy homeostasis over very long time frames in vitro. Principles how to perturb a subset of healthy organismoids by means of the natural or artificial induction of diseases are enrolled to emulate an individual's disease process. Finally, we discuss using such series of healthy and perturbed organismoids in predictively selecting, scheduling and dosing an individual patient's personalized therapy or medicine precisely. The potential impact of the organismoid theory on our healthcare system generally and the rapid adoption of disruptive personalized T-cell therapies particularly is highlighted.

Norbornene-Functionalised Chitosan Hydrogels and Microgels via an Unprecedented Photo-Initiated Self-Assembly for Potential Biomedical Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah michel ◽  
Alice Kilner ◽  
Jean-Charles Eloi ◽  
Sarah E rogers ◽  
Wuge H. Briscoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Gelation Mechanism ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Assembly Mechanism ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogels

<p><br></p><p> Access to biocompatible self-assembled gels and microgels is of great interests for a variety of biological applications from tissue engineering to drug delivery. Here, the facile synthesis of supramolecular hydrogels of norbornene (nb)-functionalised chitosan (CS-nb) via UV-triggered self-assembly in the presence of Irgacure 2959 (IRG) is reported. The <i>in vitro </i>stable hydrogels are injectable and showed pH-responsive swelling behaviour, while their structure and mechanical properties could be tuned by tailoring the stereochemistry of the norbornene derivative (e.g. <i>endo</i>- or -<i>exo</i>). Interestingly, unlike other nb-type hydrogels, the gels possess nanopores within their structure, which might lead to potential drug delivery applications. A gelation mechanism was proposed based on hydrophobic interactions following the combination of IRG on norbornene, as supported by 1H NMR. This self-assembly mechanism was used to access microgels of size 100-150 nm which could be further functionalised and showed no significant toxicity to human dermofibroblast cells. </p>

scholarly journals Norbornene-Functionalised Chitosan Hydrogels and Microgels via an Unprecedented Photo-Initiated Self-Assembly for Potential Biomedical Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah michel ◽  
Alice Kilner ◽  
Jean-Charles Eloi ◽  
Sarah E rogers ◽  
Wuge H. Briscoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Hydrophobic Interactions ◽  
Gelation Mechanism ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Assembly Mechanism ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogels

<p><br></p><p> Access to biocompatible self-assembled gels and microgels is of great interests for a variety of biological applications from tissue engineering to drug delivery. Here, the facile synthesis of supramolecular hydrogels of norbornene (nb)-functionalised chitosan (CS-nb) via UV-triggered self-assembly in the presence of Irgacure 2959 (IRG) is reported. The <i>in vitro </i>stable hydrogels are injectable and showed pH-responsive swelling behaviour, while their structure and mechanical properties could be tuned by tailoring the stereochemistry of the norbornene derivative (e.g. <i>endo</i>- or -<i>exo</i>). Interestingly, unlike other nb-type hydrogels, the gels possess nanopores within their structure, which might lead to potential drug delivery applications. A gelation mechanism was proposed based on hydrophobic interactions following the combination of IRG on norbornene, as supported by 1H NMR. This self-assembly mechanism was used to access microgels of size 100-150 nm which could be further functionalised and showed no significant toxicity to human dermofibroblast cells. </p>

scholarly journals A Rapid Self-Assembly Peptide Hydrogel for Recruitment and Activation of Immune Cells

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Ruyue Luo ◽  
Yuan Wan ◽  
Xinyi Luo ◽  
Guicen Liu ◽  
Zhaoxu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Peptide Hydrogel

Self-assembly peptide nanotechnology has attracted much attention due to its regular and orderly structure and diverse functions. Most of the existing self-assembly peptides can form aggregates with specific structures only under specific conditions and their assembly time is relatively long. They have good biocompatibility but no immunogenicity. To optimize it, a self-assembly peptide named DRF3 was designed. It contains a hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface, using two N-terminal arginines, leucine, and two c-terminal aspartate and glutamic acid. Meanwhile, the c-terminal of the peptide was amidated, so that peptide segments were interconnected to increase diversity. Its characterization, biocompatibility, controlled release effect on antigen, immune cell recruitment ability, and antitumor properties were examined here. Congo red/aniline blue staining revealed that peptide hydrogel DRF3 could be immediately gelled in PBS. The stable β-sheet secondary structure of DRF3 was confirmed by circular dichroism spectrum and IR spectra. The observation results of cryo-scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy demonstrated that DRF3 formed nanotubule-like and vesicular structures in PBS, and these structures interlaced with each other to form ordered three-dimensional nanofiber structures. Meanwhile, DRF3 showed excellent biocompatibility, could sustainably and slowly release antigens, recruit dendritic cells and promote the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. In addition, DRF3 has a strong inhibitory effect on clear renal cell carcinoma (786-0). These results provide a reliable basis for the application of peptide hydrogels in biomedical and preclinical trials.

scholarly journals Elastic Three-Dimensional Graphene Sponge Fabricated by the Liquid Crystals of Controlled Large Graphene Oxide Sheets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuli Wei ◽  
Anaerguli Wufuer ◽  
Meisong Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Liyi Dai
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Graphene Sponge ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Facile Fabrication ◽  
Graphene Oxide Sheets

Three-dimensional graphene (3DG) sponge has attracted increasing attention because it combines the unique properties of cellular materials and the excellent performance of graphene. The preparation of 3DG sponge depends mainly on the self-assembly of graphene oxide sheets. Here, we demonstrate facile fabrication of 3DG sponge with a large-scale and ordered porous structure, exploiting the liquid crystals of large graphene oxide (LGO) and ultralarge graphene oxide (ULGO) sheets. The resulting materials exhibit a low density, high porosity and elasticity. Our work explores a new strategy for organizing the ordered alignment of controlled large GO sheets and exploring the relationship between the microstructures and mechanical properties of 3DG sponge.

scholarly journals Polymeric Composites with Embedded Nanocrystalline Cellulose for the Removal of Iron(II) from Contaminated Water

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anayet Kabir ◽  
Matthew Dunlop ◽  
Bishnu Acharya ◽  
Rabin Bissessur ◽  
Marya Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymeric Composites ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Treated Water

The exponential increase in heavy metal usage for industrial applications has led to the limited supply of clean water for human needs. Iron is one of the examples of heavy metals, which is responsible for an unpleasant taste of water and its discoloration, and is also associated with elevated health risks if it persists in drinking water for a prolonged period of time. The adsorption of a soluble form of iron (Fe2+) from water resources is generally accomplished in the presence of natural or synthetic polymers or nanoparticles, followed by their filtration from treated water. The self-assembly of these colloidal carriers into macroarchitectures can help in achieving the facile removal of metal-chelated materials from treated water and hence can reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of the water purification process. In this study, we aim to develop a facile one-pot strategy for the synthesis of polymeric composites with embedded nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) for the chelation of iron(II) from contaminated water. The synthesis of the polymeric composites with embedded nanoparticles was achieved by the facile coating of ionic monomers on the surface of NCC, followed by their polymerization, crosslinking, and self-assembly in the form of three-dimensional architectures at room temperature. The composites prepared were analyzed for their physiochemical properties, antifouling properties, and for their iron(II)-chelation efficacies in vitro. The results indicate that the embedded-NCC polymeric composites have antifouling properties and exhibit superior iron(II)-chelation properties at both acidic and basic conditions.

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