CO2 emissions determinants: The case of the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) countries

<p>Awareness of climate change dangers on environmental sustainability has prompted some researcher to understand the explanatory factors behind increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Being the most important anthropogenic GHG in the atmosphere and the main cause of the environmental degradation, this paper aims to investigate the factors that are associated with variations in CO2 emissions in the Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) countries from 1990 to 2010, in order to design and implement appropriate policies. We use the Dynamic Common Correlated Effects (DCCE) estimation method regarding its power in the presence of heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence between variables. We find that improvement in energy efficiency and increasing use of renewable energy would positively affect CO2 emissions abatement. However, economic growth and industrialization development affect it negatively. Country analysis shows that the negative effect of economic activity on CO2 appears more in developing countries. Industrialization negatively affects CO2 emissions - mainly in developed countries. The positive effect of renewable energy as well as energy efficiency in curbing CO2 emissions is well pronounced in developed countries. Results also prove that the UfM developed and developing countries illustrate complementarities and necessities of exchanging and sharing to fight against climate change.</p>

Advanced Control Techniques for Enhance the Power System Stability at OOS Condition

<p>The power system stability is the accurate operation of the electric grid by restoring balance after being subjected to an abnormal condition such as fault, line switching, load rejection, and loss of excitation. Protective equipment in high voltage substations should fast and precisely localize the faults. Some abnormal conditions in the power system such as out-of-step (OOS) condition which is not a real fault, but the protection equipment will consider it is. This misjudgment will cause the loss of synchronism between areas within the power system or between interconnected systems and will lead to blackout of the national grid. This paper studied the OOS condition, philosophy of protection relay device and how to avoid the false operation for distance function by Out of Step Blocking (OSB) by using the advanced protection relay, to improve the stability of power system. </p>

Reliability / Security of Distribution System Network under Supporting by Distributed Generation

<p>This paper discusses the impact of Distributed Generator (DG) on the power system for enhancing the power system quality by improving the voltage profile and power losses reduction. With the increasing on the demand power and the power system extension, the distributed renewable energy technologies are becoming increasingly important in the energy supply systems of many countries. DGs units can be defined as a small-units that generate electric power near to the location of customers based on the renewable energy techniques, including wind energy, solar energy, and geothermal energy. Interconnecting DG to an existing distribution system provides various benefits to several entities as for example the owner, utility and the final user. DG provides an enhanced power quality, higher reliability of the distribution system and can peak shaves and fill valleys. However, the integration of DG into existing networks has associated several technical, economic and regulatory questions. Also, this paper uses the power system IEEE-12 busses for an example to illustrate the voltage control and decreases the active and reactive power losses by adding the wind generation DGs with the distribution network. </p>

Research and Verification of Blackbody Radiation Law

<p>Blackbody radiation theory is one of the important origins of light quantum theory in the twentieth century. It is not only an important basis for quantum mechanics and photonics theory, but also an important conclusion of blackbody radiation, and an important foundation of modern measurement. In the early nineteenth century, the study of thermal radiation was supported by thermodynamics and spectroscopy, and the rapid development of electromagnetism and optics was used. By the end of the 19th century, it was recognized that both the thermal radiation and the optical radiation were electromagnetic waves, and began to study the distribution of radiant energy in different frequency ranges, especially the study of blackbody radiation in theory and practice. Blackbody radiation experiment is one of the contents of modern physics experiment in colleges and universities. This paper mainly studies and validates the law of blackbody radiation by the WGH-10 blackbody experimental device. There is already a calibrated bromine tungsten lamp energy curve at 2940k. At the beginning of the experiment, we should scan at 2940k color temperature to get the baseline, and then calculate the transfer function. Again, the energy curve obtained by scanning at different color temperatures is divided by the transfer function to obtain the correct energy radiation curve. The experimental study of blackbody radiation by computer scanning grating spectrometer and bromine tungsten lamp was carried out. By means of scrolling grating and sine mechanism, the data were recorded by computer scanning to verify the three laws of blackbody radiation directly, and the radiation, transmission and reception of blackbody were analyzed Error correction. </p>

Research on Light Source Tracking Method of Photovoltaic Power Generation System

In this paper, a new type of solar energy automatic tracking controller based on single chip microcomputer is designed to improve the utilization rate of solar energy. Using AT89S52 microcontroller as the core control components, through two photoelectric sensors, signal is collected through the comparison circuit and A / D, the results will be outputted to the single-chip microcontroller for data analysis and processing before output to ULN2003A to control the five-wire four-phase step motor to achieve the tracking of the sun position. The system has the advantages of low cost, and has good anti-interference ability improving the utilization rate of solar energy. The design firstly completed the simulation of the program, and then mainly editing using C programming to complete the program design. Through the downloader the program will be programmed into the microcontroller. Finally, through the construction of hardware experiments to achieve the objective of designed tracking.

Light Hydrocarbon Gas Technology and Its Prospect

<p>Light hydrocarbons are treated as a by-product of the petrochemical industry. They are clean and inexpensive fuels that not only less pollute the environment but also save valuable energy. Through the analysis of light hydrocarbon fuel development status, people now use light hydrocarbon for gasification combustion. This usage requires high quality of light hydrocarbon and strict safety. The feasibility of using light hydrocarbon gas as fuel to replace diesel in oil boilers has been proposed for the current industrial boilers in China, and the sources of light hydrocarbon fuels and the safety of such alternative technologies have been specifically described. We believe such replacement can effectively reduce the dependency of the international oil market. </p>

Application of New Energy Natural Gas in Ship Engineering

<p>Traditional ships are mainly fueled by diesel or gasoline, which are produced from the oil and are non-renewable. People are now rapidly consuming oil and burning oil generates poisonous gases day and night. Because of the soaring oil prices and the deteriorating ecology, many ship-owners are seeking an alternative energy to replace oil. Among all possible candidates, the calling of natural gas is getting higher and higher. This paper discusses the application of natural gas in ship engineering, and explains in detail the advantages and disadvantages. Natural gas may not be a new energy but has rarely been used in ship engineering so far. We conclude that its application in ship engineering helps to alleviate the fuel shortage in the future. </p>

The process of liquefied natural gas

In this paper, the analysis of liquefied natural gas process plant technology, into the device before the natural gas compression, and then through the MEA aqueous solution to remove CO2. Finally, the compressed water removed; clean natural gas before entering the liquefaction unit. In the liquefaction unit, the high-pressure natural gas is cooled and liquefied deep. The required cooling capacity is obtained by circulating the gas turbine to drive the closed mixed refrigerant nitrogen, methane, ethylene, propane and other components, and liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is finally stored in an atmospheric tank through a liquefied natural gas container or liquefied natural gas tanker for distribution. The recycle of the recycle refrigerant is carried out by means of environmental conditions. The heating medium required during the installation process is the hot oil heated by the exhaust gas of the gas turbine. The liquefied gas in the liquefied natural gas tank is compressed to regenerate the desiccant and then sent to the gas turbine as the fuel gas.