scholarly journals Prince Boun Oum and the March 24, 1945 Treaty: A Possibility of Independent Champassak Following World War II

WIMAYA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Preeyaporn Kantala
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Ongoing Study ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World War ◽  
Ethnic Nationalism ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Historical Methodology

This article is part of the author’s ongoing study of Champassak and the formation of the new Lao state, with the aim of understanding Champassak’s dubious standing within Lao state, Siam, French Indochina, and even its self-image. In terms of historical methodology, the author discusses the treaty reached between Prince Boun Oum and Charles de Gaulle’s provisional government on March 24, 1945, which promised independence and membership in the French Union after WWII. Although Prince Boun Oum’s ambitious goal of independence for Champassak failed, this situation could be viewed as another form of the Lao state that was overlooked after Lao independence. Finally, the Champassak case is relevant to the debate about the current existence of a nation-state in this region and ethnic nationalism.

Maintaining Modernity

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-205
Author(s):  
Michitake Aso
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Industrial Agriculture ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
World War ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
Indochina War

Rubber trees helped structure the violent transition from empire to nation-state during nearly thirty years of conflict on the Indochinese peninsula. Chapter 5 focuses on the struggle over plantations that took place in Vietnam and Cambodia between 1945 and 1954. During the First Indochina War, plantation environments served as a key military battleground. In the fighting that took place immediately after the end of World War II, many plantation workers, encouraged by the anticolonial Việt Minh, attacked the rubber trees as symbols of hated colonial-era abuse. Slogans placing the culpability of worker suffering on trees show how plantation workers often treated the trees themselves as enemies. Despite their colonial origins, plantation environments were important material and symbolic landscapes for those seeking to build postcolonial Vietnamese nations. French planters claimed to struggle heroically against nature, Vietnamese workers saw themselves as struggling against both nature and human exploitation, and anticolonial activists articulated struggles against imperial power structures. Industrial agriculture such as rubber was vital to nation-building projects, and by the early 1950s, Vietnamese planners began to envision a time when plantations would form a part of a national economy.

scholarly journals The Syrkus couple and the global cause of modernism

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-508
Author(s):  
Martin Kohlrausch
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World War ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
New Nation ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the role of modernist architects in Poland during the first half of the twentieth century. The article argues that against the background of economic catching-up processes and the establishment of a new nation state and capital, modernist architects could enter into a close relationship with the modernising state. This relationship could partially survive World War II, albeit under different auspices. By employing the example of Poland’s foremost modernist architect Szymon Syrkus and his wife Helena, and their extensive correspondence with other Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne architects, the article discusses, moreover, the impact of the deep breaks coming with the rise of authoritarian regimes in the 1930s, the coming World War and the Holocaust, and finally the establishment of communist regimes on modernist architects.

„Ära Voss“

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-316
Author(s):  
Ute Pothmann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Family Background ◽  
World War ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
Self Image ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Background ◽  
Egyptian Government ◽  
New Research

Abstract This article investigates one stage in the career of Dr. Wilhelm Voss (1896-1974) who was a chartered accountant, manager of the Reichswerke “Hermann Göring” and armament adviser to the Egyptian government after World War II. During the Weimar republic Voss was a respected association official and chartered accountant without a political background. Between spring 1933 and autumn 1934 he integrated himself fast and successfully into the Nazi regime. The article explores Voss’ actions, his motives and family background as well as professional points of contact to National Socialism. At the same time it reveals the difficult development of chartered accountancy as a profession in Germany around 1930 and attempts to professionalize the occupation by different individuals and organisations. This paper takes up new research approaches to the history of elites. The source material is evaluated on the four analysis levels of “authority”, “situation”, “profession” and “self-image”.

scholarly journals Nimble Nationalism: Transgenerational Experiences of East Karelian Refugees in Finland and Sweden

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-293
Author(s):  
Seija Jalagin
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World War ◽  
Migrant Community ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Narratives ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractLooking at the relationship of experiences and memory Jalagin discusses the significance of the nation for a minority of a minority. Focusing on Soviet Karelian refugees who sought asylum first in interwar Finland and then in post-World War II Sweden, the chapter explores family histories as presented by government authorities in archival documents as well as in written and oral history narratives. Jalagin argues that the nation-state dominated the national experience because the refugees were meticulously controlled by government immigration policies and practices. While considering Sweden their home country, the refugees emotionally tended to identify with the Finnish migrant community in Sweden. Their sense of Finnishness testifies to flexible nationalism, making the nation-state an ambivalent, yet important element in their life.

scholarly journals Dansk idræt og den nazistiske udfordring i 1930'erne

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Bonde
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World War ◽  
German Nation

Artiklen omhandler det uadskillige forhold mellem sport og politik og fokuserer på den danske idrætsverdens reaktioner på den nazistiske magtovertagelse i 1933 med særlig henblik på OL i Berlin 1936. Danish sport and the Nazi-challenge in the 1930’sDenmark’s small size as a nation state and its vulnerable position as neighbour to an aggressive and armed German nation, increasingly through the second half of the 1930s, gave Danish responses to German sport its peculiar touch. Firstly, in Nazi mythology, Denmark was defined as a pure Aryan zone and therefore should be treated in the best manner possible. This racial concept, however, was not fully understood in the Danish sporting world that just noted the friendly attitudes of the sporting authorities of Germany. Secondly, it was possible in a direct geographical sense to link Denmark to Germany through women’s distance swimming between the two countries and through events such as the three-day Berlin to Copenhagen stage race. As a consequence of this, Denmark, as the sole nation among the European democracies, continued to cooperate on the sporting field with Germany after World War II had broken out until the occupation of Denmark 9. April 1940.

Economic Development and Institutional Change, 1914–1950

2018 ◽  
pp. 184-203
Author(s):  
Şevket Pamuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World War ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Per Capita

This chapter explains how the period 1913 to 1950 was exceptionally difficult for Turkey. The country had to deal with the difficulties of the transition from being part of a larger empire to becoming a nation-state within new borders. Available data suggest income per capita declined by as much as 40 percent during World War I and remained depressed until the end of the War of Independence in 1922. Per capita incomes then increased rapidly in the 1920s and caught up with their pre-World War I levels and may have even slightly exceeded them by 1929. They then fell sharply, by more than 30 percent during World War II. Given these very large fluctuations in per capita income, it makes a big difference which end years are used in calculating the average growth rates for this period.

1. Integration and Disintegration before 1945

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stirk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
New Order ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World War ◽  
National Integration ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines patterns of national integration and international disintegration in the decades before World War II. It first provides an overview of integration and disintegration before World War I, along with World War I and postwar reconstruction, before discussing the challenge of the New Order envisioned by Adolf Hitler. It argues that national integration was a source of myths that formed an obstacle to the consolidation of incipient European integration. It also shows that economic integration did not lead inexorably to political unification and that visions of empire, central to the history of the major European states, challenged the supposed pre-eminence of the nation state and were bound up, in varying degrees, with some visions of integration. Finally, the chapter explains how integration, often assumed to be a peaceful process in contrast to the violent proclivities of nationalism and the nation state, has not always taken a benign form.

Interdependence: Myth or Reality?

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Rosecrance ◽  
Arthur Stein
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World War ◽  
External Reference ◽  
The World ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
National Economies

One of the uncertainties of modern international relations is the degree of interdependence among states. Some theorists have asserted that interdependence is high and/or growing, and others have maintained that it is low and/or declining. Essentially, the debate about interdependence has proceeded in three separate phases, (i) In the aftermath of World War II, technology was heralded as the stimulus to an interrelationship among states: The world was shrinking; technological, military, and economic factors would produce interdependence even among erstwhile enemies. (2) Later this conventional wisdom was challenged by Karl Deutsch and his associates, who purported to show that various economic indicators of external reference were declining. International transactions were lessening relative to intranational transactions. More and more, citizens were turning to the nation-state for the satisfaction of their needs, and national economies were taking precedence over the previous international economy of the nineteenth century. This theme has recently been powerfully reinforced by Kenneth Waltz. (3) In reaction to the claims of the Deutsch group, which initially predicted stalemate in European unification efforts and a greater autarchy for industrial states, new presentations of the argument in favor of interdependence have been made. According to this view, interdependence among states is certainly increasing. A symposium on the international corporation partly reinforces Deutsch's view, while one on transnational processes argues against it. The resultant of these theoretical vectors remains uncertain. In this essay we hope to offer new data and to provide a modest reconciliation of the contending claims, drawing a trial balance between them.

Territoriality and State Succession in Cultural Heritage

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-396
Author(s):  
Andrzej Jakubowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Assets ◽  
State Succession ◽  
Principle Of Territoriality

Abstract:The international legal discourse on the topic of state succession in cultural property has long been dominated by the concept of territoriality—the territorial provenance (origin) of cultural assets. This traditional reasoning was essentially rooted in the idea of the European nation-state. In the last 50 years, the principle of territoriality has also become accommodated within the framework of the preservation of cultural heritage. Yet such territorial and protective approaches do not take into account the value of cultural heritage for society, that is, groups and individuals that have created or maintained a given heritage. This article attempts to explore the potential clash between the principles of territoriality and human rights, with respect to state succession in cultural heritage matters. In this context, it deals with some recent ongoing interstate negotiations on the allocation of and access to cultural property with respect to post–World War II developments in state succession among Poland, Germany, and Ukraine.

The Development of Libya's Air Links with Britain

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
A. B. Marghani
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Nation State ◽  
World War ◽  
The Future

AbstractThe development of air traffic between Britain and Libya is described, from its origins after World War II to the present day. Several key stages are analysed, notably the Air Services Agreements of 1953 and 1972. The changing terms of Anglo-Libyan air links reflect the broader political shifts of a period which has seen Libya transformed from a colonial territory to a prosperous independent nation state. In spite of the current hiatus in air traffic between Britain and Libya, the close links between Libyan aviation and Britain give hope for the future.

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