scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL ENGINEERING NETWORK METHODS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (157) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
V. Zhvan ◽  
V. Donenko ◽  
S. Kulish ◽  
A. Taran
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Horizontal Directional Drilling ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the effective analysis of trench and trenchless pipeline laying technologies. In the course of the work, an analytical review of pipeline assembly was performed, the main technological parameters, the scope of each method, and their advantages and disadvantages were determined. List of considered pipeline laying methods: trenching, horizontal directional drilling, mechanical puncture, hydraulic puncture, microtunneling and punching. The article analyzes the classical trench method and the most widely used trenchless ones: horizontal directional drilling; mechanical puncture; hydraulic puncture; microtunneling; punching. Each of these methods has several advantages and disadvantages. The choice of the optimal method of laying the pipeline depends on many factors: the physical and mechanical properties of soils and hydrogeological conditions, the length and diameter of the pipeline, the presence of other communications, buildings and structures, as well as the budget that customers have. Work time is the last deciding factor. Based on the results of the analysis of pipeline laying technologies and expert survey of construction industry experts, the cost table of each method was compiled, outlining the main characteristics of the technology: length of pipeline, speed of work, scope, cost, and the advantages and disadvantages of each of the considered methods. The conclusions about the use of each of the pipeline laying methods were made. Each of the methods has its advantages and disadvantages, so to choose the method of work it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment of technological parameters, cost, scope and timing of work. The cost of lay-ing the pipeline consists of the following factors: conducting research; selection of diameter and determination of pipeline length; choice of laying method and equipment necessary for the works; selection of equipment, shut-off and control equipment and other materials arranged on the pipeline; terms of performance of works. Taking into account these factors, an estimate is made, which determines the cost of installation of a particular pipeline. After the analysis, we can conclude that among the methods of trenchless laying of pipelines can be identi-fied horizontally directional drilling, it is this method of laying the pipeline will be appropriate to use for our region. The drilling technique allows to carry out pipelines under obstacles, to pull long segments of networks, to repair site damage. This method is universal and can be used in almost any environment. Keywords: trenches, horizontal directional drilling, mechanical puncture, hydraulic piercing, microtunnelling, punching, pipeline.

Approaches to the Organization of International Accounting in Russian Enterprises

TEM Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Surkova ◽  
Galina A. Skachko ◽  
Larisa K. Nikandrova ◽  
Maria M. Starkova ◽  
Nina F. Sakharova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses current issues of transformation of accounting information in accordance with international financial reporting standards (IFRS). This study is primarily aimed at developing approaches that determine the need for Russian enterprises to provide accounting information comparable at the international level. The authors analyze methods of transferring data from the Russian Accounting Standard (RAS) to IFRS. The methods used to form financial statements in accordance with IFRS are discussed. The issues of the application of these methods, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, are discussed. The author's approach to the selection of the optimal method of transformation is proposed taking into account the individual needs of organizations.

scholarly journals Greedy Algorithm for Minimizing the Cost of Routing Power on a Digital Microgrid

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengqi Jiang ◽  
Vinit Sahasrabudhe ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed ◽  
Haim Grebel ◽  
Roberto Rojas-Cessa
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Lower Complexity ◽  
Cost Paths ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, we propose the greedy smallest-cost-rate path first (GRASP) algorithm to route power from sources to loads in a digital microgrid (DMG). Routing of power from distributed energy resources (DERs) to loads of a DMG comprises matching loads to DERs and the selection of the smallest-cost-rate path from a load to its supplying DERs. In such a microgrid, one DER may supply power to one or many loads, and one or many DERs may supply the power requested by a load. Because the optimal method is NP-hard, GRASP addresses this high complexity by using heuristics to match sources and loads and to select the smallest-cost-rate paths in the DMG. We compare the cost achieved by GRASP and an optimal method based on integer linear programming on different IEEE test feeders and other test networks. The comparison shows the trade-offs between lowering complexity and achieving optimal-cost paths. The results show that the cost incurred by GRASP approaches that of the optimal solution by small margins. In the adopted networks, GRASP trades its lower complexity for up to 18% higher costs than those achieved by the optimal solution.

Design of special tools by CAD/CAM systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-371
Author(s):  
J C Rico ◽  
S Mateos ◽  
E Cuesta ◽  
C M Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Automatic Design ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Optimum Cutting ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Cam Systems ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents a program for the automatic design of special tools developed under a CAD/CAM (computer aided design/manufacture) system. In particular, the special tools made with standard components have been considered. Since the design of these types of tools was essentially related to the selection of their components, this paper deals with this aspect, insisting upon the selection of those components directly related to the removal of material: the toolholders or cartridges and the inserts. To select these components it is necessary to take into account not only geometrical or technological rules but also economical ones, owing to the high amount of possible components they can select. Consideration of economical aspects required the formulation of the cost equation associated with the use of these types of tools, characterized because their cutting edges coincide with different cutting velocities. Likewise, consideration of economical aspects allows the selection of the optimum cutting conditions and the cutting components to take place at the same time. Some of the geometrical and technological parameters related to the selection of cutting components are automatically identified by the system through an automatic identification of the workpiece profile.

scholarly journals Numerical Methods for Optimization of the Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) Well Path Trajectory

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Wiśniowski ◽  
Paweł Łopata ◽  
Grzegorz Orłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
State Space ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Trajectory Design ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Horizontal Directional Drilling ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
State Space Search

Advances in the field of material engineering, computerization, automation, and equipment miniaturization enable modernization of the existing technologies and development of new solutions for construction, inspection, and renovation of underground pipelines. Underground pipe installations are used in the energy sector, gas industry, telecommunications, water and sewage transport, heating, chemical industry, and environmental engineering. In order to build new pipeline networks, dig and no-dig techniques are used. Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is one of the most popular trenchless technologies. The effectiveness of HDD technology application is mostly determined by its properly designed trajectory. Drilling failures and complications, which often accompany the application of the HDD technology, result from poor design of the well path in relation to the existing geological and drilling conditions. The article presented two concepts of Horizontal Directional Drilling well path trajectory design: Classic sectional, which is a combination of straight and curvilinear sections, and a single-section chain curve trajectory (catenary). Taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of the catenary trajectory relative to the sectional trajectory, the author’s solution was presented, which was the implementation of the sectional trajectory with a maximum shape similarity to the catenary trajectory. The new approach allowed us to take advantage of a chain curve trajectory and was easier to implement using the available technology. The least squares method, based on deviations from a catenary trajectory, was set as the matching criterion. The process of searching for a trajectory, being a combination of straight and curvilinear sections as similar as possible to a catenary-type trajectory, was carried out using two methodologies: State space search and a genetic algorithm. The article shows the pros and cons of both optimization methodologies. Taking into account the technical and technological limitations of HDD drilling devices, a new approach was proposed, combining the methodology of state space search with the genetic algorithm. A calculation example showed the application of the proposed methodology in an engineering design process.

scholarly journals CHOICE THE RESTORING METHOD OF DETAILS BY QUALITY CRITERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (46) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Horbenko S ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Ion Nitriding ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing methods of surface layer modification and to choose such a method of restoration of parts, which takes into account the quality criteria that affect the op­erational properties and ensure their required level after the modification process. The main methods of surface layer modification are considered in the article, the main advantages and disadvantages of technological process that can be applied are analyzed and systematized. In the article quantitative indicators of the main technological parameters of each of the considered methods of restoration of operational properties are considered and presented as a table. According to the results of the analysis, a method for choosing a rational technological process of res­toration was proposed and criteria were formed according to which the most optimal method of surface layer modification would be fulfilled. . The object of study is the quality criteria and the basic methods for restoring the performance of en­gine parts that satisfy these criteria. Using the developed methodology and the data from Table 2, a diagram of the dependence of energy consumption costs, which will be consumed when provided with a layer of certain hardness for a given thickness, was constructed. Based on the analysis, which included a comparison of the characteristics of surface hardening meth­ods and their evaluation by quality criteria, it was found that the most promising method is ion nitriding and laser thermal hardening. KEYWORDS: MODIFICATION, SURFACE LAYER, RESTORATION, QUALITY CRITERIA

scholarly journals РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ МОДИФІКОВАНОГО НАМЕТУ УСБ-56

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
З. С. Сірко ◽  
Б. Й. Запталов ◽  
Є. А. Стариш ◽  
Д. П. Торчилевський ◽  
І. І. Котлярова
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

The  purpose  of  the  tent  modification  type  USB-56  is  improvements  its  exploitative characteristics and reduction the cost of its production. Method. During the study of the physical and mechanical properties of the fabric, techniques were used to determine linear dimensions, linear and surface densities, to determine the breaking characteristics during stretching of the fabric, to determine the hygroscopic and water repellent properties of the tissue. All of  the  previously  used  methods  are  from  the  normative  and  technical  documentations.  The  selection  of samples of tissue was carried out in accordance with the requirements of normative documents.

scholarly journals Using remote sensing for monitoring of reforestation in boreal forest

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Карпов ◽  
А.П. Богданов ◽  
Н.Р. Пирцхалава-Карпова ◽  
Н.А. Демина
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Radar Data Processing ◽  
Optical Radar

Оценка лесовосстановления по спутниковым снимкам и создание системы мониторинга является важной задачей на сегодняшний день. Российские и зарубежные ученые проводят исследования в этом направлении, но анализ лесовосстановления является сложной темой исследования в отличие от выявления вырубок и гарей по спутниковым снимкам. Лесовосстановление также является сложным, многофакторным процессом, зависящим от множества факторов. Данная статья описывает мировой опыт создания различных методик для мониторингалесовосстановления, используя различные подходы анализа данных и сенсоры, установленные на спутниках. В рамках статьи рассмотрено применение оптических, радарных снимков и данных, полученных с лидарных сенсоров. Это попытка структурировать накопленный опыт в данной сфере и сгруппировать разработанные методики для анализа их преимуществ и недостатков. Тип сенсора определяет длительность периода мониторинга. Радарные данные позволяют определять процесс лесовосстановления до 60 лет в отличие от оптических сенсоров, которые имеют значительно меньший период оценки лесовосстановления. Применение радарных данных может быть ограничено стоимостью работы и сложностью обработки радарных данных, поэтому использование тех или иных методик может иметь финансовые ограничения. Данный обзор показывает все основные методы оценки лесовосстановления. Assessment of reforestation using satellite images and creation of a monitoring system is an important task today. Russian and foreign scientists are conducting research in this direction, but the analysis of reforestation is a complex topic of research in contrast to the detection of cuttings and burned areas by satellite images. The process of reforestation is a complex, multi-factor process depending on many factors. This article describes the world experience of creating different methods for monitoring forest regeneration and uses different approaches to data analysis and sensors installed on satellites. In the framework of article was considered using of optical, radar images and data obtained from lidar sensors. This is an attempt to structure the accumulated experience in this field and group the developed methods to analyze their advantages and disadvantages. Data from different sensors have different monitoring period. Radar data allow determining the process of reforestation up to 60 years in contrast to optical sensors, which have a much shorter period of reforestation assessment. The using of radar data were limited by the cost of operation and complexity of radar data processing and using of certain techniques may have financial limitations. This review showed all the main methods of assessment of reforestation.

SELECTION OF THE NUMBER OF CLUSTERS IN K-MEAN ALGORITHM USING CLUSTER SOLUTION ENTROPY

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
V. I. Oreshkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cluster Solutions ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses the problem of choosing the number of clusters in popular k-means clustering algorithm. It is noted that an unsuccessful choice of this hyper parameter can lead to the creation of a cluster structure the meaningful interpretation of which in the process of data mining leads to false conclusions and making incorrect management decisions based on them. The aim of the work is to develop a method for automatic selection of the number of clusters for k-means algorithm. The article provides an analytical review of the known methods for determining the number of clusters, their advantages and disadvantages being noted. The proposed approach is based on the elbow method, which uses the entropy of cluster solutions instead of the mean squares of clustering error. A practical example shows that the use of cluster solution entropy makes it possible to choose the number of clusters even in the case when the approach based on clustering error turns out to be untenable.

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