scholarly journals ANTHROPOGENIC AQUA LANDSCAPES OF THE SEA OF AZOV

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Vorovka V.P.
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
The Sea Of Azov ◽  
Current State ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Xix Century

The article, based on historical and geographical analysis, attempts to identify all the diversity of anthropogenic aqua landscapes caused by different types of anthropogenic activities. Periodicals and seven periods of anthropogenic impact on the waters of the Sea of Azov and its consequences have been identified. It was found that the anthropogenic impact was most intense during the second half of the XIX century (construction and development of ports) and in 1950–2000 (intensive development of industry, agriculture, industrial fishing). The term “aqua landscapes” and the reasons for its differences from the landscape on land are defined. It was found that the aqua landscape is a geographical landscape, the structure and functioning of which is determined by fresh or salt running or standing water, which is its main component, as well as the habitat of living organisms. Aqua landscapes differ significantly from terrestrial landscapes both in features of structure and in functioning, which is determined by the formation and development in the aquatic environment. Anthropogenic aqua landscapes are altered or transformed by human activities aqua landscapes. Their functioning in the sea occurs according to natural laws.It was found that anthropogenic aqua landscapes were formed as a result of direct and indirect anthropogenic activities. Direct types of impact are caused by the development of sand and shell deposits, laying and regular clearing of suitable sea channels to the ports of Genichesk, Berdyansk and Mariupol and dredging works in their waters, dumping of soils on the seabed. Indirect anthropogenic impact is associated with pollution of water masses and bottom sediments by municipal, industrial and irrigation effluents, removal of pollution by rivers of the Azov basin, vehicle emissions, etc. The scheme of anthropogenic impact on the aqua landscapes of the Sea of Azov is concluded. The current state of anthropogenic aqua landscapes in the sea is revealed.Key words: aqua landscape, anthropogenic activity, anthropogenic aqua landscape, water area of the Sea of Azov. У статті на основі історико-географічного аналізу зроблена спроба виявити різноманіття антропогенних акваландшафтів, спричинених різними видами антропогенної діяльності. Здійснено періодику і виокремлено сім періодів антропогенного впливу на акваторію Азовського моря та його наслідки. З’ясовано, що найбільшою інтенсивністю вирізнявся антропогенний вплив упродовж другої половини ХІХ століття (будівництво і розвиток портів) та у 1950–2000-і роки (інтенсивний розвиток промисловості, сільського господарства, промислового рибальства).Визначений термін «акваландшафт» та причини його відмінностей від ландшафту на суходолі. Виявлено, що акваландшафт – це географічний ландшафт, структура та функціонування якого визначається прісною чи солоною текучою або стоячою водою, яка є його головним компонен-том, а також є середовищем існування живих організмів. Акваландшафти суттєво відрізняються від суходільних ландшафтів як за особливостями структури, так і за функціонуванням, що визначається формуванням і розвитком у водному середовищі. Антропогенні акваландшафти – це змінені або перетворені діяльністю людини акваландшафти. Їх функціонування в акваторії моря відбувається за природними законами.З’ясовано, що антропогенні акваландшафти сформувалися внаслідок прямої та непрямої антро-погенної діяльності. Прямі види впливу спричинені розробкою піщано-черепашкових відкладів, прокладанням та регулярним розчищенням підхідних морських каналів до портів Генічеська, Бердянська та Маріуполя та днопоглиблювальними роботами в їх акваторії, дампінгуванням ґрунтів на морському дні. Непрямий антропогенний вплив пов’язаний із забрудненням водних мас і донних осадів комунальними, промисловими та зрошувальними стоками, винесенням забруднень річками азовського басейну, викидами транспортних засобів тощо. Укладена схема антропогенного впливу на акваландшафти Азовського моря. Виявлений сучасний стан антропогенних аква-ландшафтів в акваторії моря.Ключові слова: акваландшафт, антропогенна діяльність, антропогенний акваландшафт, акваторія Азовського моря.

Organic Matter of Bottom Sediments of the Crimean and Caucasian Coasts (Azov and Black Seas)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Tikhonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Sea Of Azov

As part of the 113th cruise of the R/V “Professor Vodyanitsky”, research was conducted on organic pollution of bottom sediments in the coastal areas of Crimea and the Caucasus, as well as the water area in front of the Kerch Strait. Concentration of chloroformextractable substances was determined by the weight method and that of petroleum hydrocarbons was determined using infrared spectrometry. Both in 2020 and 2016 (the 83d cruise of the R/V “Professor Vodyanitsky”), properties of the bottom sediments of the Crimean and Caucasian coasts were typical of the marine soils of this region. This indicates that the studied water areas are generally in good condition. In accordance with the regional classification of bottom sediment pollution, the maximum concentrations of chloroform-extractable substances obtained for both the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov coast indicate pollution level III (23% of analysed samples). These values were found in bottom sediments in the Sevastopol water area (225 mg·100 g-1), in the coastal area of Cape Tarkhankut (120 mg·100 g-1) and Karadag (120 mg·100 g-1), the southern part of the Sea of Azov (125 mg·100 g-1) and Tuapse (110 mg·100 g-1). The content of chloroform-extractable substances in bottom sediments off the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the Sea of Azov coast is slightly lower than that off the Crimean coast. Pollution level II is assigned to bottom sediments in 46 % of the samples, with an average concentration of 72 mg·100 g-1 of air-dry solids. The rest (31 %) of the studied area was classified as conditionally clean (pollution level I, i. e. less than 50 mg·100 g-1). There has been a slight increase in the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the bottom sediments of both the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov and their share in the total amount of chloroformextractable substances. In general, the level of pollution of bottom sediments by organic matter remained unchanged if compared with previous years, in particular with the data from 2016

CHRONOLOGY OF CONTEMPORARY SEDIMENTATION AND POLLUTANTS ACCUMULATION IN THE BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE SEA OF AZOV

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Kuznetsov ◽  
Andrey Kuznetsov ◽  
Yury Fedorov ◽  
Yury Fedorov ◽  
Paul Fattal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
The Sea Of Azov ◽  
Don River

Bottom sediments formed in the water bodies under the technogenic impact are important environmental factors affecting water quality and hydrobiota. Usually they consist of natural and technogenic material and differ from natural formations by their morphology, chemical and lithological composition, physicochemical and biochemical properties. In the present paper we use the term “sediment layer of anthropogenic impact” to define the sediment layer containing technogenic material and/or chemical pollutants. The determination of its location in the sediment cores, its thickness and accumulation chronology is an important scientific problem. In the paper the results of layer by layer study of Cs-137, Am-241, Pb-210 specific activities as well as concentrations of petroleum components, lead and mercury in 48 sediment cores of the Sea of Azov and the Don River are examined. The sediment core layers are dated by radiological methods. In all the sediment cores the peak of Cs-137 specific activity related to the Chernobyl accident was detected. In the Sea of Azov, this peak is located in the upper sediment layer up to 10 cm thick, however, in the delta and in the near-delta part of the Don River, where the sedimentation rates are more important, it is found at 20 to 40 cm depth. Also in certain sediment cores the second peak of Cs-137 related to the global nuclear fallout of the 1960s was found. The most of petroleum components, lead and mercury quantities are concentrated in the upper sediment layer formed in the last 50 to 70 years, i.e. in the period of the most important anthropogenic pressure. So, this complex approach based on the data on the vertical distribution of technogenic radionuclides and common pollutants in the sediment cores made it possible to identify and delineate the sediment layer of high anthropogenic impact as well as to assess the duration of this impact.

Carbonate Beaches of the Eastern Part of the Sea of Azov under Anthropogenic Impact

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben D. Kos'yan ◽  
Vladimir M. Peshkov ◽  
Nikolay V. Yesin ◽  
Sergey Yu. Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
The Sea Of Azov

scholarly journals The Estimation of the Main Silting Factors in the Marine Artificial Channel of the Azovstal Port (Mari-upol, Ukraine)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
The Sea Of Azov ◽  
Don River

Purpose. The physico-chemical processes in river mouth area, which include the Don and Kuban rivers, limited the transport capacity of the main ports of the Sea of Azov as a result of the silting by suspended matter by the river runoff. The fall of the depths in the the ports and marine channels is one of the key problems of the functioning of the ports. Dredging works and dumping linked with shipping as well as shipping linked with the world economy. It is impossible to abandon shipping, as well it is impossible to abandon the dredging and damping. For this reason, the purpose of the work is to assess the optimal dredging works for the exploitation of the ports of Ukraine in the Sea of Azov. Methods. The comparative analysis of modern hydrometeorological conditions, including the dominant influence of wind activity, the velocity and the direction of currents according to actual data, the transparency of sea water, the runoff the river Kalmius had been done. The available images of DigitalGlobe’s remote sensing satellites and dredging results, which were periodically performed to support the depths on the sea marine channel to the port water area, were examined. Modern and retrospective data of bathymetric surveys using GIS processing technologies for comparing the results, as well as standard methods of statistical data processing were also used. Results. During the investigated period, the images of the Earth's remote sensing satellites from DigitalGlobe were studied. An anthropogenic impact to the silting in the study area was revealed (the turning point between 0 km of the marine channel of the port and the shallow water area of the port of Azovstal). For compare the depths in the investigated area which is under the the river Kalmius influence positions of the surveyed post had been established. As result of analysis of direct measurement data and graphic material the permanent silting of the marine channel was not established as well as the direct statistical relationship between the silting and the river run incoming with suspended matter with Kalmius river. The main process of sedimentation determines by the Don river. The upper limit of maximum sedimentation is 5–7 ‰, coincides with the investigated area, where theoretically one should expect the process of accumulation of bottom sediments. Conclusion. The result of comparing Kalmius river runoff with depths in the marine channel of the port of Azovstal, in the area of area of river mouth, revealed there is not representative statistical relationship. It is necessary monitoring data for a long period of data for representative comparing the runoff Kalmius river and siling processes. In modern period the runoff of the Don river is significantly deformed under the influence of anthropogenic factors and the representative statistical estimation have to be done using only the direct measurements, which are fairly limited. Nevertheless, the reduction of Don river runoff and, thus, the direct impact on the recording capacity of the studied water area determines the need for and technological accessibility of dredging at a significantly lower the cost of wokrs at the present stage.

scholarly journals Hydroecological Problems of Dairy Estuary in Connection with the Instable of its Communication with the Azov Sea

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Depth Map ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
The Sea Of Azov ◽  
Riparian Birds

Purpose. To identify the existing hydrological problems of the connecting channel between the Milky Liman and the Sea of Azov, due to insufficient morphometric performance of the channel. Methods. The analysis of hydroecological changes in the Dairy Way is the creation of a bulk model of the water body. Given the lack of a depth map, field mapping of the bottom of the studied reservoir was carried out. In order to calculate the volume of the water body of the Dairy estuary in 2012, eight transects were laid on which depth measurements were carried out through each 200 m measuring track. Measurement points were recorded using GPS. On the basis of the obtained data using the 3D Analyst module, a digital bottom relief model was constructed. His made it possible to calculate the volume of water in the estuary. Retrospective data of water volumes were calculated on the basis of measurements of the maximum depth of the estuary, obtained by the authors by way of measurements in certain years. To calculate the elements of water balance, the data of O. Dyakov was used.The transverse profile of the connecting channel is obtained as a result of field depth measurements in transects. The velocity of the flow in the channel and its throughput were determined according to the standard methods adopted in the hydrology, taking into account the direction and force of the offensive phenomena. Results. The hydrological and hydrochemical problems of the Dairy Estuary as the key territory of the Azov National Natural Park, a hydrological reserve of national importance and a wetland of international importance are analyzed. Their direct dependence on the unstable functioning of the connecting channel between the estuary and the Sea of Azov has been revealed. A historical cut of the features of the functioning of the ravine channel is shown. A digital 3D model of the estuary bottom has been built and the changes in the water level during different time periods are shown. A spatio-temporal analysis of the dependence of hydrological and hydrochemical indicators of the estuary on the channel functioning state has been made. It is revealed that the existing parameters of the connecting channel do not ensure the full functioning of the Molochny Liman and the fulfillment of ecological functions by it. Environmental changes that occur as a result of unstable and periodic connection of the estuary to the sea through the channel are analyzed: changes in water salinity, species diversity of invertebrates, fish and birds, areas of shallow water areas as feeding places for riparian birds, changes in the biological productivity of the estuary water area. Scientific novelty: On the basis of morphometric measurements of the connecting channel and the waters of the Milky Way, we have attempted to calculate the water supply capabilities of the estuary through the connecting channel and its functioning as a hydrological object. Conclusion: The adequate width and depth of the connecting channel and the regular connection of the Dairy estuary with the sea will lead to the restoration of hydrological and hydrochemical regimes to the ecologically optimal parameters. On the basis of this biological diversity in the estuary will be restored, its socio-economic and ecosystem functions will be renewed.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE MODERN STATE OF THE BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN PORT TEMRYUK

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
R. R. Agletdinov ◽  
I. Yu. Matasova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
The Sea Of Azov

The article analyzes the dynamics of changes in the content of petroleum products and a number of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) in the bottom sediments of the port of Temryuk in 2016–2020. Fluctuations in the concentrations of petroleum products in the soil from 88 to 413 mg/kg, iron – 8.4–41.0 mg/kg, copper – 13.6–116.0 mg/kg, zinc – 58.2–415.0 mg/kg, lead – 14.0–55.3 mg/kg, cadmium from less than 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg were revealed. The geochemical features of the bottom sediments of the port of Temryuk relative to the sediments of the Sea of Azov are determined. Statistical processing of the obtained data made it possible to determine the correlation between the concentration of the substances in question in the soils of the studied water area.

CHRONOLOGY OF CONTEMPORARY SEDIMENTATION AND POLLUTANTS ACCUMULATION IN THE BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE SEA OF AZOV

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Kuznetsov ◽  
Andrey Kuznetsov ◽  
Yury Fedorov ◽  
Yury Fedorov ◽  
Paul Fattal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
The Sea Of Azov ◽  
Don River

Bottom sediments formed in the water bodies under the technogenic impact are important environmental factors affecting water quality and hydrobiota. Usually they consist of natural and technogenic material and differ from natural formations by their morphology, chemical and lithological composition, physicochemical and biochemical properties. In the present paper we use the term “sediment layer of anthropogenic impact” to define the sediment layer containing technogenic material and/or chemical pollutants. The determination of its location in the sediment cores, its thickness and accumulation chronology is an important scientific problem. In the paper the results of layer by layer study of Cs-137, Am-241, Pb-210 specific activities as well as concentrations of petroleum components, lead and mercury in 48 sediment cores of the Sea of Azov and the Don River are examined. The sediment core layers are dated by radiological methods. In all the sediment cores the peak of Cs-137 specific activity related to the Chernobyl accident was detected. In the Sea of Azov, this peak is located in the upper sediment layer up to 10 cm thick, however, in the delta and in the near-delta part of the Don River, where the sedimentation rates are more important, it is found at 20 to 40 cm depth. Also in certain sediment cores the second peak of Cs-137 related to the global nuclear fallout of the 1960s was found. The most of petroleum components, lead and mercury quantities are concentrated in the upper sediment layer formed in the last 50 to 70 years, i.e. in the period of the most important anthropogenic pressure. So, this complex approach based on the data on the vertical distribution of technogenic radionuclides and common pollutants in the sediment cores made it possible to identify and delineate the sediment layer of high anthropogenic impact as well as to assess the duration of this impact.

scholarly journals OSTRACODS IN THE PLANKTON OF THE SIVASH BAY (THE SEA OF AZOV) DURING ITS TRANSFORMATION FROM BRACKISH TO HYPERSALINE STATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Drapun ◽  
Elena Anufriieva ◽  
Nickolai Shadrin ◽  
Yulia Zagorodnyaya
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Ecosystem Change ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
The Sea Of Azov ◽  
The North ◽  
Salinity Increase ◽  
Ostracod Species

Bay Sivash (the Sea of Azov), the largest lagoon in Europe, demonstrates a sharp ecosystem change due to anthropogenic impact. A pronounced salinity increase occurs as a result of the decision to stop supplying Dnieper water into the North-Crimean Canal. Salinity has increased from 20–22 g/L to 55–75 g/L in the lagoon. This led to the changes of biotic composition. The authors used data on ostracod species composition and abundance in samples of 2014–2016 samples with comparison with data from samples collected in 2004, before the salinity increase. The identification of ostracod species in the Sivash Bay was first made; five species was found in 2004–2016: Cyprideis torosa (Jones, 1850), Loxoconcha bulgarica Caraion, 1960, Loxoconcha aestuarii Marinov, 1963, Cytherois cepa Klie, 1937, Leptocythere devexa Schornikov, 1966. In June and August 2004, the average ostracod abundance in plankton was 22 ind./m3 (CV = 1.506). In October 2014, the ostracod abundance in the plankton reached 210 ind./m3, and in August 2015 – average of 1273 ind./m3 (CV = 1.220). In some plankton samples, ostracods dominated in numbers and reached 3850 ind./m3. In the salinity range of 50–80 g/L, a significant positive correlation was observed between total ostracod abundance in plankton and salinity.

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