scholarly journals ENSURING THE EFFICIENT OPERATION OF FRICTION UNITS IN THE CONTEXT OF SELECTING FUNCTIONALLY HIGH QUALITY OILS

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
V.I. Kyrychenko ◽  
V.V. Kyrychenko ◽  
V.P. Nezdorovin ◽  
A.I. Stremetskyi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Units ◽  
Steel Surfaces

The article reflects certain applied aspects of a new direction of energy — biosynthetic energy sources, such as bio-oils obtained from technical oils. In particular, there are considered results of the research of the influence of such a characteristic factor of base oils and, first of all, bio-oils as their surface activity on energy efficiency and reliability of operation of friction units lubricated by them under the conditions of the boundary regime of friction. It is proved that the surface activity of oils as an indicator of their functional quality is due to the peculiarities of the structure and properties of their molecules, the energy fields of which evoke certain tribochemical interactions with triboactivated nano-surfaces of friction steels. Separate provisions for evaluating the effect of the tribochemical activity of oils on the process of modifying the steel surfaces of functioning friction units have been formed. The essence of X-ray examination of the influence of lubricating media on the condition of the steel surface by the method of a sliding X-ray beam, analyzing the surface layers with a depth of 0.5–7 mkm. The effect of significant influence of bio-oils obtained from oils on the phase transformations of the structure and properties of the steel surface during tribe tests of samples on friction and wear is revealed. It is established that the effect of obtaining the crystal structure of steel with surface hardening under the deformed layer depends on the tribochemical activity of the proposed three lubricating compositions, which are characterized by the algorithmic growth of such activity. It is proved that the tribochemical activity of bio-oils (in compositions 2 and 3, estimated by the intensity of phase transformations in the surface layers (the effect of Rebinder PO), leads, in turn, to improved friction and wear of lubricated samples compared to the composition 1 low triboactivity. X-structural surfaces analysis of the samples of steel 45 in the initial state and after testing in the media of each of the compositions showed that in the friction processes there is a destruction of the structure of austenite with the release of α-phase (ferrite). It is shown that the intensity of such modification of steel surfaces is progressively amplified in samples lubricated with compositions in accordance with their increasing triboactivity. It was found that with the penetration into the surface layers of steel (from 0.5 to 7 mkm), lubricated with bio-oils of the samples after their tribometer tests, the amount of ferrite increases and the content of austenite decreases. This reduces the deformability of the structure of metal crystals, which leads to the strengthening of its surface under its plasticized layer, and hence the reduction of friction and wear due to the formed intersurface servito-tribopolymer film, resistant to friction. Bibl. 12, Fig. 5, Tab. 3.

scholarly journals Monitoring of friction node surfaces in the context of their physico-chemical interactions with lubricating media of different surface activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
V.I. Kyrychenko ◽  
O.V. Kyrychenko ◽  
V.S. Ribun ◽  
V.P. Nezdorovin ◽  
M.B. Skladaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Activity ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Deformation Degree ◽  
Structure Deformation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Steel Surfaces ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability

The article deals with tribochemical influence of the surface activity of biosynthetic oils on the operational efficiency and reliability of lubricated friction nodes under the critical conditions. It is proved that the oil surface activity is caused by the structure and properties of their molecules and interactions with steel surfaces. Evaluating criteria of oil tribochemical activity influence on the steel surface modification has been studied. The significant influence of biooils on the steel surface nanolayer phase transformations, friction and steel wearing is claimed. It has been established that the effect of the steel crystal structure deformation and strengthening its surface depends on activity of composition of lubricant. It is proved that biooils lead to improved friction and wear indicators of lubricated samples. X-structural analysis of the steel surfaces showed that during friction the austenite is destroyed and ferrite is formed. Penetration in the lubricated steel nanolayers shows increasing the ferrite and decreasing the austenite content, that cases reducing the deformation degree of metal crystals, which leads to the strengthening of its surface under the plasticized layer and to decreasing the level of friction and wear due to the formed intersurface servitotribopolymer film, which is stable under critical friction.

Friction and Wear of MoS2 Films on Etched Steel Surfaces

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Perfilyev ◽  
A. Moshkovich ◽  
K. Lutudjean ◽  
L. Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Wear Life ◽  
Steel Surfaces ◽  
Friction And Wear Properties

Surface texturing is one of modern technologies using for improvement friction and wear properties of rubbed surfaces. The simple and effective methods of surface texturing are mechanical or chemical treatments of friction surfaces. In this work we deal with chemical treatment of steel surfaces with following filling the profile by solid lubricant particles as MoS2. The steel surfaces were etched with phosphoric acid. The effect of time and temperature of etching on the surface roughness parameters was studied. Some standard roughness parameters of etched surface were measured. It was found that the parameters of roughness as Rz and Sm characterizing the depth of valleys and their size can be used for description of etched surfaces. Optimal parameters, Rz and Sm, providing the best tribological properties were determined: Rz = 5 ∼ 7 m and Sm = 50–70 m. The thickness of solid lubricant film was about 1 m. Finally, the tribological properties of MoS2 films on the steel surfaces textured by chemical treatment were performed. The friction coefficient and wear life of solid lubricant films was assessed. Friction and wear properties of MoS2 films on etched surfaces were compared with similar films on virgin steel surface. The wear life of MoS2 films on etched surfaces was 5–7 times larger than for solid lubricant film on mechanically treated steel surface.

Modification of Structure and Properties of Steel Р6М5 at Electrolyte Plasma Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 601 ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Маzhyn Skakov ◽  
Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov ◽  
Michail Scheffler
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Modified Surface

Mechanical characteristics of nitrated and carbonitriding in electrolyte plasma steel Р6М5 surface layers are investigated in the research. It shows perspectiveness of the cutting tool electrolyte-plasma treatment technology. Comparative research of structure, phase composition of fast-cutting P6M5 steel modified surface layers after electrolyte plasma treatment was carried out by scanning-electron and light microscopy, and X-ray structure analysis methods.

High-Sensitivity ESCA Instrument

1972 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Davies ◽  
H. K. Herglotz ◽  
J. D. Lee ◽  
H. L. Suchan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Analyzer ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Solid Samples ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analysis Instrument ◽  
Sample Chamber

AbstractA new ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) instrument has been developed to provide high sensitivity and efficient operation for laboratory analysis of composition and chemical bonding in very thin surface layers of solid samples. High sensitivity is achieved by means of the high-intensity, efficient X-ray source described by Davies and Herglotz at the 1968 Denver X-Ray Conference, in combination with the new electron energy analyzer described by Lee at the 1972 Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy. A sample chamber designed to provide for rapid introduction and replacement of samples has adequate facilities for various sample treatments and conditioning followed immediafely by ESCA analysis of the sample.Examples of application are presented, demonstrating the sensitivity and resolution achievable with this instrument. Its usefulness in trace surface analysis is shown and some “chemical shifts” measured by the instrument are compared with those obtained by X-ray spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Influence of Ionic Bombardment on the Processes of Nitriding During Complex Modification of Steel Surface

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Optical Metallography ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Mass Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ionic Bombardment ◽  
Steel Surfaces

Ionic bombardment of the surfaces modified with the use of vacuum-arc technologies is a basic physical process for such modifications. Experiments were produced on plant of type "Bulat". In-process on nitriding of surfaces massive steel details (item of 25Х1МФ and 40Х) was investigated features of using of bombardment particles with different energy content. As bombarding particles ions of titan and molybdenum was use. This stage of ionic bombardment is related to cleaning of surface and heating of it to the necessary temperature. On the step of nitriding bombardment was carried out by the ions of nitrogen, generated in a two-stage discharge. For diagnostics of changes on the surface of standards and in the distance from it deep into metal, used X-ray fluorescence mass-analysis and produced measuring of hardness by means of device of Nanoindentor G200. The comparative measuring of relative concentrations of elements is executed in composition a surface became after bombardments different ions (Ti or Мо), and also the profiles of bedding of the implanted nitrogen and modified hardness in a metal are got. Features are educed in the results of nitriding of steel surface by the use of different sorts of ions. The photos of the transversal microsections got by means of optical metallography microscope of ММО 1600 showed differences in structural characteristics of the nearsurface layers by using the bombardments ions of titan and molybdenum. These differences are related to the high temperature in layers during bombardment the ions of molybdenum. The purpose of this work is conduction comparative experiments on the treatment of steel surfaces with accelerated ions of various metals with the subsequent analysis of the influence of such effects on the nitriding processes on these surfaces.

scholarly journals Boriding of steel surface with beams of boron atoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Yuri F. Migal ◽  
Andrey V. Sidashov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Small Concentration ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Atomic Beams

We consider a new method for hardening the steel surface, which differs from the known CHT boriding method in the possibility of creating a surface with a lower fragility. Within this approach, the boriding is carried out by treating the steel surface with atomic beams of boron at a temperature below 750 °C. In this case, a friable layer of pure boron appears on the outer surface of the steel. Then, boron atoms diffuse from this layer into the surface layers of the steel. To detect boron in a steel sample, we used the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method. With its help we have obtained spectra of both the outer surface of a steel sample and surface layers at depths up to 8 nm. The spectra of the surface layers showed that as a result of boriding in the sample there appeared the boron in the zero oxidation state. This fact is consistent with the notion that, in the case of a small concentration of boron, it is located on the boundaries between the grains in the surface layer of steel and strengthens the bonds between the boundaries.

Effect of Laser Surface Melting on Structure and Properties of a High Speed Tool Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1365-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Bonek ◽  
Grzegorz Matula ◽  
Leszek Adam Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Structure Refinement ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Metal Base ◽  
Protection Method

The purpose of this research paper is focused on the high speed steel surface layers improvement properties using HPDL laser. The paper present laser surface technologies, investigation of structure and properties of the high speed steel alloying with carbides using high power diode laser HPDL. Investigation indicate the influence of the alloying carbides on the structure and properties of the surface layer of investigated steel depending on the kind of alloying carbides and power implemented laser (HPDL). In the effect of laser alloying with powder of carbides occurs size reduction of microstructure as well as dispersion hardening through fused in but partially dissolved carbides and consolidation through enrichment of surface layer in alloying additions coming from dissolving carbides. Introduced particles of carbides and in part remain undissolved, creating conglomerates being a result of fusion of undissolved powder grains into molten metal base. The structural mechanism was determined of surface layers development, effect was studied of alloying parameters, gas protection method, and thickness of paste layer applied onto the steel surface on structure refinement and influence of these factors on the mechanical properties of surface layer, and especially on its hardness, abrasive wear resistance, and roughness. It has the important cognitive significance and gives grounds to the practical employment of these technologies for forming the surfaces of new tools and regeneration of the used ones.

Effects of Additives on the Surface Layers of Boronized TC4 Titanium Alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 384-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Na Wang ◽  
Feng Hua Li ◽  
Meng Ge Dong ◽  
Ying Nan Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The boronizing experiments on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) titanium alloys were based on solid powder method. Different additives were added into the boronizing agent. The morphologies of surface layers on titanium alloys were observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phase compositions of boronized layers were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The wear resistance properties of boronized TC4 were determined by the friction and wear testing machine. The results showed that all the boronized layers were composed of TiB2and TiB dual phases.When 5%Fe3O4was added into the boronizing agent, the boride layer contained more TiB2compound and was thicker than those with the addition of 5%Na2B4O7.

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