scholarly journals A Silent Crisis: The Impact of Public Health Expenditure on Malnutrition Prevalence in Children Aged Below Five in the Philippines

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-117
Author(s):  
Joanna Marie V. Manrique ◽  
Gabriel Masangkay ◽  
Nicasio Angelo J. Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Production Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health Expenditures

This study mainly aims to determine whether public health expenditures have been effective in reducing malnutrition among children aged below five in the Philippines. The researchers construct a Grossman (1972) model-based health production function, which treats economic, social, and environmental factors as determinants of nutritional status. OLS estimates show that an increase in food security rates, a decrease in poverty incidence rates, and an increase in the level of urbanization significantly reduce stunting rates. However, no statistically significant relationship exists between the aforementioned independent variables and underweight and wasting rates (aside from the level of urbanization and wasting). In all regression models, the coefficient estimate for public health expenditure is valued near zero and is statistically insignificant, implying that government spending on health has been insubstantial and ineffective in reducing malnutrition prevalence.

scholarly journals The Impact of Population Aging and Public Health Support on EU Labor Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Cristea ◽  
Gratiela Georgiana Noja ◽  
Petru Stefea ◽  
Adrian Lucian Sala
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Older People ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Population aging and public health expenditure mainly dedicated to older dependent persons present major challenges for the European Union (EU) Member States, with profound implications for their economies and labor markets. Sustainable economic development relies on a well-balanced workforce of young and older people. As this balance shifts in favor of older people, productivity tends to suffer, on the one hand, and the older group demands more from health services, on the other hand. These requisites tend to manifest differently within developed and developing EU countries. This research aimed to assess population aging impacts on labor market coordinates (employment rate, labor productivity), in the framework of several health dimensions (namely, health government expenditure, hospital services, healthy life years, perceived health) and other economic and social factors. The analytical approach consisted of applying structural equation models, Gaussian graphical models, and macroeconometric models (robust regression and panel corrected standard errors) to EU panel data for the years 1995–2017. The results show significant dissimilarities between developed and developing EU countries, suggesting the need for specific policies and strategies for the labor market integration of older people, jointly with public health expenditure, with implications for EU labor market performance.

scholarly journals A call for harmonization of European kidney care: dialysis reimbursement and distribution of kidney replacement therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjan van der Tol ◽  
Vianda S Stel ◽  
Kitty J Jager ◽  
Norbert Lameire ◽  
Rachael L Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Home Dialysis ◽  
Kidney Replacement Therapy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background We compare reimbursement for haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) in European countries to assess the impact on government healthcare budgets. We discuss strategies to reduce costs by promoting sustainable dialysis and kidney transplantation. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey among nephrologists conducted online July–December 2016. European countries were categorized by tertiles of gross domestic product per capita (GDP). Reimbursement data were matched to kidney replacement therapy (KRT) data. Results The prevalence per million population of patients being treated with long-term dialysis was not significantly different across tertiles of GDP (P = 0.22). The percentage of PD increased with GDP across tertiles (4.9, 8.2, 13.4%; P < 0.001). The HD-to-PD reimbursement ratio was higher in countries with the highest tertile of GDP (0.7, 1.0 versus 1.7; P = 0.007). Home HD was mainly reimbursed in countries with the highest tertile of GDP (15, 15 versus 69%; P = 0.005). The percentage of public health expenditure for reimbursement of dialysis decreased across tertiles of GDP (3.3, 1.5, 0.7%; P < 0.001). Transplantation as a proportion of all KRT increased across tertiles of GDP (18.5, 39.5, 56.0%; P < 0.001). Conclusions In Europe, dialysis has a disproportionately high impact on public health expenditure, especially in countries with a lower GDP. In these countries, the cost difference between PD and HD is smaller, and home dialysis and transplantation are less frequently provided than in countries with a higher GDP. In-depth evaluation and analysis of influential economic and political measures are needed to steer optimized reimbursement strategies for KRT.

scholarly journals The Impact of Public Health Expenditure on Economic Development – Evidence from Prefecture-Level Panel Data of Shandong Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Maoguo Wu ◽  
Zhenyu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Social Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

Public health expenditure is an indispensable part of social economy. The public has always paid close attention to public health expenditure. In order to study the quantitative relation between public health expenditure and social economic development, this paper investigates prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province, due to the unique characteristics of Shandong Province. Making theoretical and empirical contributions, this paper augments the Cobb-Douglas production function with public health expenditure and empirically analyzes economic development of prefecture- level cities in Shandong Province. A panel data set is established, followed by multivariate regression analysis. Empirical results find that public health expenditure per capita and coverage of medical insurance can significantly promote social economic development. However, the expansion and growth of the number of health institutions does not necessarily promote economic development. Instead, it may even hold back economic development by causing personnel redundancy and waste of resources. If the government transfers its investment focus from the scale and the speed of development of medical services to their fairness and efficiency, public health expenditure may vastly improve both public health and economic development.

scholarly journals Improving the management of public health expenditure through the active implementation of results-based budgeting

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
О.А. Федяева
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
State Corporation ◽  
Active Implementation ◽  
Public Health Expenditures

В работе отмечена важность совершенствования управления государственными расходами на здравоохранение посредством активного внедрения бюджетирования, ориентированного на результат. В работе сформулированы такие предложения как создание государственной корпорации Росздрав, повышение прозрачности оказания медицинской помощи, поиск дополнительных инструментов финансового обеспечения (краудфандинг) и его применение при реализации социальных проектов медицинской направленности и др. The article highlights the importance of improving the management of public health expenditures through the active implementation of results-based budgeting. The article contains such proposals as the creation of the state Corporation Roszdrav, increasing the transparency of medical care, searching for additional financial support tools (crowdfunding) and its application in the implementation of social projects of medical orientation, etc.

scholarly journals The Impact of Public Health Expenditure on Health Component of Human Capital

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-379
Author(s):  
Rasa Railaite ◽  
Rūta Čiutienė
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Panel Data Models ◽  
Age Dependency ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of the concept of human capital shows that this form of capital includes a set of different components that are used in economic activities and generates different kind of benefits. Health is one of the main components of human capital. Hence, considering its importance authors of this article tried to investigate the impact of public health expenditure on the health component of human capital. Ordinary least square, fixed and random effects panel data models for 28 European Union countries were used to reach this purpose. The main variables used in this study is life expectancy at birth (related to the health component of human capital) and general government health expenditure. It is known that there are other factors affecting health and human capital in general. Hence variables such as GDP grow, GINI coefficient, education level, alcohol consumption, old age dependency and urbanization rate were added in the models as explanatory variables. The results of the performed study show that public health expenditure has a positive and significant impact on the improvements of life expectancy. Selected fixed-effects panel data models also show significant and positive effects of the GDP growth, old age dependency while a negative effect is identified by alcohol consumption. The existing close relationship between health and education also is confirmed by this study. Results suggest that higher education level is positively and significantly related to life expectancy while a lower education has a negative impact on life expectancy.

scholarly journals Does electoral competition increase the government health expenditure in EAs?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Government Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Health Expenditure ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

<p>Previous studies on the electoral autocracies (EAs) and public health expenditure focus on the presence of multiparty elections in EAs. Most of elections in EAs often are unfair because those are for the victory of dictators. Multiparty elections <i>per se</i> do not capture the impact of characteristics during elections such as the electoral competition in EAs. Some EAs pay health expenditure less than others even though electoral competition is high. I analyze the effect of electoral competition on the government health expenditure with the balanced panel data of 20 EAs from 2001 to 2017. There are two rival arguments on how electoral competition affect the expenditure according to previous studies; (a) a high level of electoral competition stands for a difficulty of dictatorial winning in elections. Autocrats, hence, gather various demands including health issues from voters, and can increase the government health expenditure; (b) Autocrats pursue the victory in elections. Pork and personal benefits to voters rather than programmed policies are helpful for the victory. Therefore, there is no incentive for autocrats to provide government health policy to voters when the level of electoral competition is high. Empirical findings demonstrate that electoral competition in EAs lead the decrease of government health expenditure. This paper concludes that electoral competition does not increase the public health expenditure; the higher level of competition in autocracies does not mean that voters can exert their power to autocrats to realize policies.</p>

scholarly journals Is an ounce of prevention worth a pound of cure? A cross-sectional study of the impact of English public health grant on mortality and morbidity

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e036411
Author(s):  
Stephen Martin ◽  
James Lomas ◽  
Karl Claxton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
Additional Qaly ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThe UK government is proposing to cease cutting the local authority public health grant by reallocating part of the treatment budget to preventative activity. This study examines whether this proposal is evidenced based and, in particular, whether these resources are best reallocated to prevention, or whether this expenditure would generate more health gains if used for treatment.MethodsInstrumental variable regression methods are applied to English local authority data on mortality, healthcare and public health expenditure to estimate the responsiveness of mortality to variations in healthcare and public health expenditure in 2013/14. Using a well-established method, these mortality results are converted to a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) basis, and this facilitates the estimation of the cost per QALY for both National Health Service (NHS) healthcare and local public health expenditure.ResultsSaving lives and improving the quality of life requires resources. Our estimates suggest that each additional QALY costs about £3800 from the local public health budget, and that each additional QALY from the NHS budget costs about £13 500. These estimates can be used to calculate the number of QALYs generated by a budget boost. If we err on the side of caution and use the most conservative estimates that we have, then an additional £1 billion spent on public health will generate 206 398 QALYs (95% CI 36 591 to 3 76 205 QALYs), and an additional £1 billion spent on healthcare will generate 67 060 QALYs (95% CI 21 487 to 112 633 QALYs).ConclusionsAdditional public health expenditure is very productive of health and is more productive than additional NHS expenditure. However, both types of expenditure are more productive of health than the norms used by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (£20 000–£30 000 per QALY) to judge whether new therapeutic technologies are suitable for adoption by the NHS.

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