scholarly journals Optimization of dimethyl ether production process synthesis using superstructure analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03018
Author(s):  
Teerapat Laiwatthanaphaisarn ◽  
Amata Anantpinijwatna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
The Future ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

Current world energy consumption is likely to increase over time. This is due to the growth of industry and transportation. The most important and most used energy sources are crude oil and natural gas. The consumption of energy is increasing continuously due to the economic expansion of the world fleet. At present, prices of primary energy sources such as oil and natural gas tend to increase. In addition, oil and gas are limited and likely to run out in the future. Currently, research and research on alternative energy is ongoing. To find the best alternative energy to replace in the future. Dimethyl ether is a substance that can be used as a substitute for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) because of its similar physical properties. Most of them are used as fuel in vehicles. In addition, dimethyl ether is easier to liquefy than liquefied petroleum gas, giving advantages in terms of storage and transport, and a higher cetane value that can be used in the vehicle. Dimethyl ether is a substance that will burn completely. Dimethyl ether production has a wide variety of options. If the best option is difficult to analyse because of the complexity of the solution. Superstructure analysis will help to find alternatives for the production of dimethyl ether. Superstructure will identify the most economical alternative. The mathematical model is applied to the existing production process and new alternatives. In this work, the alternatives to produce dimethyl ether are displayed and the optimum alternative are chosen.

Primary Energy Sources of Electric Power in China

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-327
Author(s):  
David Denny
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Electrical Generation ◽  
Year 2000

Electrical generation, 938 Mw, now predominantly (62%) from coal with hydro- at 29% and oil and natural gas at 9%, is expected to grow to 255,000 Mw by the year 2000. Coal will contribute 67%, oil and gas 4%, hydro- 27% and nuclear 2%. There are small, local sources of energy for power generation: geothermal, tidal and wind. Development will be affected by the availability of resources and the extent to which foreign participation is sought.

scholarly journals Advantages of biomass compared to traditional fuels

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
L. Stepasyuk ◽  
◽  
O. Nahorna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The Developed Countries

Given Ukraine's high dependence on imported energy, primarily natural gas, and the availability of great biomass potential, it has been proven that bioenergy is one of the strategic directions of the sector's development in renewable energy sources. It is determined that the pace of bioenergy development in Ukraine still lags significantly behind European ones. It is established, that in the developed countries of the world use of biomass as a source of energy continues to play an important role because of a significant increase in prices for oil and gas, as well as the growing demand for protection of the environment. Therefore, the introduction of modern technologies for continuous energy production from biomass is an important condition for the solution of problems of supply of energy and prevent degradation of the environment. The possibility of using biofuels in the Kyiv region is proved, the investment attractiveness of this region as a source of thermal energy is revealed. The methodical approach to estimating the theoretical potential of waste due to the use of alternative energy sources is substantiated. The theoretical energy potential of the biomass of by-products of agricultural crops of private enterprise "Sosnova" was assessed, which made it possible to determine the prospects of an agricultural enterprise in the energy supply of the Kyiv region at the expense of biofuels. According to the generally accepted method, the theoretical energy potential of straw and vegetable waste of private enterprise "Sosnova" was calculated, which in the market turnover in 2019 amounted to 8392 tons of oil equivalent. It was determined that the predominant type of biomass in the studied enterprise were corn stalks and wheat straw. On the example of the object of the school, which is located near the investigated enterprise, the calculation of savings on heating by replacing the traditional type of fuel (natural gas) with biofuel. The calculations show that due to biofuels the company can provide 28% of the school's need for the heating season. The savings will be - 60.6 thousand UAH and its use allow you to save about 43% of fuel annually.

International competition for oil and natural gas and its impact on international relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Harith Qahtan Abdullah ◽  
Muthanna Faiq Meri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Investment Process

Energy sources Oil and natural gas are of great importance in international competition and its impact on international relations, as well as the importance of oil and natural gas in maintaining the position of countries in the hegemony and the global economy as well as the level of economic development. Which calls on the major economic powers to pay attention to this type of energy sources and try to obtain more, whether through bilateral economic agreements and attention to the investment process or through wars, as happened in the US war on Iraq in 2003, which indicates the importance of obtaining On oil in various ways and push the international forces to compete for this vital product, especially in light of the inability of alternative energy sources to compensate oil in industries and at least to reduce the importance of consuming countries by this on the one hand, and on the other hand, the rise in the price of global markets made The producing countries are of importance to the industrial countries, and in maintaining access roads without obstacles or problems that may hinder their arrival, creating another economic crisis in light of the economic and financial crises witnessed by the global economic system

scholarly journals Advanced Green Technologies Toward Future Sustainable Energy Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Secondary Energy ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Energy

Currently, the usable energy is basically harvested from the fossil energy sources, including coal, oil, and gas, which are believed to harm the environment due to the emitted GHGs. The awareness to the climate change and limited reserve of fossil energy sources has led to a strong motivation to develop a new energy system which can facilitate three important pillars: security, clean environment, and economic opportunity. This future energy system is strongly expected to be able to blend both fossil and renewable energy sources, while minimize its environmental impacts. To realize it, the primary energy sources are converted to the efficient secondary energy sources, including electricity and hydrogen. These two kinds of secondary energy source are considered very promising in the future, following a high demand in many sectors. In transportation sector, both electricity and hydrogen are believed to become the future fuels as the deployment of electric and fuel cell vehicles is increasing rapidly. In this paper, several potential technologies to produce the energy cleanly from primary energy sources are introduced and evaluated. In addition, clean and efficient technologies in storage and utilization are also described.

The Role of Oil and Gas in the Economic Development of the Global Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Factor Inputs ◽  
The Impact

This chapter is concerned with the role of oil and gas in the economic development of the global economy. It focuses on the context in which established and newer oil and gas producers in developing countries must frame their policies to optimize the benefits of such resources. It outlines a history of the issue over the last twenty-five years. It considers oil and gas as factor inputs, their role in global trade, the role of oil prices in the macroeconomy and the impact of the geopolitics of oil and gas. It then considers various conventional views of the future of oil and gas in the primary energy mix. Finally, it challenges the drivers behind these conventional views of the future with an emphasis on why they may prove to be different from what is expected and how this may change the context in which producers must frame their policy responses.

scholarly journals Evaluation and re-understanding of the global natural gas hydrate resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-338
Author(s):  
Xiong-Qi Pang ◽  
Zhuo-Heng Chen ◽  
Cheng-Zao Jia ◽  
En-Ze Wang ◽  
He-Sheng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Natural Gas Hydrate ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recoverable Resources

AbstractNatural gas hydrate (NGH) has been widely considered as an alternative to conventional oil and gas resources in the future energy resource supply since Trofimuk’s first resource assessment in 1973. At least 29 global estimates have been published from various studies so far, among which 24 estimates are greater than the total conventional gas resources. If drawn in chronological order, the 29 historical resource estimates show a clear downward trend, reflecting the changes in our perception with respect to its resource potential with increasing our knowledge on the NGH with time. A time series of the 29 estimates was used to establish a statistical model for predict the future trend. The model produces an expected resource value of 41.46 × 1012 m3 at the year of 2050. The statistical trend projected future gas hydrate resource is only about 10% of total natural gas resource in conventional reservoir, consistent with estimates of global technically recoverable resources (TRR) in gas hydrate from Monte Carlo technique based on volumetric and material balance approaches. Considering the technical challenges and high cost in commercial production and the lack of competitive advantages compared with rapid growing unconventional and renewable resources, only those on the very top of the gas hydrate resource pyramid will be added to future energy supply. It is unlikely that the NGH will be the major energy source in the future.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF ENTERPRISES AS A KEY FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMY

10.23856/3304 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Kateryna Andriushchenko ◽  
Lidiya Shergina ◽  
Vita Kovtun ◽  
Nataliia Revutska ◽  
Andrii Vashchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Energy Independence

The transition to alternative energy sources requires a long period, attracting significant investments in the process of creating and developing environmentally friendly fuels. Creating an environmentally safe, energy-efficient economy is a prerequisite for sustainable development of each country. The above-mentioned factors determine the relevance of the study of the problems of the functioning and development of energy, which is mainly due to the economic expediency of renewable energy and the requirements of the country's energy independence. The objective of the article is to determine the features of ensuring the energy efficiency of the Ukrainian economy using alternative energy sources. Research shows that the development of alternative energy will allow us to move away from the use of traditional fuels and create the prerequisites for the energy independence of countries. Taking into account the natural factors and the significant dependence of Ukraine on imported primary energy sources, it is determined that solving the problem of increasing energy efficiency of the economy is possible only with the stimulation of the use of alternative energy sources. The most promising sources of energy are identified, namely: biofuels, wind energy, geothermal energy, solar energy, solar thermal, controlled thermonuclear fusion, energy of tides and effluents. The recommendations for realization of such directions of the policy of the state regulation in the energy sphere as energy security, energy efficiency, energy saving are given.

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