scholarly journals Energy Development Initiatives of India and Thailand under BIMSTEC: Progress and Dynamics

WIMAYA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Aksaraphak Chaipala
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Energy Cooperation ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pipeline Project ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Oil Crisis

The oil crisis in the early 1980s has triggered the necessity of finding oil reserves among non - oil producing countries. India and Thailand are both oil consumption countries. Because of the rapid economic development and high vehicular fuel consumption, India has become one of the top five oil consumption countries in the world. Thailand though has less population but the demand for oil energy is still increasing. From the geopolitics perspective, Myanmar is country with abundant oil resource that located between Thailand and India, become a vital geo – economics subject for both countries. Bilateral cooperation, between India - Myanmar and Thailand-Myanmar attests the importance of Myanmar in both regards. By visiting Myanmar, India’s ministry of energy has strengthened the energy cooperation between India and Myanmar. Meanwhile, Thailand, as a natural gas consumer from both the Yadana and Yetakun, in the Gulf of Mottama or Arakan, Myanmar, has hiked up her import of natural gas from Myanmar. The agreements in the 1990s have resulted in the increase of oil imports to India and Thailand. The oil demand for both countries could lead India and Thailand into competitors. Thanks to the policy of energy cooperation between India and Thailand, their attempts are to build multilateral partnership in order to increase the capability to strengthen energy connectivity from Myanmar. By making the connectivity more convenient and efficient has led to the creation of BIMSTEC Gas Pipeline project. Myanmar as the energy leader in BIMSTEC has placed Thailand, Myanmar, India and others countries in the framework of cooperation. In the future energy will play an important role to strengthen the cooperation in BIMSTEC which highly oil consumption still continuously. This article aims to show that the cooperation like BIMSTEC can guarantee the energy dependence for Thailand and India in the future. It will also analyze their related policy formulation, such as the plan for an alternative energy security.

scholarly journals The oil crisis and South Africa: A comparison with the world situation

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
D. J. Kotzé
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil From Coal ◽  
Oil Crisis

Energy as a strategic resource has become a crucial world issue, to sustain future economic growth and survival. The world depends for 95% of its total energy demand, on fossil fuel, supplies of which are limited, while world energy demand is increasing steadily along with population and economic growth. The West depends heavily on oil from the Middle East, and this has placed OPEC countries in a position to demand a twentyfold increase in crude oil prices in nine years. Alternative energy sources are discussed, but the world is still heading for a crisis due to imbalance between energy supply and demand. The energy situation in South Africa differs somewhat because local coal provides 80% of total energy requirements, and stringent conservation measures have achieved large reductions in oil consumption, while uranium, electricity generation and oil-from-coal technologies make the country less vulnerable than most other western countries.Energie as 'n strategiese hulpbron het wereldwyd krities geword, om toekomstige ekonomiese groei en oorlewing te verseker. Vir 95% van sy totale energieverbruik is die wereld afhanklik van fossielbrandstof, waarvan voorrade beperk is, terwyl die wereldvraag na energie steeds met bevolkings- en ekonomiese groei styg. Die Weste moet na die Midde-Ooste opsien vir olie, en dit het OPEC-lande in staat gestel om ruoliepryse in nege jaar twintigvoudig te verhoog. Alternatiewe energiebronne word bespreek, maar die wereld stuur steeds af op 'n krisis weens wanbalans tussen energievraag en -aanbod. Die energiesituasie in Suid-Afrika verskil ietwat omdat plaaslike steenkool 80% van totale energie benodig, verskaf, terwyl streng besparingsmaatreels groot vermindering in olieverbruik meegebring het, en uraan-, elektrisiteit- en olie-uitsteenkool-tegnologiee die land minder kwesbaar maak as meeste ander Westerse lande.

scholarly journals Optimization of dimethyl ether production process synthesis using superstructure analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03018
Author(s):  
Teerapat Laiwatthanaphaisarn ◽  
Amata Anantpinijwatna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
The Future ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

Current world energy consumption is likely to increase over time. This is due to the growth of industry and transportation. The most important and most used energy sources are crude oil and natural gas. The consumption of energy is increasing continuously due to the economic expansion of the world fleet. At present, prices of primary energy sources such as oil and natural gas tend to increase. In addition, oil and gas are limited and likely to run out in the future. Currently, research and research on alternative energy is ongoing. To find the best alternative energy to replace in the future. Dimethyl ether is a substance that can be used as a substitute for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) because of its similar physical properties. Most of them are used as fuel in vehicles. In addition, dimethyl ether is easier to liquefy than liquefied petroleum gas, giving advantages in terms of storage and transport, and a higher cetane value that can be used in the vehicle. Dimethyl ether is a substance that will burn completely. Dimethyl ether production has a wide variety of options. If the best option is difficult to analyse because of the complexity of the solution. Superstructure analysis will help to find alternatives for the production of dimethyl ether. Superstructure will identify the most economical alternative. The mathematical model is applied to the existing production process and new alternatives. In this work, the alternatives to produce dimethyl ether are displayed and the optimum alternative are chosen.

scholarly journals Application of New Energy Natural Gas in Ship Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Zhennan Yang ◽  
Liqun Pei ◽  
Jinsheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Ship Engineering

<p>Traditional ships are mainly fueled by diesel or gasoline, which are produced from the oil and are non-renewable. People are now rapidly consuming oil and burning oil generates poisonous gases day and night. Because of the soaring oil prices and the deteriorating ecology, many ship-owners are seeking an alternative energy to replace oil. Among all possible candidates, the calling of natural gas is getting higher and higher. This paper discusses the application of natural gas in ship engineering, and explains in detail the advantages and disadvantages. Natural gas may not be a new energy but has rarely been used in ship engineering so far. We conclude that its application in ship engineering helps to alleviate the fuel shortage in the future. </p>

The Study on Comprehensive Utilization of Liquefied Natural Gas

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 220-230
Author(s):  
De Zhi Yang ◽  
Xue Feng Peng ◽  
Yuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pipeline Transportation ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
The Future ◽  
Natural Gas Demand ◽  
New Generation

In recent years, the price of oil has been soaring. As an alternative energy, natural gas could well be the main energy of the future development. Next twenty years will be the age of rapid natural gas growing. It has been predicted that China will be one of the largest global natural gas consumers. Twenty-five percent of country’s total natural gas consumption was imported. However, China is unable to be self-sufficient in natural gas resources in last ten years. So it is necessary to depend on imports to meet the rapid rise in natural gas demand. There are two main channels to import natural gas: pipeline transportation and ship-loading liquefied natural gas. Due to the limitation of pipeline transportation, ship-loading LNG will be China’s major import channel in the future. LNG is irreplaceable, wide-used, clean and low-carbon. With continued progress in mining technique and the discoveries of unconventional energy, the available natural gas resources in China will be increasingly rich; this enables sustainable development in energy. The introduction and innovation of liquefaction technique and the localization of LNG technique will improve the embarrassing dependence on imported process technology and supply strong technique support for the development of LNG. Domestic liquefied natural gas plants’ out-put is expected to exceed 7.5 million tons per year. As the key measure to reduce PM 2.5 emission, LNG will gradually replace oil as a new-generation car fuel and become the new surpass the old-timer. With the implementation of LNG terminal project, the reception capacity will gradually increase. It is predicted that the reception capacity of China will reach about 65 million tons per year in 2015. Based on the present data, the utilization and promotion of LNG will explosively grow. This article is concerned with the following topics: utilization of LNG, the future of LNG, and some related problems and suggestions regarding LNG.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMIC-POLITICAL IMPORTANCE OF HYDROCARBONS IN CASE OF THE ACTUALITY OF DEVELOPIING OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES

2020 ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
KHATUNA TABAGARI
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
World Industry

Oil and natural gas are significant commodities in the world, on which the world industry, production, transport and other directions are depended. After the spreading of Corona Virus and continuous oil production by Russia, oil price began decreasing. This fact impacted on economy of the world oil producer countries and not only. It is noteworthy that the total bulk of the world oil reserves were 244.1 billion tonnes in 2018 which was increased by 1.3% compared to last year. At the same year the oil consumption was 4.5 billion tonnes which was increased by 1.6% compared to last year, too. Though oil consumption is connected to an ecological problems. The situation is lighter in case of natural gas, than oil. The alternative energies of oil, and generally hydrocarbons, are considered green economy, namely renewable energy resources. This means rationally using the resources, keeping reproductive processes, increasing productivity, saving economic and social prosperity of humans. Replacing non-renewable, lacking energy resources are being replaced with the renewable and ecologically clear ones (Abesadze, R. 2019). The aim of the sudy is to investigate how it is possible to replace hydrocarbons with renawble resources, how it only depends on the cost and stability of them, how it is possible to “let” the green economy, namely, renewable resources to be developed in the world, when oil and natural gas represent one of the instruments of power in the context of globalization.

Natural gas trade network of countries and regions along the belt and road: Where to go in the future?

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 101981
Author(s):  
Jiaman Li ◽  
Xiucheng Dong ◽  
Qingzhe Jiang ◽  
Kangyin Dong ◽  
Guixian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Trade Network ◽  
The Future ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

scholarly journals Taking Implementation Seriously in the Evaluation of Urban Growth Management Strategies: “Safeguarding the Future” of the Antwerp City-Region

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Clemens de Olde ◽  
Stijn Oosterlynck
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Growth Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Land Values ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
The Future ◽  
Urban Growth Management

Contemporary evaluations of urban growth management (UGM) strategies often take the shape of quantitative measurements of land values and housing prices. In this paper, we argue that it is of key importance that these evaluations also analyse the policy formulation and implementation phases of growth management strategies. It is in these phases that the institutions and discourses are (trans)formed in which UGM strategies are embedded. This will enable us to better understand the conditions for growth management policies’ success or failure. We illustrate this point empirically with the case of demarcating urban areas in the region of Flanders, Belgium. Using the Policy Arrangement Approach, the institutional dynamics and discursive meanings in this growth instrument’s formulation and implementation phase are unravelled. More specifically, we explain how the Flemish strategic spatial planning vision of restraining sprawl was transformed into one of accommodating growth in the demarcation of the Antwerp Metropolitan Area, epitomised by two different meanings of the phrase “safeguarding the future.” In conclusion, we argue that, in Antwerp, the demarcation never solidified into a stable policy arrangement, rendering it largely ineffective. We end by formulating three recommendations to contribute to future attempts at managing urban growth in Flanders.

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