scholarly journals METHODS OF OBTAINING AND USING QUALITY DATA IN THE PRACTICE OF URBAN PLANNING

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (166) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
S. Ilchenko
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Rational Model

This article uses the term “spatial knowledge” to describe methods aimed at obtaining qualitative data on urban space. The study examines the coexistence of formal planning with informal planning practices. This coexistence takes place in the context of changes in current legislation and the growing influence of local communities in urban development planning. This paper describes certain methods for analyzing the "spatial practices" of the local community and examples of interaction between municipal authorities and NGOs. Communication between governmental and non-governmental planning agents explicitly or implicitly influences urban development by gradually transforming the "rational model" that defined planners as neutral analysts. Approbation of methods for obtaining quality data on urban space took place during various workshops at the All-Ukrainian festival "Cities of Ukraine" in Dnipro from 2016 to 2020. Thus, to analyze the manifestations of spatial tactics of citizens, the method of mapping places of artistic action was used. In combination with the method of mapping urban areas with limited access, it provides data on the nature of use (or restrictions on use) of common space. The analysis of property rights with an assessment of developers’ (or tenants’) intentions regarding the main and adjacent land plots was conducted using the mixed methodology. First of all, open sources (cadastral maps) were analyzed to determine the owners of plots. The data obtained were supplemented by information from the town-planning councils where intentions to develop specific sites were stated in the form of various projects. Subsequently, the method of implicit property rights analysis was used in the development concept of the Naberezhna Peremohy area in Dnipro. In general, all these city workshops, as well as practical planning performed in cooperation with a local architectural workshop, are relevant to the inclusion of informal practices in urban development planning. The transformation of the "rational model" of spatial planning requires using not only quantitative but also qualitative data of the place. Characterization of spatial tactics of citizens, identification of places of joint action with the definition of "urban voids" and identification of the main "actors" of spatial development contribute to the effectiveness of planning proposals.

scholarly journals An Optimized Approach for Extracting Urban Land Based on Log-Transformed DMSP-OLS Nighttime Light, NDVI, and NDWI

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Yuanmao Zheng ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Yuanrong He ◽  
Cuiping Wang ◽  
Xiaorong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Nighttime Light

Quantitative and accurate urban land information on regional and global scales is urgently required for studying socioeconomic and eco-environmental problems. The spatial distribution of urban land is a significant part of urban development planning, which is vital for optimizing land use patterns and promoting sustainable urban development. Composite nighttime light (NTL) data from the Defense Meteorological Program Operational Line-Scan System (DMSP-OLS) have been proven to be effective for extracting urban land. However, the saturation and blooming within the DMSP-OLS NTL hinder its capacity to provide accurate urban information. This paper proposes an optimized approach that combines NTL with multiple index data to overcome the limitations of extracting urban land based only on NTL data. We combined three sources of data, the DMSP-OLS, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the normalized difference water index (NDWI), to establish a novel approach called the vegetation–water-adjusted NTL urban index (VWANUI), which is used to rapidly extract urban land areas on regional and global scales. The results show that the proposed approach reduces the saturation of DMSP-OLS and essentially eliminates blooming effects. Next, we developed regression models based on the normalized DMSP-OLS, the human settlement index (HSI), the vegetation-adjusted NTL urban index (VANUI), and the VWANUI to analyze and estimate urban land areas. The results show that the VWANUI regression model provides the highest performance of all the models tested. To summarize, the VWANUI reduces saturation and blooming, and improves the accuracy with which urban areas are extracted, thereby providing valuable support and decision-making references for designing sustainable urban development.

Land readjustment as an alternative land development tool for peri-urban areas of Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achamyeleh Gashu Adam
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development System ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
Land Readjustment

Purpose – The rapid urban population growth in Ethiopia is causing an increasing demand for urban land, which primarily tends to be supplied by expropriation of peri-urban land. The process of urban development in Ethiopia is largely criticized for forced displacement and disruption of the peri-urban local community. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to introduce how Ethiopia’s urban development system could be built on the participatory and inclusive approaches of land acquisition. Design/methodology/approach – The study has employed questionnaire survey results, focus group discussion with panel of experts and previous research reports to examine the peri-urban situations and then to show why an alternative land development approach is needed to be introduced in the urban land development system of Ethiopia. Desk review on land readjustment was also made to explore best lessons from other countries applicable to the peri-urban contexts of Ethiopia. Findings – This study has explored that land readjustment is potentially an appropriate land development tool to alleviate peri-urban land development limitations in Ethiopia. Practical implications – Researchers, policy makers and government bodies that are interested in peri-urban land would appreciate and consider implementing the adapted land readjustment model as an alternative land development tool. Consequently, the local peri-urban landholders’ rights would be protected and maintained in the process of urbanization. Originality/value – Although land readjustment has the potential to achieve participatory peri-urban land development, awareness of the method in the Ethiopian urban land development system is inadequate. This study contributes to fill this gap and create an insight into the basic conditions for the adaption of the tool.

When Heritage Meets Creativity: A Tale of Two Urban Development Strategies in Kampong Glam, Singapore

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-420
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Urban Place ◽  
Main Culture ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Heritage Development ◽  
Geospatial Mapping

In recent years, cities around the world have increasingly relied on culture–based development strategies for the revitalization of urban areas, such as urban heritage and the development of a creative economy. Typically, either one of these practices is put in place; however, in Kampong Glam, Singapore, both heritage development and creative economy strategies have been adopted by the national government and local organizations. This paper studies the coincidence of the two main culture–based urban development strategies and its implications in the same physical urban place. Drawing on geospatial mapping techniques and archival data, we aim to illustrate how the two cultural urban redevelopment strategies manifest and interact in urban space. We find that stakeholders draw on each strategy to counteract the excesses of the other, given their different aims and audiences, so as to regulate the interaction between the two and achieve balance among competing interests in the neighborhood.

Applications of Crowdsourcing in Sustainable Urban Development Planning in Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismaila Rimi Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Future Research Directions

To efficiently manage growth and changes arising from rapidly increasing population and urbanization trends, developing countries need to employ appropriate tools to analyze the key issues involved. Globally, crowdsourcing is increasingly being applied to facilitate sustainable urban development (SUD) planning process. Crowdsourcing has already proved capable of generating new models for urban planning and governance that source and mobilize diverse social actors working toward sustainable and innovation-oriented urban space. However, few studies have explored crowdsourcing applications in SUD planning in developing countries. Therefore, based on desktop study, this chapter examines applications of crowdsourcing in SUD planning in developing countries. The chapter reviews the conceptual and historical foundation of crowdsourcing, and highlights some exemplary applications of crowdsourcing in SUD planning worldwide. It then discusses the challenges and potentials of crowdsourcing as a tool in planning for SUD in developing countries and concludes with future research directions.

scholarly journals Between Marginalization and Integration – Hawkers on the Streets in Downtown, Amman, Jordan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Tameer Mohammad AL BATTARAN ◽  
◽  
Raed AL TAL ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Downtown Area ◽  
Embedded Design ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Spss Software

Hawkers are very common in Jordan and are mostly present in condensed urban areas such as the downtown of Amman. Hawkers in this area suffer due to daily eviction campaigns carried out by Amman Municipality and other parties. They consider them to be the main cause of visual pollution and trouble to shop owners and pedestrians in the downtown area. This study is a field ethnographic study by implementing an embedded design. The study uses qualitative data, which is supported by quantitative data analysed by using the SPSS software. The findings of the study are the result of a deep understanding of the patterns of hawkers using the qualitative methodology, which reveals how hawkers generally obstruct sidewalks by displaying their goods and with their physical presence. The marginalization experienced by hawkers has a great effect on them psychologically and financially because they are on constant alert to evade eviction campaigns, and if arrested they are at risk of losing a large part of their goods, which are sometimes stolen or lost. Results show that there is a correlation between them and that physical defensibility is higher than social defensibility. This research is an appropriate standing point in investigating and developing solutions for this issue in downtown, Amman, Jordan, and similar cases in different settings. The outcome of this study is a comprehensive and descriptive spatial analysis that can provide socio-spatial interpretations and can recommend urban response policies in re-defining the meaning of urban space.

scholarly journals Contemporary conservation doctrine - issues of conservation protection zones based on the example of Tarnobrzeg

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00019
Author(s):  
Marek Gosztyła ◽  
Agata Mikrut
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Conservation Decisions

The paper concerns the issue of conservation protection covering the researched areas of Tarnobrzeg. In particular, it describes the principles of delimiting areas and grounds for narrowing the previously adopted preservation zones. Based on reliable analyses, one presents the fundamentals, which result in the necessity of modifying and verifying the protection zones. The reasons for such a proceeding arise from the continuous development of civilization. Together with this, it is necessary to update urban areas, which is why the conservation works protecting the historic urban fabric should not stand in the way of modern urban development. Present-day conservation doctrine cannot seek to inhibit the almost natural process of the transformation of urban structures. Doctrines should correspond with contemporary realities and create opportunities for the urban and architectural development of the urban space while respecting and exposing historic architecture. The rational application of conservation doctrines and undertaking activities in a substantive manner will allow the creation of multilayer city compositions that represent an architectural depiction of history. The described issue of conservation protection zones in Tarnobrzeg is to be a form of discussion on the application of applicable conservation doctrines in the reality of contemporary cities. The question, whether the objectives and methods of action arising from the adopted conservation theory fulfil their basic function today, seems to be one of the most important issues of contemporary conservation of monuments. Since there is no doubt that finally clarified conservation decisions, formulated without thorough analysis and research, may and do result in not always expected architectural solutions.

Applications of Crowdsourcing in Sustainable Urban Development Planning in Developing Countries

2019 ◽  
pp. 738-757
Author(s):  
Ismaila Rimi Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Future Research Directions

To efficiently manage growth and changes arising from rapidly increasing population and urbanization trends, developing countries need to employ appropriate tools to analyze the key issues involved. Globally, crowdsourcing is increasingly being applied to facilitate sustainable urban development (SUD) planning process. Crowdsourcing has already proved capable of generating new models for urban planning and governance that source and mobilize diverse social actors working toward sustainable and innovation-oriented urban space. However, few studies have explored crowdsourcing applications in SUD planning in developing countries. Therefore, based on desktop study, this chapter examines applications of crowdsourcing in SUD planning in developing countries. The chapter reviews the conceptual and historical foundation of crowdsourcing, and highlights some exemplary applications of crowdsourcing in SUD planning worldwide. It then discusses the challenges and potentials of crowdsourcing as a tool in planning for SUD in developing countries and concludes with future research directions.

Modernization of a Historical Object in the Contest of Contemporary Requirements of Urban Space in the City of Częstochowa

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 698-701
Author(s):  
Nina Sołkiewicz-Kos
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Academic Center ◽  
The City ◽  
Directing Attention

The article covers the problems of the shaping of the environment as well as living conditions in urban areas. Social needs, which are changing in time, make it necessary to adapt urban development to contemporary functional requirements. Such actions are particularly difficult in downtown areas where the interference concerns well located and preserved architectural and urban complexes. Directing attention to the areas of strict center of Czestochowa is not accidental. It is a city of importance to Polish history. It also belongs to the culture-creating sites for the nation. From so well preserved urban complexes there are required solutions arising from the uniqueness of the place and the role it fulfills – in this case: the city of pilgrimage, an academic center and a tourist destination. The search for strategy and tactics of quality raising of the downtown areas should cover both the urban context and historical and contemporary background of the city. The paper presents examples of attempts to acquire urban space in reference to the main urban assumption of the city of Czestochowa.

scholarly journals RENCANA TATA BANGUNAN DAN LINGKUNGAN (RTBL) DALAM MENATA RUANG KOTA

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilva Nurfitriati
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Planning Program ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Space Management ◽  
Urban Planning Management ◽  
Planning Problems

Urban society has a placed a considerable amount of hope in and holds great expectations of the Urban Planning Program (RTRWK) on RTRWK as the solution to urban planning problems. This program serves as a general guideline for urban planning, although much more detailed regulations are certainly required. The Building and Developmental Planning Program (RTBL) contains urban planning regulations that are in fact already in place despite its being much less popular and/or well known compared to its counterparts: RTRWK or even RDTR (Detailed Urban Space Management Program). Urban and environmental development planning can be one of the solutions for urban management and regulations in accordance with Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning Urban Planning, as well as government regulations for urban planning management. In this study, attempts are made to describe and explain how RTBL can be utilized as a so-called tandem solution to certain urban planning problems, after taking into consideration that various urban areas have distinct characteristics and priorities.

Asserting the Capacity to be Free

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Catherine Kramarczuk Voulgarides
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Community Context ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Suburban School District ◽  
The Social

In this article, I explore how the social contract of schooling and the three functions of schooling (Noguera 2003)—to sort, to socialize, and to control— impact and constrain the freedom and agency of a group of young Black and Latinx men in one suburban school district that was experiencing sociodemographic shifts in the Northeastern United States. I use qualitative data to frame how the young men experience schooling, and I show how the local community context facilitates the institutionalization of discriminatory sorting processes and racially prejudiced norms. I also show how the young men are excessively controlled and monitored via zero tolerance disciplinary practices, which effectively constrains their humanity and capacity to freely exist in their school and which inadvertently strengthens the connective tissue between schools and prisons.

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