scholarly journals Food for Thought

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Emily Turner ◽  
Allen Warren ◽  
Ian Roesler ◽  
Kaila Henkin ◽  
Tauri Hagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Dining Room

Considering our personal and global biases surrounding food, this begs the questions: how many wars have been fought and colonies established over access to water and agricultural sources? How many people have been relegated to the kitchen or the dining room based on their sex, race, and/or class? Food forms the backbone of most religious and spiritual understandings, too: think of the forbidden fruit’s function in Abrahamic traditions or the role of the mustard seed in Buddhist teachingsabout death.

A note on canary coloration of wool in Ghokla sheep as influenced by restricted frequency of access to water

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-642
Author(s):  
M. Singh ◽  
T. More
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Yellow Coloration ◽  
Cutaneous Evaporation ◽  
Body Heat ◽  
Indian Sheep

Yellowing of wool as a function of physiological stress caused by nutritional deficiency in the feed of sheep (Das, 1965) though not confirmed by subsequent studies (Singh et al. 1977) evoked interest in the role of physiological stress in causing canary staining of wool. Restricted water intake as is generally the case with sheep in arid or even semiarid regions during summer, imposes considerable physiological stress. Furthermore, canary coloration is thought to be a sequel to an adaptive mechanism to hot and humid conditions in Indian sheep which have a greater reliance on cutaneous evaporation for dissipating body heat (Acharaya & Singh, 1976). It was, therefore, decided to study the influence, if any, of restricting access to water on the canary coloration of wool (non-scourable yellow coloration of the autumn clip) in the stain-susceptible Chokla sheep

scholarly journals Performance of hospitality within restricting meal frames: An observational study of four hospital wards in Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Sofie Jonsson ◽  
Åsa Öström ◽  
Maria Nyberg
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
The Core ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Dining Room ◽  
Hospital Wards ◽  
Core Activity

Hospitality is a social phenomenon expressing relationships between a host and a guest. This relationship can be seen in its most extreme form within a hospital setting, where the guest is a patient staying within an establishment where the core activity is not to provide the patient with food and drinks but to treat medical conditions. The aim of this study is therefore to explore how hospitality was performed by nursing staff and meal hosts in the dining room environments at four hospital wards and to explore the specific role of the room and its artefacts in facilitating or hindering acts of hospitality. In total, twenty non-participating observations were conducted across four wards within two Swedish hospitals. The dramaturgical theory proposed by Goffman was used as theoretical lens. Field notes were analysed in accordance with qualitative content analyses and yielded two overarching themes: (1) Hospitality and hospitableness through acts of caring and (2) The dining room environment’s potential to promote or hinder acts of hospitality. The findings suggest that the dining room environment facilitated timely service for the patients when the materiality within the room followed the principles of mise en place and included the constant presence of a staff member. This is seen as an important finding in relation to what needs to be addressed when planning hospital dining room environments and to the patients’ ability to consume a meal within a frame that acknowledges and assists the patients during their meals.

scholarly journals Bonds, Battles and Social Capital: Power and the Mediation of Water Insecurity in Peri-Urban Gurgaon, India

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Narain ◽  
Sumit Vij ◽  
Aman Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Resource Access ◽  
Underlying Factor ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
Differential Access

This article describes the role of social capital and power as a significant underlying factor influencing water security in peri-urban Gurgaon. The article shows how differential access to social capital shapes differential access to water. In peri-urban contexts, communities that lack access to water mobilise their social capital to enhance their water security. We use the concepts of power and social capital to explain how the actors interact in peri-urban Gurgaon, paying attention to which social groups are powerful and how the powerless use social capital to adapt to changing resource access and usage. We conclude by drawing theoretical- and policy-relevant insights from the field.

scholarly journals Determinants in implementing a public policy for an essential volume of free water in Bogotá and Medellín, Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Vargas ◽  
Léo Heller
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Free Water ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
User Groups

Abstract Within the framework for the realization of the human right to water and sanitation, States have the obligation to implement programs and public policies that satisfy the basic needs of their population, especially its most vulnerable demographics. In Colombia, this challenge has been addressed through policies that provide a determined essential amount of free water to people whose access to water and sanitation services are limited due to low income. Through a review of legal and technical documents as well as relevant literature, this article presents an analysis of the particular determinants involved in implementing this program in Bogotá and Medellín, as well as some related concerns. Among such factors, we discuss the evolution and changes of the tariff model used in service provision, estimates of basic consumption, the role of social movements and collective action, and user disconnection due to non-payment. The main particularities and differences of each case highlighted the inconveniences related to the method of identifying eligible users and applying assistance to beneficiary user groups, and the need for national guidelines in implementing this policy.

Effects of baroreceptor denervation on endocrine and drinking responses to caval constriction in dogs

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. R618-R626 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Quillen ◽  
L. C. Keil ◽  
I. A. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Inferior Vena Caval ◽  
Plasma Angiotensin ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Plasma Arginine

Plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), plasma renin activity (PRA), and water intake (H2OIN) are increased by thoracic inferior vena caval constriction (TIVCC). To assess the role of the cardiac and sinoaortic baroreceptors in these responses, 9 sham-, 10 cardiac-(CD), 6 sinoaortic-(SAD), and 4 combined cardiac and sinoaortic-(CD + SAD) denervated conscious dogs were studied. All animals were studied while normally hydrated 1) with no access to water (H2O-) and 2) while drinking was permitted (H2O+). TIVCC caused similar reductions (P less than 0.001) of mean arterial (-32 +/- 4 mmHg), left atrial pressure (-6.5 +/- 1.1 cmH2O), and right atrial pressure (-4.2 +/- 0.8 cmH2O) in all groups. After TIVCC in sham dogs with H2O-, AVP increased from 3.6 +/- 0.7 to 72.8 +/- 12.6 pg/ml (P less than 0.001). AVP was similar with SAD (57.1 +/- 6.9) but was reduced with CD (30.9 +/- 3.0) and CD + SAD (17.7 +/- 4.0). In all groups, PRA increased from 4.5 +/- 0.7 to 23.8 +/- 3.0 ng.ml-1 x 3 h-1 and plasma angiotensin II (ANG II) increased from 14.0 +/- 2.8 to 59.5 +/- 13.0 pg/ml (P less than 0.001). Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) increased similarly in all groups (55 +/- 5 to 128 +/- 25 pg/ml). Plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels increased similarly in all groups (298 +/- 61 to 654 +/- 88 pg/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The role of adaptation in mobile technology innovation for the water, sanitation and hygiene sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila L. Murthy ◽  
Daniel Shemie ◽  
Françoise Bichai
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Barriers To Innovation ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Technology Aids ◽  
Improve Access

Abstract While the growing availability of mobile phones has commanded the attention of the development community, an estimated 844 million people continue to lack access to basic drinking water and 2.3 billion to adequate sanitation. Development has now begun of mobile applications to improve access to water, sanitation and hygiene services (mWASH). To understand the barriers to innovation, nine mWASH applications were studied using the Framework for Analyzing a Multi-level Innovation System (FAMIS), a conceptual model. Applying FAMIS to a technology aids in understanding when and why it succeeds or fails, and how key stakeholders and institutions can be targeted for intervention. The analysis highlights ways to overcome barriers to innovation and suggests that the technology is less important than the way in which it is implemented.

scholarly journals Access to Water and Sanitation Services in Brazilian Vulnerable Areas: The Role of Regulation and Recent Institutional Reform

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Antonio Narzetti ◽  
Rui Cunha Marques
Keyword(s):  
Universal Access ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Impact

Access to water and sanitation services (WSSs) in low- or middle-income countries is constrained by the poverty and vulnerability conditions of the population. In this context, it is urgent to establish public policies for WSSs that will increase the economic access to these services so that they will be more comprehensive and comprise the entire population, ensuring a balance between social and financial objectives. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the provision of WSSs in vulnerable areas and of the difficulty in achieving universal access using Brazil as a case study. The role of regulation in the provision of WSSs in vulnerable areas and the impact of the recent institutional reform that took place last year in that country is discussed. The different experiences analyzed provide interesting lessons that contribute to the improvement of the Brazilian status quo and that, at the same time, can be good practices that can be applied in other countries. One of the main conclusions of this research is related to the contributions that regulation should provide in the universalization of WSSs, mainly when the provision of these services is ruled by a contract. Furthermore, we observed that public authorities have resigned their role in this scope and that they must be more effective and, particularly, more proactive so that universalization can be achieved.

The role of angiotensin II in the central regulation of feed intake in sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsunori Sunagawa ◽  
Richard S. Weisinger ◽  
Michael J. McKinley ◽  
Brett S. Purcell ◽  
Craig Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Ad Libitum

The objective was to determine the role of Angiotensin II (ANG) in the central regulation of feed intake by ruminants. As a control treatment, artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was given (over a period of 98.5 h) as a continuous intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion (0.2 mL h–1) into the lateral ventricle of ewes (n = 5). Approximately 9 d later, the infusion was repeated with the same ewes, but the CSF contained ANG (25 g μL–1). The ewes were fed dried alfalfa chaff for 2 h once daily and both water and a 0.5 M NaCl solution were available ad libitum (except that water intake was restricted on the first day of ANG infusion). Infusion of ANG resulted in severe thirst that persisted when water intake was restricted to an amount equal to voluntary intake during the control infusion. Furthermore, when ewes had ad libitum access to water, consumption during ANG infusion was 1.4 to 2.8-fold greater than that during CSF infusion (P < 0.01). Compared with CSF infusion, ANG infusion decreased eating rates by an average of 46.5% (range, 31.8–62.6%; P < 0.01) and feed intake by 25.0% (5.4–48.1%; P < 0.01), and increased salt intake by 273.8% (124.0–417.6%; P < 0.01). We concluded that ANG produced thirst sensations in the brain, resulting in excessive water intake that caused ruminal distension and significantly reduced feed intake. Key words: Angiotensin, brain, thirst, feed intake, sheep

The role of myrosinase in the development of toxicity toward Nematospora in mustard seed

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Holley ◽  
J. D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Yellow Mustard ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol

The toxicity of contaminated mustard seed toward Nematospora yeast was due to the action of endogenous myrosinase upon the glucosinolates, sinigrin from Brassicajuncea, and sinalbin from B. hirta seeds to produce toxic hydrolysis products. Allyl isothiocyanate from sinigrin was lethal at 20–35 μg/mL while p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid from sinalbin were toxic at >600 and >800 μg/mL, respectively. Two cultivars of rapeseed (B. campestris cv. Echo and cv. Candle) contained only trace amounts of sinigrin and sinalbin and were not toxic to the yeast. The activation of myrosinase during germination of oriental and yellow mustard and the production of toxic hydrolytic compounds may limit the spread of infection by reducing the reservoir of viable yeast in the seed. No evidence was obtained to suggest a role for these toxic products in resistance of the plant to invasion by Nematospora.

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