scholarly journals The impact of bioinsecticide overdoses of Beauveria bassiana on species diversity and abundance of not targeted arthropods in South Sumatra (Indonesia) freshwater swamp paddy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
KHOIRUL IKHSANUDIN HANIF ◽  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
CHANDRA IRSAN ◽  
YULIA PUJIASTUTI ◽  
GHANNI PRABAWATI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Freshwater Swamp ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Predatory Arthropods

Abstract. Hanif KI, Herlinda S, Irsan C, Pujiastuti Y, Prabawati G, Hasbi, Karenina T. 2020. The impact of bioinsecticide overdoses of Beauveria bassiana on species diversity and abundance of not targeted arthropods in South Sumatra (Indonesia) freshwater swamp paddy. Biodiversitas 21: 2124-2136. Bioinsecticides have been shown to reduce insect pest populations, but it is necessary to monitor the effect of bioinsecticide overdoses on non-target arthropods because they are abundant in rice fields. This study aimed to analyze the impact of bioinsecticide overdoses of B. bassiana on species diversity and abundance of non-target arthropods. Bioinsecticides derived from Beauveria bassiana were sprayed on the paddy every two weeks until the ripening stage, at a dose of 1, 2, 3, 4 L.ha-1, control (without insecticide), and abamectin as prescribed. The abundance of spiders and predatory arthropods did not decrease when bioinsecticides were applied but the abundance of spiders, especially Lycosidae and Salticidae dropped significantly when abamectin was applied. The abundance of the parasitoid decreased significantly when abamectin was applied, but the abundance of parasitoids applied by bioinsecticide was not significantly different from those of control. The abundance of insect pests started to decrease when bioinsecticide was applied to 2, 3 or 4 L.ha-1. The diversity species of non-target arthropods (spiders, predatory arthropods, and parasitoids) tended to decrease when it was applied bioinsecticides 3 and 4 L.ha-1 or abamectin, but their abundance remained high and no species dominance was found. For this reason, the correct dosage for suppressing insect pests abundance by not decreasing the abundance and diversity of non-target species is 2 L.ha-1 and applied when herbivore abundance is high.

scholarly journals Populasi Serangga Hama dan Artropoda Predator pada Padi Rawa Lebak Sumatera Selatan yang Diaplikasikan Bioinsektisida dari Beauveria bassiana dan Insektisida Sintetik

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Khoirul Ikhsanudin Hanif ◽  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
Chandra Irsan ◽  
Tili Karenina ◽  
Erise Anggraini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pest Insect ◽  
Synthetic Insecticide ◽  
Freshwater Swamp ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Predatory Insects ◽  
Predatory Arthropods

Hanif et al, 2019. Population of Pest Insects and Predatory Arthropods Inhabiting Freshwater Swamp Rice of South Sumatra Treated with Bioinsectide of Beauveria bassiana and a Synthetic Insecticide. JLSO (8)1:31-38.Entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, could  kill various species of insect pests, but  their impact on predatory arthropods needs to be studied. The aim of this study was to compare population of pest insects and predatory arthropods inhabiting rice sprayed with bioinsecticide of B. bassiana and conventional rice field using a synthetic insecticides. Bioinsecticide was made from conidia of B. bassiana and sprayed on rice canopy. The plot of conventional farmers was sprayed with synthetic insecticides made from Abamektrin. The results showed that the application of bioinsecticide of B. bassiana was not proven to reduce the pest insect population. The abundance of natural enemies of pest insects, such as  spiders and predatory insects was also more abundant in plots sprayed with  bioinsecticide than conventional plots that used synthetic insecticide. The synthetic insecticides have been shown to reduce the abundance of predatory insects and spiders. Bioinsecticides containing carrier of  liquid compost were proven to increase the growth and development of rice, which was an increase in the number of rice tillers per clump in plots applied by bioinsecticide. Thus, B. bassiana of bioinsecticide with liquid compost carrier material was safer and could maintain the abundance of predatory arthropods and increased rice growth.

scholarly journals Herbivore insects and predatory arthropods in freshwater swamp rice field in South Sumatra, Indonesia sprayed with bioinsecticides of entomopathogenic fungi and abamectin

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
Ghanni Prabawati ◽  
Yulia Pujiastuti ◽  
Susilawati Susilawati ◽  
Tili Karenina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Synthetic Insecticide ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Freshwater Swamp ◽  
Predatory Insects ◽  
Predatory Arthropods

Abstract. Herlinda S, Prabawati G, Pujiastuti Y, Susilawati, Karenia T, Hasbi, Irsan C. 2020. Herbivore insects and predatory arthropods in freshwater swamp rice field in South Sumatra, Indonesia sprayed with bioinsecticides of entomopathogenic fungi and abamectin. Biodiversitas 21: 3755-3768. Herbivore insect population and predatory arthropods in rice field may be effected by the application entomopathogenic fungi or synthetic insecticide. The objective of this research was to analyze individual quantity of herbivore insects and predatory arthropod inhabiting freshwater swamp rice fields treated with bioinsecticides and abamectin (commercial insecticide). This research was conducted in the freshwater swamp rice field located in Village Pelabuhan Dalam, Sub District Pemulutan, District Ogan Ilir, and South Sumatra. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design consisted of four plots of treatment. The research used the bioinsecticides made from entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Cordyceps military), and abamectin. Sampling to collect arthropods inhabiting rice canopy was also conducted using an entomological net in the study locations. This research found 12 families of herbivore insects with 22 species dominated by Nilaparvata lugens and Leptocorisa acuta and 32 species of spider belonged to eight families dominated by Tetragnatha virescens and Oxyopes matiensis. The species diversity of spider was higher in the plots of the bioinsecticide compared to that of the abamectin. Predatory insects found belonged to 14 species belonged to eight families dominated by species of Ophionea nigrofasciata, Verania discolor, and Paedorus fuscipe. The abundance of predatory insects in plots sprayed with the bioinsecticides was higher compared to that of the abamectin plot. The abundance and species diversity of predatory arthropod sprayed with bioinsecticide of B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and C. militaris did not decrease, while the population of herbivore insect tended to decrease.

scholarly journals Preservative Media for Beauveria Bassiana (bals.) Vuill Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Helben Ismat Mohammaed ◽  
Mohammed Saeed Mirza ◽  
Feyroz Ramadan Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Effective Evaluation ◽  
Microbial Agent

Beauveria bassiana is an important entomopathogenic fungus that used as a biocontrol agent of insect pests. Maintaining and preserving B. bassiana cultures is essential for the effective evaluation of its potential as microbial agent against insect pest, for biodiversity studies and also for exchange of fungal material between laboratories. In the present work we evaluated the suitability of four preservation materials based on gelatin and rice to maintain the viability of B. bassiana to be used as baits for insect’s control. The gelatin amended with sugar recorded the maximum viability after 70 days of storage as 98.3% compared to 63.3% on rice media. Effective control of 80% of the ants was observed after 10 days of feeding on gelatin amended with sugar and rice bait. The results demonstrated that treatment with formulations containing conidia of B. bassiana presents insecticidal activity against ant in addition of acting as preservation materials.

scholarly journals Studi Tingkat Keanekaragaman Hayati Lahan Bekas Terbakar di Taman Nasional Sebangau & Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Tumbang Nusa

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Mariaty Mariaty ◽  
Purwanto Budi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum ◽  
Succession Process ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vegetation Species

The forest and land fires in 2015 caused severe damage to forest areas at Sebangau National Park and KHDTK Tumbang Nusa, where the condition has not to be able to recover as before. This research objective is knowing the effect of forest and land fires on vegetation and the succession process that is happened at TN. Sebangau and KHDTK Tumbang Nusa with methodology field survey and making plots (PU) on the burnt and un-burnt forest for the comparison. Data observation and collection were done appropriately with the vegetation strata, namely the level of seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees. The data analysis used quantitative with calculating the Species Dominance, Species Diversity, Species Richness, and Species Evenness.The research result shows the un-burnt land was observed in TN. Sebangau there are 29 vegetation species, meanwhile the burnt land there are found only rejuvenation level plants, namely Seedlings and Saplings where there are two vegetation species at TN. Sabangau and 4 vegetation species at KHDTK. For species dominance is indicated by a high INP value, the greater value of INP means the forest composition is good enough in terms of density and frequency of species presence. In Sebangau, the highest value of dominance is Tutup Kabali (Diospyros pseudomalabarica) for the tree level, Rambutan Hutan (Nephelium lappaceum) for pole and sapling levels, and Bangkinang (Elaeocarpus glaber Bl) for seedling level, while in KHDTK is Milas/Tumeh (Combretacarpus rotundatus) for the seedling and sapling levels, and Gerunggang (Cratoxylon arborescens) for pole and tree levels. The Analysis Number of species diversity, richness, and evenness species in the two research locations do not show a high value which from data processing result shows the range is low to moderate, nothing high.On burnt land, the succession process happens very slowly because it experienced the severe degradation of land causing the erosion/ subsidence of soil surface so that the forest floor was flooded as the impact of the open canopy and no shade from the bush that dominated.

scholarly journals Natural occurrence of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana as a vertically transmitted endophyte of Pinus radiata and its effect on above- and below-ground insect pests

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Caroline Lefort ◽  
Aimee C McKinnon ◽  
Tracey L Nelson ◽  
Travis R Glare
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Mode Of Transmission

Background. The New Zealand forest industry would greatly benefit from a successful way of controlling insect pests. The entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana could hold such potential and has previously been shown to be capable of endophytic colonisation of the Monterey pine Pinus radiata. Nevertheless clarifications on its mode of transmission, persistence and action in this plant are required. In this study we investigated B. bassiana transmission and persitence in P. radiata and whether this fungus is beneficial to P. radiata by testing its effect as a plant endophyte on the fitness performance of above and belowground insect feeders. Methods. Both culturing and molecular approaches were used to detect the occurrence B. bassiana in pines. Transmission electron microscopy of positive germinating seeds was also used to locate the fungus. Bioassays were conducted on root and needle feeding insects using Beauveria positive and endophyte free pine seedlings. Results. Beauveria bassiana was detected in seedlings which had not previously been exposed to the fungus, indicating a vertical mode of transmission. The fungus could colonise all parts of the pines, but did not always persist. We found that the presence of the fungus negatively affects the fitness of the below-ground insect feeding on the plant by reducing their survival by over 10% and their weight by 5%. This study also showed that the mode of action of endophytic B. bassiana in pine is likely to be by feeding deterrence of insects induced locally by fungal metabolites, rather than by direct fungal infection of the insects. Discussion. A vertically transmitted beneficial endophyte of pine could be used as a cost effective approach to control insect pest in these commercially grown trees.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TRANSGENIC BRINJAL FOR THE CONTROL OF LEUCINODES ORBONALIS GUENEE AND POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON NON-TARGET ARTHROPODS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Wali Muhammad ◽  
Khadija Javed ◽  
Humayun Javed ◽  
Munir Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Azam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
The Impact

Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is the most important vegetable crop in the Asia Pacific region, with Pakistan being the seventh largest producer. There are many biotic and abiotic factors affecting its production in terms of quantity and quality including insect pests as a significant constraint. In Pakistan, the brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis is the major insect pest of brinjal. However, some other chewing and sap-sucking insects are also essential pests. Bt-brinjal, a transgenic variety, has been introduced in India and Bangladesh for the management of lepidopteran pests. Before the commercialization of transgenic brinjal in Pakistan, it must be assessed for its effects on the environment and non-target organisms. This study is presenting the overview of transgenic brinjal as an option to manage brinjal shoot and fruit borer along with current and future challenges in areas of its commercialization.

scholarly journals Sanitation Improves Stored Product Insect Pest Management

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Morrison ◽  
Alexander Bruce ◽  
Rachel Wilkins ◽  
Chloe Albin ◽  
Frank Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Stored Products ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

There is a large suite of insects that attack anthropogenic agricultural goods after harvest. Proper sanitation programs for food facilities are now recognized as the foundation of good integrated pest management (IPM) programs for stored products throughout the post-harvest supply chain. While good sanitation programs are generally thought to reduce the abundance and diversity of insects, there has been less appreciation of the manifold ways that sanitation interacts with a range of other IPM tactics to modulate their efficacy. Here, we review the literature on how the effectiveness of chemical, physical/cultural, biological, and behaviorally-based control tactics varies with changes in sanitation. In addition, we discuss how sanitation may affect ongoing pheromone- and kairomone-based monitoring programs. Where possible, we quantitatively compile and analyze the impact of sanitation on the fold-change in the efficacy of IPM tactics. We found that decreased sanitation negatively affected the efficacy of most tactics examined, with a mean 1.3–17-fold decrease in efficacy under poorer sanitation compared to better sanitation. Sanitation had neutral or mixed impacts on a few tactics as well. Overall, the literature suggests that sanitation should be of the utmost importance for food facility managers concerned about the efficacy of a wide range of management tactics.

scholarly journals Impact of mycoinsecticides and abamectin applications on species diversity and abundance of aquatic insects in rice fields of freshwater swamps of South Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
Monica Alesia ◽  
Susilawati Susilawati ◽  
Chandra Irsan ◽  
Hasbi Hasbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Predatory Insects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rice Insect Pests ◽  
Compost Extract

Abstract. Herlinda S, Alesia M, Susilawati, Irsan C, Hasbi, Suparman, Anggraini E, Arsi. 2020. Impact of mycoinsecticides and abamectin applications on species diversity and abundance of aquatic insects in rice fields of freshwater swamps of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3076-3083. Aquatic insects in rice fields generally are predators of rice insect pests. The application of insecticides may reduce the abundance and species diversity of these predators. This study aimed to determine the impact of mycoinsecticides and abamectin application on species diversity and abundance of aquatic insects in rice fields. Mycoinsecticides were made from Beauveria bassiana s.l., Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. and Cordyceps militaris s.l. with carrier from shrimp shell flour compost extract, vegetable oil, and Tween®. The treatments were the mycoinsecticides and abamectin. The results showed there were eight aquatic insects species obtained in this study, i.e. unidentified Dytiscidae, Micronecta sp., Mesovelia sp., Ranatra sp., Anisops sp., Microvelia sp., unidentified species of Veliidae, and Orthetrum sp. belong to 7 families (Dytiscidae, Corixidae, Mesoveliidae, Nepidae, Notonectidae, Veliidae, Libellulidae), and three orders (Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Odonata). All of the species were predatory insects. The application of mycoinsecticides did not reduce the abundance and species diversity of the aquatic predatory insects, but the application of abamectin reduced the abundance and species diversity of the predators. The highest insect species diversity was in the plots applied with C. militaris s.l., followed by the B. bassiana s.l. and M. anisopliae s.l. plots and the lowest one was found in the abamectin plot. So, the application of mycoinsecticides from B. bassiana s.l., M. anisopliae s.l. and C. militaris s.l. is safe for the aquatic predatory insects and to control rice insect pests than that of abamectin.

scholarly journals Observations and insights on pasture persistence in New Zealand

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
P.M.S. Lane
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
The Impact

This essay contains personal observations and interpretations by the author on the persistence of pastures in the northern North Island. Key pasture stress factors are identified as the increase of farming intensity over the past two decades, the impact of pasture renewal techniques and the role of pasture species on insect pest (particularly black beetle and clover root weevil) interactions. Keywords: insect pests, soil fertility, pasture renewal, cultivars, endophyte

scholarly journals Capsid Proteins are Necessary for Replication of a Parvovirus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Labadie ◽  
Deborah Garcia ◽  
Doriane Mutuel ◽  
Mylène Ogliastro ◽  
Guillaume Cambray
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Capsid Proteins ◽  
Junonia Coenia ◽  
Replication Process ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Construction Strategy ◽  
The Impact

Despite tight genetic compression, viral genomes are often organized in functional gene clusters, a modular structure that might favor their evolvability. This has greatly facilitated biotechnological developments, such as the recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) systems for gene therapy. Following this lead, we endeavored to engineer the related insect parvovirus Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDV) to create addressable vectors for insect pest biocontrol. To enable safer manipulation of capsid mutants, we translocated the non-structural ( ns ) gene cluster outside the viral genome. To our dismay, this yielded a virtually non-replicable clone. We linked the replication defect to an unexpected modularity breach, as ns translocation truncated the overlapping 3’ UTR of the capsid transcript ( vp ). We found that native vp 3’UTR is necessary to high VP production, but that decreased expression do not adversely impact the expression of NS proteins, which are known replication effectors. As nonsense vp mutations recapitulate the replication defect, VP proteins appear directly implicated in the replication process. Our findings suggest intricate replication-encapsidation couplings that favor maintenance of genetic integrity. We discuss possible connections with an intriguing cis-packaging phenomenon previously observed in parvoviruses, whereby capsids preferentially package the genome from which they were expressed. IMPORTANCE Densoviruses could be used as biological control agents to manage insect pests. Such applications require in depth biological understanding and associated molecular tools. However, the genomes of these viruses remain hard to manipulate due too poorly tractable secondary structures at their extremities. We devised a construction strategy that enable precise and efficient molecular modifications. Using this approach, we endeavored to create a split clone of the Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDV) that can be used to safely study the impact of capsid mutations on host specificity. Our original construct proved to be non-functional. Fixing this defect led us to uncover that capsid proteins and their correct expression are essential for continued rolling-hairpin replication. This points to an intriguing link between replication and packaging, which might be shared with related viruses. This serendipitous discovery illustrates the power of synthetic biology approaches to advance our knowledge of biological systems.

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