A Strip-Till One-Pass System as a Component of Conservation Agriculture

Conservation agriculture has three main pillars, i.e., minimum tillage, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation. Covering the soil surface with plant residues and minimum mechanical soil disturbance can all result from introducing a strip-till one-pass (ST-OP) system. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the ST-OP technology on the management of plant residues, soil properties, inputs, and emissions related to crop cultivation. We compared the effect of a ST-OP system against conventional tillage (CT) using a plough, and against reduced, non-ploughing tillage (RT). Four field experiments were conducted for evaluating the covering of soil with plant residues of the previous crop, soil loss on a slope exposed to surface soil runoff, soil structure and aggregate stability, occurrence of soil organisms and glomalin content, soil moisture and soil water reserve during plant sowing, labour and fuel inputs, and CO2 emissions. After sowing plants using ST-OP, 62.7–82.0% of plant residues remained on the soil surface, depending on the previous crop and row spacing. As compared with CT, the ST-OP system increased the stability of soil aggregates of 0.25–2.0 mm diameter by 12.7%, glomalin content by 0.08 g·kg−1, weight of earthworms five-fold, bacteria and fungi counts, and moisture content in the soil; meanwhile, it decreased soil loss by 2.57–6.36 t·ha−1 year−1, labour input by 114–152 min·ha−1, fuel consumption by 35.9–45.8 l·ha−1, and CO2 emissions by 98.7–125.9 kg·ha−1. Significant favourable changes, as compared with reduced tillage (RT), were also found with respect to the stability index of aggregates of 2.0–10.0 mm diameter, the number and weight of earthworms, as well as bacteria and fungi counts.

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ANALISIS STABILITAS DAN PERKUATAN LERENG MENGGUNAKAN PLAXIS2D DI DESA SUKARESMI, SUKABUMI, JAWA BARAT

Jukung (Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan) ◽

10.20527/jukung.v5i2.7316 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

A'isyah Salimah ◽

Muhammad Fathur Rouf Hasan ◽

Suripto Suripto ◽

Yelvi Yelvi ◽

Imam H Sasongko

Keyword(s):

Slope Stability ◽

Safety Factor ◽

Retaining Wall ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Retaining Walls ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Field Investigations ◽

Base Transceiver Station ◽

The Stability ◽

The Impact

Permukaan tanah tidak semua berbentuk bidang datar, namun memiliki perbedaan ketinggian dan kemiringan pada setiap daerah. Perbedaan ketinggian tanah mampu mengakitbatkan terjadinya pergerakan tanah yaitu longsor. Keberadaan bangunan base transceiver station (BTS) tower di Desa Sukaresmi, Cisaat, Sukabumi yang berada pada daerah lereng curam dengan kondisi retaining wall dan pagar dalam keadaan retak dan mengalami penurunan tanah menjadi salah satu faktor yang mengancam keselamatan. Untuk mengantisipasi dampak kerusakan lingkungan bertambah parah dibutuhkan penanganan khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis stabilitas dan perkuatan lereng menggunakan software Plaxis2D. Adapun metode penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan investigasi lapangan secara langsung, pengujian laboratorium, analisis stabilitas perkuatan lereng dengan software Plaxis2D serta rekomendasi perbaikan drainase. Upaya perkuatan lereng dengan mengganti dan memperdalam retaining wall existing. Hasil perkuatan lereng dapat meningkatkan nilai safety factor menjadi 1,369, nilai ini lebih besar dari safety factor existing sebesar 1,302. Kata kunci: cisaat, longsor, Plaxis2D, stabilitas lereng. The soil surface is believed to have differences in height and slope in each region. The different elevation could cause land movements namely landslides. The existence of tower base transceiver station (BTS) buildings in Sukaresmi Village, Cisaat, Sukabumi on a deep slope area with cracked retaining walls and fences condition which experienced settlement is one of the factors that threaten safety. To anticipate the impact of environmental damage getting worse requires special handling. The aim of this study is to analyze the stability and slope reinforcement using Plaxis2D software. The research method is carried out by conducting direct field investigations, laboratory tests, reinforced slope stability analysis with Plaxis2D software and drainage refinement recommendations. Countermeasures to strengthen the slope are done by replacing and deepening the existing retaining wall. The result of this measure is the increase of the safety factor value to 1,369, this value is greater than the value of the existing safety factor of 1,302. Keywords : cisaat, landslide, Plaxis2D, slope stability.

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The impact of standard preparation practice on the runoff and soil erosion rates under laboratory conditions

Solid Earth ◽

10.5194/se-7-1293-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1293-1302 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan ◽

Vafa Homayounfar ◽

Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Rainfall Simulation ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Soil Preparation ◽

Loam Soil ◽

The Impact

Abstract. The use of laboratory methods in soil erosion studies, rainfall simulation experiments, Gerlach troughs, and other measurements such as ring infiltrometer has been recently considered more and more because of many advantages in controlling rainfall properties and high accuracy of sampling and measurements. However, different stages of soil removal, transfer, preparation and placement in laboratory plots cause significant changes in soil structure and, subsequently, the results of runoff, sediment concentration and soil loss. Knowing the rate of changes in sediment concentration and soil loss variables with respect to the soil preparation for laboratory studies is therefore inevitable to generalize the laboratory results to field conditions. However, there has been little attention given to evaluate the effects of soil preparation on sediment variables. The present study was therefore conducted to compare sediment concentration and soil loss in natural and prepared soil. To achieve the study purposes, 18 field 1 ×  1 m plots were adopted in an 18 % gradient slope with sandy–clay–loam soil in the Kojour watershed, northern Iran. A portable rainfall simulator was then used to simulate rainfall events using one or two nozzles of BEX: 3/8 S24W for various rainfall intensities with a constant height of 3 m above the soil surface. Three rainfall intensities of 40, 60 and 80 mm h−1 were simulated on both prepared and natural soil treatments with three replications. The sediment concentration and soil loss at five 3 min intervals after time to runoff were then measured. The results showed the significant increasing effects of soil preparation (p ≤ 0.01) on the average sediment concentration and soil loss. The increasing rates of runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss due to the study soil preparation method for laboratory soil erosion plots were 179, 183 and 1050 % (2.79, 2.83 and 11.50 times), respectively.

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Splash erosion in maize crops under conservation management in combination with shallow strip-tillage before sowing

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/147/2015-swr ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 106-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. Brant ◽

M. Kroulík ◽

J. Pivec ◽

P. Zábranský ◽

J. Hakl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Aggregates ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Coverage Ratio ◽

Splash Erosion ◽

Plant Coverage ◽

Strip Tillage ◽

The Stability

Soil under maize cropping is among the most endangered by erosion. The effect of conservation tillage management on values of splash erosion when using shallow strip tillage before sowing maize was evaluated in the Central Bohemian region (Czech Republic) during the period 2010–2012. The following types of tillage management using conventional technology and shallow tillage were evaluated: ploughed plots with mulch formed by weed biomass (PLW), ploughed plots with mulch from perennial ryegrass plants (PLPR), ploughed plots without mulch (PL) and shallow tillage (ST) where the mulch was formed by cereals straw. Furthermore, values of the splash erosion, plants and plant residues coverage ratio of soil by image analysis and the stability of soil aggregates were monitored during the whole experiment. The average value of splash erosion (MSR) was higher by 18.7% in the variant of PLW, lower by 35.9% in PLPR, and lower by 39.5% in ST, than in the control treatment PL (MSR value for PL = 100%) for the whole evaluated period (2010–2012). The average values of the soil surface plant coverage ratio in the plots with mulch ranged from 1.5 to 43.0% at the beginning of the vegetation period, and from 4.9 to 85.5% in the second half of the vegetation period. A positive correlation was observed between the average values of the stability of soil aggregates and the plant coverage ratio of the soil surface in 2010 and 2011.

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Impact of cover crops in inter-rows of hop gardens on reducing soil loss due to water erosion

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/24/2021-pse ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 230-235

Author(s):

David Kabelka ◽

David Kincl ◽

Jan Vopravil ◽

Petr Vráblík

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Soil Degradation ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Plant Residues ◽

P Value ◽

Different Types ◽

Two Stages

Soil degradation caused by water erosion in sloping hop gardens is definitely a serious issue because the space in inter-rows is without plant residues for most of the year in traditional cultivation. Cover crops in inter-rows of hop gardens and their efficiency in soil conservation are assessed in this article. There is only little research available in this area, and our data bring unique information on water erosion in hop gardens. Technologies with different types of cover crops were always compared with the conventional cultivation. The research was conducted within the years 2016–2020. A field rainfall simulator was used to determine the soil conservation effectiveness of selected technologies. The simulated rainfall was performed in two stages of cover crops growth with the main aim to measure the overall soil loss. The outcomes from the measurements confirmed that cover crops in inter-rows of hop gardens protect the soil surface from falling raindrops and significantly (P-value < 0.05) reduce soil loss. It can be concluded that this technology had a soil conservation effect already one month after sowing, and it is a basis for sustainable agricultural management on sloping hop gardens.

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Effect of Climate Changes and Coefficient of Surface Roughness on Soil Loss by Wind Erosion in Some Central and Southern Iraq

Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.52113/mjas04/8.2/20a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Abdullah Al-Rawi

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Wind Erosion ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Roughness Factor ◽

General Direction ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Factor C ◽

The Impact ◽

Southern Iraq

"act Woodruff and siddoway, 1965, established an equation for the estimation of soil Loss by wind erosion called Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ); solution of this equation gives the maximum amount of wind erosion under certain field conditions and is considered evidence in identifying the necessary methods for treating wind erosion in those conditions (Eltaif et al.,1991). This study aims to find out the extent to which climate change in the Samawah region of southern Iraq and Baghdad in central Iraq over a period of 34 years has affected values of soil losing by wind erosion using equation of (woodruff and siddoway, 1965) and effectiveness of this changes in soil surface roughness factor in reducing or increasing these loss. Two sites were selected located within central and southern regions of Iraq, one in Al-Jadiriya area in Baghdad governorate and the other in Samawah area in Al-Muthanna governorate. The results showed that estimated soil losing for years (1980-2013) in Al-Jadiriya decrease annually by 10-30 kg.hec.-1.year-1, while samawah increase by 240-760 kg.hec.-1.year-1. The effect of surface roughness factor was significant in reducing soil loss during period of study. Roughness factor for ridge (0.5) has reduced soil losing by 2.6 times compared to non-ridge soils (1).The ratio in semi-bridge soil (0.75) was 65%. This is due to the impact of bridge in reducing wind speed and reducing its erosivity. The general direction of soil loss indicates decrease in Al-Jadiriya area and increase in Samawah area with the case of fluctuation in soil loss between high and low of general direction line due to climate factor (C) in general equation of soil loss and it reflects ability of wind erosion, so decreased when wet conditions improved, by increased rainfall, reduced evaporation and increasing when dry conditions dominate Corresponding author: E-mail( [email protected] ) All rights reserved AlMuthanna University"

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Impact of plot length on the effectiveness of different soil-surface covers in reducing runoff and soil loss by water

Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment ◽

10.1177/0309133308101473 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 654-677 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

T. Smets ◽

J. Poesen ◽

E. Bochet

Keyword(s):

Soil Loss ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Water Erosion ◽

Rock Fragment ◽

Organic Mulch ◽

Rock Fragments ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Runoff And Soil Loss ◽

The Impact ◽

Field Plots

Covering the soil surface by rock fragments, organic mulches or vegetation is often done to reduce runoff and soil loss by water erosion compared to a bare soil treatment. The runoff or erosion-reducing effectiveness of these soil surface covers has been investigated for a range of plot lengths under different environmental conditions. Recent research indicates that the effectiveness of soil surface covers in reducing runoff and soil loss by water erosion may be affected by the size of the laboratory or field plots (ie, spatial scale). Therefore, the main objective of this review is to explore to what extent the impact of plot length on the effectiveness of different surface covers (ie, rock fragments, organic mulch and vegetation) in reducing runoff and soil loss by water erosion emerges from a worldwide data set. Furthermore, it is investigated whether there is a significant difference in runoff or erosion-reducing effectiveness between rock fragments, organic mulches and vegetation. Data from 65 experimental studies, investigating the impact of surface cover by rock fragments, organic mulch or vegetation on runoff or soil loss, are collected and analysed in this review. The results indicate that for plot lengths <11 m there is a large variation in the runoff and erosion-reducing effectiveness of a soil cover, depending on various factors and on the larger number of studies conducted on these plots compared to longer field plots. However, with an increasing plot length (up to 50 m) this variation is reduced and surface covers by rock fragments, organic mulches and vegetation become on average more effective in reducing runoff or soil loss by water erosion. A vegetation cover is significantly more effective in reducing runoff rate compared to a rock fragment cover. No other significant differences in runoff or in erosion-reducing effectiveness between the studied soil surface covers are observed. Finally, two equations are proposed describing the possible effect of plot length and cover by rock fragments, organic mulches and vegetation on relative runoff and soil loss by water erosion. These findings have important consequences for the design of runoff and erosion plots, for modelling runoff and soil erosion rates and for scaling up plot data.

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Modelling the mineralisation of plant residues on the soil surface

Agronomie ◽

10.1051/agro:2002042 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 22 (7-8) ◽

pp. 711-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Axel Berkenkamp ◽

Eckart Priesack ◽

Jean Charles Munch

Keyword(s):

Soil Surface ◽

Plant Residues

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Dietary Vitamin and Stability of Oral Anticoagulation: Proposal of a Diet with Constant Vitamin K1 Content

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1655997 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (03) ◽

pp. 504-509 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Sarah L Booth ◽

Jacqueline M Charnley ◽

James A Sadowski ◽

Edward Saltzman ◽

Edwin G Bovill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Vitamin K ◽

High Performance ◽

Case Reports ◽

Food Composition ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Vitamin K1 ◽

The Stability ◽

The Impact

SummaryCase reports cited in Medline or Biological Abstracts (1966-1996) were reviewed to evaluate the impact of vitamin K1 dietary intake on the stability of anticoagulant control in patients using coumarin derivatives. Reported nutrient-drug interactions cannot always be explained by the vitamin K1 content of the food items. However, metabolic data indicate that a consistent dietary intake of vitamin K is important to attain a daily equilibrium in vitamin K status. We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1, equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography. Inconsistencies in the published literature indicate that prospective clinical studies should be undertaken to clarify the putative dietary vitamin K1-coumarin interaction. The dietary guidelines reported here may be used in such studies.

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ANALISIS DETERMINAN KUALITAS LINGKUNGAN PERIODE 1999-2013

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis ◽

10.24123/jeb.v21i1.1632 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 9-20

Author(s):

Ersalina Tang

Keyword(s):

Foreign Direct Investment ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Direct Investment ◽

Meat Consumption ◽

Domestic Product ◽

World Data ◽

The World ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, Electric Consumption, and Meat Consumption on CO2 emissions of 41 countries in the world using panel data from 1999 to 2013. After analyzing 41 countries in the world data, furthermore 17 countries in Asia was analyzed with the same period. This study utilized quantitative approach with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method. The results of 41 countries in the world data indicates that Foreign Direct Investment, Gross Domestic Product, Energy Consumption, and Meat Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities which measured by CO2 emissions. Whilst the results of 17 countries in Asia data implies that Foreign Direct Investment, Energy Consumption, and Electric Consumption significantlyaffect Environmental Qualities. However, Gross Domestic Product and Meat Consumption does not affect Environmental Qualities.

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IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT DEBT ON FINANCIAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE

International scientific journal Internauka Series Economical Sciences ◽

10.25313/2520-2294-2020-11-6560 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Olena Pikaliuk ◽

◽

Dmitry Kovalenko ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Public Debt ◽

Positive Impact ◽

The State ◽

Financial Security ◽

State Budget ◽

The Public ◽

Debt Security ◽

The Stability ◽

The Impact

One of the main criteria for economic development is the size of the public debt and its dynamics. The article considers the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine. The views of scientists on the essence of public debt and financial security of the state are substantiated. An analysis of the dynamics and structure of public debt of Ukraine for 2014-2019. It is proved that one of the main criteria for economic development is the size of public debt and its dynamics. State budget deficit, attracting and using loans to cover it have led to the formation and significant growth of public debt in Ukraine. The volume of public debt indicates an increase in the debt security of the state, which is a component of financial security. Therefore, the issue of the impact of public debt on the financial security of Ukraine is becoming increasingly relevant. The constant growth and large amounts of debt make it necessary to study it, which will have a positive impact on economic processes that will ensure the stability of the financial system and enhance its security.

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