MODERN SPACE RADAR SYSTEMS OF EARTH MONITORING

This article explores brief overview of modern radar systems for imaging and monitoring the Earth from space. The operating radar systems are divided into four classes: large spacecraft with global monitoring SAR, medium-sized spacecraft with detailed observation SAR, small spacecraft with detailed observation SAR, and commercial mini-spacecraft with detailed observation SAR. Listed are the main representatives of each class. Such large satellites as: European – Sentinel-1 (A, B); Japanese – ALOS-2; Canadian company MDA – Radarsat-2; Argentine – SAOCOM-1A / 1B; Chinese – Gaofen-3. Representatives of the class of mid-size spacecraft with SAR: German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the leading European space company Airbus DS – TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X; Spanish PAZ; the Italian constellation of Cosmo-SkyMed satellites of the first and second generation; Japanese group IGS-Radar; Korean – KOMPSAT-5; Russian satellites “Kondor”. The small class includes Israeli mission satellites – TecSAR, RISAT-2 (India), Ofeq-10; Japanese – ASNARO-2, German satellites SAR-Lupe, English – NovaSAR-1. The last class of mini-spacecraft includes American - Capella and Finnish – ICEYE. The article also presents spacecraft for radar imaging, planned for launch, namely: the second generation of Italian satellites COSMO-SkyMed – CSG-2; 8 ICEYE spacecrafts (Finland); an increase in the Capella constellation, X-band radar satellites of the SuperView constellation and radar satellites Zhuhai (China); ALOS-4 JAXA (Japan); KOMPSAT-6 (Korea), radar satellites of the IRS constellation (India), American satellites XpressSAR, PredaSAR, EOS SAR, satellites of the Russian design Obzor-R1 and KondorFKA, as well as the space complex planned by ROSKOSMOS, including an orbital constellation of 6 small spacecraft for radar surveillance.

STUDY OF URBANIZED TERRITORIES USING SPATIAL ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the problems of studying an urbanized territory using geoinformation technologies. One of the methods used in this work is the method of spatial analysis. The Rostov region was chosen as the object of the study. The paper considers the issues of socio-economic development of the region, which is due to the urgency of the task of improving the quality of life. The analysis of various methods for studying urbanized territories made it possible to make a choice of research tools. The applied method of constructing cartograms made it possible to visually see the dynamics of changes in the socio-economic situation in the region in a long-term perspective. To obtain an objective assessment of the results obtained, the data normalization algorithm was applied. We selected data describing various social aspects in the life of the region. With the help of geoinformation technologies, the obtained indicators were ranked. This made it possible to identify bottlenecks and in the future will allow for a more detailed analysis and formulate steps to improve the socio-economic situation in the region. A similar analysis can be carried out for other groups of social objects, which is a great advantage of using this method

STUDY OF THE STATE OF FORESTS OF THE ROSTOV REGION WITH THE USE OF MODERN GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

The work is devoted to the study of the forests of the Rostov region, the determination of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the area of the territory covered with forest, using remote sensing data and geoinformation systems. The relevance of the study is due to the active anthropogenic impact on forests in the steppe zone, in a region with a forest deficit cover. The purpose of the study is to study the state of forests based on the use of modern geoinformation technologies, to assess the dynamics of forest cover in the forest fund of the Rostov region. The object of research is one of the most wooded areas of the Rostov region – the Verkhnedonsky. To study the state of the forests of the Rostov region, satellite images obtained using the Sentinel-2 spacecraft and data from the Global Forest Change application were used. Earth Engine. The efficiency of application of various methods of classification of space images has been investigated. It was revealed that despite the forest fires that affect the forests of the region due to climatic and natural factors, the area of gum massifs since 2015, in accordance with the classification carried out, has increased by about 300 hectares.

QGIS WEB CLIENT 2 – NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR WEB GEODATA PUBLISHING

This paper focuses on Quantum GIS (QGIS), an open-source cross-platform application that allows to visualize geospatial data in various formats. The paper indicated the main advantages of QGIS web application (second version) – QGIS Web Client 2: free distribution; free access to open-source code, which allows to write or modify a script or program module; permission to modify the source code; the ability to install the program on various operating systems (Windows, Mac OS, Ubuntu, etc.); a large library of free modules for working with geodata; the ability to publish maps on the web using Mapserver and other analogs; the ability to download space images from different sources (Yandex, Google, Bing Aerial, etc.); the ability to post data and publish projects on the Internet using the QGIS Cloud plugin. The technical requirements for the design of the QWC2 web application are presented; instructions for installing and QWC2 configuration on the available infrastructure are also given. The testing and the functionality of QWC2 application were presented on practical examples (area / length / coordinate measurements; thumbnail / redline functionality; generation of permalinks; PDF printing; ability to export maps in different images; import WMS/WFS; map comparison).

USE OF GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES WHEN DEVELOPING A MOBILE APPLICATION

. The article discusses the advantages of using geoinformation technologies when creating a mobile application for searching for services and registering a client when ordering a selected service, as well as keeping records of services rendered for an organization providing services. Currently, there are a large number of applications on the software market for solving these problems. However, due to the lack of map services in the app, not all of them are user-friendly. Although the use of map services is optional, they make the application much easier for the end user to use. A good example would be using such an application to find a place to provide services outside the company’s office. The application uses a navigator that automatically builds a route to the place of service. Another example would be the use of map services to collect information about services as well as the quality of services provided. This will further improve the search algorithms in the application, and get the current rating of services

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION PROGRAMS ON ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION OF ROSTOV STATE UNIVERSITY

During 1991–1998 at the Rostov State University, some programs related to the problems of environmental education were carried out. These programs kicked off with a visit to the United States by a delegation of environmental education specialists at the invitation of the Tennessee Valley Authority’s Environmental Protection Unit. The implemented programs of cooperation, details of their implementation, and the results achieved are listed. The importance of involving schoolchildren and schoolteachers in the implementation of these programs was pointed out. The history of the emergence of the Center for Geoinformation Technologies of the Southern Federal University is described and the master’s program currently being carried out on its basis is mentioned

SATELLITE DATA AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF LAND USE IN KANDAHAR PROVINCE

The article addresses the application of geoinformation analysis technologies to solve problems of land management systems development in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Using an example of the study of the territory of Kardagar province, it is shown how space survey materials and spatial analysis technologies can be utilized in assessing the prospects for the development of irrigated agriculture in the Arghandab River valley. The study uses decoding of multitime satellite images in order to map the structure of land utilization. This allows us to obtain uniform in quality and objective information simultaneously for vast territories. The approach makes up for a significant lack of data from the ground surveys of the region. Electronic thematic maps and digital models of the topography of the studied territory have been developed, which helps to determine the undeveloped lands suitable for agricultural use. The effectiveness and reliability of satellite data in analysis of poorly studied territories is demonstrated. The results of the study are of practical importance for the development of the informational basis for the land management systems in Afghanistan.

APPLICATION OF METHODS OF SPATIAL ANALYSIS IN ASSESSING THE REAL ESTATE MARKET

The article deals with the application of spatial analysis methods in assessing the real estate market. Real estate is viewed not only as a type of property but also as a tangible asset. Each participant in the real estate market solves one of two tasks: improving housing conditions or a profitable investment of capital. The selection of the most suitable real estate option that meets the criteria chosen by the purchaser is the most urgent task: theoretical and mathematical, statistical, cluster analysis. The city of Rostov-on-Don was chosen as the main object of the study. This choice was due to the high population density, the presence of a developed infrastructure: socially significant facilities (schools, kindergartens, hospitals, post offices, MFC offices), sports and entertainment centres, as well as a developed transport network. The main criterion for determining the most suitable service for obtaining the initial data for the study was the largest number of ads. The analysis of platforms containing information about real estate allowed us to choose the Avito service, which has the most complete database, as a data source. To collect data, a parser program was used that performs parsing. The information obtained was processed on a computer using spatial analysis software. The cartographic basis of the project is a map of the OpenStreetMap service.

DYNAMICS OF GREEN SPACES IN ST. PETERSBURG ACCORDING TO REMOTE SENSING DATA

. Urban development is formulated as one of seventeen sustainable development goals for the near future. Among the whole range of environmental problems of a modern city, the issues of urban greening occupy a special place. In the course of the work, the analysis of the spatial distribution and assessment of the dynamics of green spaces on the territory of the city of St. Petersburg and its administrative-territorial units (inner-city districts) was carried out according to the data of multispectral satellite images Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 for the period 2002–2018. The normalized vegetation index (NDVI) was used for quantitative assessment. Maps of the spatial distribution of NDVI for the specified period were built. A decrease in the indicators of the provision of green spaces for the specified period for various districts of the city has been established. The obtained maps of the city’s vegetation cover, based on Landsat satellite images, provide a visual representation of the spatial distribution of landscaping indicators with the possibility of their quantitative assessment, and provide planning of landscaping facilities. The data obtained as a result of the work can supplement existing knowledge when carrying out work on process research and monitoring, as well as when making practical decisions

MONITORING OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AT OIL AND GAS FACILITIES

The paper briefly presents a methodological approach to processing multi-zone satellite images of moderate spatial resolution. This approach allows detecting oil spill sites with sufficient reliability during rapid response and subsequent liquidation of the consequences of man-made emergencies at oil and gas facilities. The properties of modern, often used for monitoring territories, space remote sensing tools are analyzed in relation to the monitoring of man-made emergencies. The object of the study is the vicinity of the CHPP 3 of the Norilsk-Taimyr Energy Company, where a major accident occurred on May 29, 2020 – a tank with diesel fuel was depressurized at the facility – and as a result of the spill, more than 20 tons of fuel fell into the waters of the Daldykan and Ambarnaya rivers. This is one of the largest leaks of petroleum products in the Arctic zone in history, posing a threat to the ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean. Processing and subsequent analysis of satellite images of the territory of interest and surrounding objects were made during the research. According to satellite images, it became possible to assess the scale of the environmental disaster.