scholarly journals Fýsileiki virkjunar sólarorku á norðurslóðum: Reynsla af sólarpanelum IKEA á Íslandi

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Sindri Þrastarson ◽  
Björn Marteinsson ◽  
Hrund Ólöf Andradóttir
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems

The efficiency and production costs of solar panels have improved dramatically in the past decades. The Nordic countries have taken steps in instigating photovoltaic (PV) systems into energy production despite limited incoming solar radiation in winter. IKEA installed the first major PV system in Iceland with 65 solar panels with 17.55 kW of production capacity in the summer of 2018. The purpose of this research was to assess the feasibility of PV systems in Reykjavík based on solar irradiation measurements, energy production of a PV array located at IKEA and theory. Results suggests that net irradiation in Reykjavík (64°N, 21° V) was on average about 780 kWh/m2 per year (based on years 2008-2018), highest 140 kWh/m2 in July and lowest 1,8 kWh/m2 in December. Maximum annual solar power is generated by solar panels installed at a 40° fixed angle. PV panels at a lower angle produce more energy during summer. Conversely, higher angles maximize production in the winter. The PV system produced over 12 MWh over a one-year period and annual specific yield was 712 kWh/kW and performance ratio 69% which is about 10% lower than in similar studies in cold climates. That difference can be explained by snow cover, shadow falling on the panels and panels not being fixed at optimal slope. Payback time for the IKEA PV system was calculated 24 years which considers low electricity prices in Reykjavik and unforeseen high installation costs. Solar energy could be a feasible option in the future if production- and installation costs were to decrease and if the solar PV output could be sold to the electric grid in Iceland.

Performance Analysis of PV Systems: Case study of Palestine Technical University (PTUK) PV Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Science Building ◽  
University Buildings

Performance ratio is one of the indicators used to describe the effectiveness of the PV systems. The sustainability of the PV system year after year as well as its reliability can be checked by measuring the performance ratio each year. This indicator will also enable us to carry out a comparison between the performances of different PV systems. In this paper, the performance ratios for five PV systems installed on the roof tops of some of PTUK university buildings have been calculated on monthly and yearly basis. The analysis has been carried out using the available data (energy production and solar irradiation) for the year 2019. It was found that the performance ratio has higher values for May and September in comparison with other months. On the other hand, its lowest values were obtained in winter months. This trend can be observed for all of the PV clusters on the five buildings.  When taking into account the overall system, the highest value for the performance ratio was 0.89, which was for September, whereas its lowest value of 0.70 was obtained in January. The performance ratio, which was calculated on yearly basis for the overall system, was found to be 0.80. When considering each building separately, the lowest value was 0.44 for the “Services” building whereas the highest value was 0.94 for the Science building.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of PV Systems: Case study of Palestine Technical University (PTUK) PV Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Science Building ◽  
University Buildings

Performance ratio is one of the indicators used to describe the effectiveness of the PV systems. The sustainability of the PV system year after year as well as its reliability can be checked by measuring the performance ratio each year. This indicator will also enable us to carry out a comparison between the performances of different PV systems. In this paper, the performance ratios for five PV systems installed on the roof tops of some of PTUK university buildings have been calculated on monthly and yearly basis. The analysis has been carried out using the available data (energy production and solar irradiation) for the year 2019. It was found that the performance ratio has higher values for May and September in comparison with other months. On the other hand, its lowest values were obtained in winter months. This trend can be observed for all of the PV clusters on the five buildings.  When taking into account the overall system, the highest value for the performance ratio was 0.89, which was for September, whereas its lowest value of 0.70 was obtained in January. The performance ratio, which was calculated on yearly basis for the overall system, was found to be 0.80. When considering each building separately, the lowest value was 0.44 for the “Services” building whereas the highest value was 0.94 for the Science building.

scholarly journals Performance Analyses of 15 kW Grid-Tied Photo Voltaic Solar System Type under Baghdad city climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Nibras Mahmood Obaid ◽  
Emad T. Hashim ◽  
Naseer K. Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Solar Array ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Performance Analyses

The performance analyses of 15 kWp (kW peak) Grid -Tied solar PV system (that considered first of its type) implemented at the Training and Energy Research Center Subsidiary of Iraqi Ministry of Electricity in Baghdad city has been achieved. The system consists of 72 modules arranged in 6 strings were each string contains 12 modules connected in series to increase the voltage output while these strings connected in parallel to increase the current output. According to the observed duration, the reference daily yields, array daily yields and final daily yields of this system were (5.9, 4.56, 4.4) kWh/kWp/day respectively. The energy yield was 1585 kWh/kWp/year while the annual total solar irradiation received by solar array system was 1986.4kWh/m2. The average power losses per day of array, system losses and overall losses were (1.38, 0.15, 1.53) kWh/kWp/day respectively. The average capacity factor and performance ratio per year were 18.4% and 75.5% respectively. These results highlighted the performance analyses of this PV solar system located in Baghdad city. The performance can be considered as good and significant comparing with other world PV solar stations.  

scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of a Rooftop Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Installation under the Climatic Conditions of Texas (USA)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Fadhil Y. Al-Aboosi ◽  
Abdullah F. Al-Aboosi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have demonstrated growing competitiveness as a viable alternative to fossil fuel-based power plants to mitigate the negative impact of fossil energy sources on the environment. Notwithstanding, solar PV technology has not made yet a meaningful contribution in most countries globally. This study aims to encourage the adoption of solar PV systems on rooftop buildings in countries which have a good solar energy potential, and even if they are oil or gas producers, based on the obtained results of a proposed PV system. The performance of a rooftop grid-tied 3360 kWp PV system was analyzed by considering technical, economic, and environmental criteria, solar irradiance intensity, two modes of single-axis tracking, shadow effect, PV cell temperature impact on system efficiency, and Texas A&M University as a case study. The evaluated parameters of the proposed system include energy output, array yield, final yield, array and system losses, capacity factor, performance ratio, return on investment, payback period, Levelized cost of energy, and carbon emission. According to the overall performance results of the proposed PV system, it is found to be a technically, economically, and environmentally feasible solution for electricity generation and would play a significant role in the future energy mix of Texas.

Increasing the Productivity of Solar Photovoltaic Systems

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Torrey ◽  
James M. Kokernak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Array Configuration ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Partial Shade ◽  
The Impact

State-sponsored incentives have played a significant role in driving the demand for residential and small commercial photovoltaic (PV) systems. All state incentive programs are tied to the power rating of the system, though some states also offer energy production incentives. Unfortunately, there is a disconnect between the power rating of a PV system and the energy that system produces over its lifetime. It is extremely important to consider system productivity, which goes well beyond the efficiency of the components. System productivity is tied directly to the structure of the array, not just the efficiency of the components and the quality of the installation. This paper examines the issues associated with improving solar PV system productivity. The focus is on comparing a series-parallel array configuration to a series-string array configuration and the impact on energy production. Partial shade is used to highlight substantial differences between the operation of the two array configurations.

scholarly journals Solar PV nowcasting based on skycamera observations

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Voronych ◽  
Robert Höller ◽  
Germanno Longhi Beck ◽  
Wolfgang Traunmüller
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Forecast Performance ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Upper Austria ◽  
System Output ◽  
Different Time Scales

Abstract. In recent years the installation of PV systems has increased dramatically in many countries. Annual global installed power has already reached more than 400 GW in 2017. A major challenge for operators is that PV system output is highly fluctuating due to cloud movements and other atmospheric influences. Forecasting of solar irradiation and PV power on different time scales will, therefore, become more and more important for different users. As part of the Austrian PV-go-Smart project, several skycameras have been installed in the region of Upper Austria. In this paper we show differences and advantages of two skycams and their image qualities. Algorithms for the detection of clouds, cloud movement, and GHI forecasting have been developed and validated with ground observation at the Wels site. This work focusses on image quality issues related to short-term irradiance forecasting using all-sky cameras, in particular the influence on raindrops on forecast performance.

scholarly journals Solar PV System Performance Ratio Evaluation for Electric Vehicles Charging Stations in Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Kianda Dhipatya Syahindra ◽  
Samsul Ma’arif ◽  
Aditya Anindito Widayat ◽  
Ahmad Fakhrul Fauzi ◽  
Eko Adhi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Mathematical Calculation

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) areas are locations that have limited land area. Solar PV systems are planned to be installed in these areas to support electric vehicles such as e-scooters, electric cars, motorcycles, and buses. However, solar PV systems in general require a large land area. The purpose of this paper is to find out and compare the Performance Ratios (PR) of a solar PV system installed on the rooftop with a floating solar PV system installed on the lake to determine which solar PV system fits better for TOD areas. PR analysis uses two methods, PVSyst software simulation and is validated using mathematical calculations. The result of the PR of floating solar PV is 76.39% using PVSyst simulation and 80.24% using mathematical calculation. Meanwhile, the PR of rooftop solar PV is 82.69% using PVSyst simulation and 73.41% using mathematical calculation. The significant factors that influence PR value are the energy produced by the solar PV system, its losses, and albedo value of the reflector surface for bifacial solar PV. Albedo value has to be maximized in order to obtain a higher performance ratio value. Based on this study, both rooftop and floating PV systems are equally suitable for TOD areas.

scholarly journals Designing of a Hybrid Photovoltaic Structure for an Energy-Efficient Street Lightning System Using PVsyst Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tamoor ◽  
Abdul Rauf Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Farhan ◽  
Sajjad Miran ◽  
Faakhar Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Utility Grid

With the depletion of traditional fossil fuels, their disastrous impact on the environment and rising costs, renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) energy are rapidly emerging as sustainable and clean sources of power generation. The performance of photovoltaic systems is based on different factors such as the type of photovoltaic modules, irradiation potential and geographic location. In this research, PVsyst simulation software is used to design and simulate a hybrid photovoltaic system used to operate energy-efficient street lightning system. The simulation is performed to analyze the monthly/annual energy generated (kWh) by the hybrid system and specific power production (kWh/KWp). Additionally, various PV system losses are also investigated. The hybrid PV system has 4 parallel strings, and each string has 13 series-connected (mono crystalline 400 W Canadian Solar) PV modules. The energy storage system consists of 16 Narada (AcmeG 12 V 200) batteries with a nominal capacity of 1600 Ah. The simulation results show that the total annual energy production and specific energy production, were calculated to be 26.68 MWh/year and 1283 kWh/kWp/year, respectively. Simulation results also show the maximum energy injected into the utility grid in the month of June (1.814 MWh) and the minimum energy injected into the utility grid in the month of January (0.848 MWh). The battery cycle state of wear is 84.8%, and the static state of wear is 91.7%. Performance ratio (PR) analysis shows that the highest performance ratio of the hybrid system was 68.2% in December, the lowest performance ratio was 62.7% in May and the annual average performance ratio of a hybrid PV system is 65.57%. After identifying the major source of energy losses, the detailed losses for the whole year were computed and shown by the loss diagrams. To evaluate the cost effectiveness of the proposed system, a simple payback period calculation was performed.

scholarly journals Lookup Tables for Power Generation Performance of Photovoltaic Systems Covering 40 Geographic Locations (Wilayats) in the Sultanate of Oman, with and without Solar Tracking, and General Perspectives about Solar Irradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13209
Author(s):  
Osama A. Marzouk
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Lookup Tables ◽  
The Impact

An energy modeler for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems may be limited to climatic data of certain major cities, not covering the one for which the PV system is intended. Additionally, a person not skilled in solar PV modeling may still desire a quick estimate of PV system electricity generation to help decide the level of investment in PV systems. This work addresses these points by establishing lookup tables to summarize predicted electricity generation, solar irradiation, and optimum orientation at various locations in the Sultanate of Oman. The results are produced by processing simulation data using the online open-access tool PVGIS (Photovoltaic Geographical Information System) of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (EC-JRC). The tables cover 40 out of the country’s 61 s-level administrative divisions (wilayats) and cover fixed and movable PV panels. The results show that the yearly electricity generation can change up to 11.86% due to the change of location. Two-axis PV tracking offers a small improvement (about 4% on average) over single-vertical-axis tracking but offers noticeable improvement (about 34% on average) over optimally oriented fixed PV panels. Monthly profiles of expected PV electricity generation, as well as the generation drop due to changing the PV mounting from free standing to building integrated, were examined for three locations. As general perspectives that may be of interest to global readers, this work provides quantitative evidence of the overall accuracy of the PVGIS-SARAH database through comparison with ground-measured global horizontal irradiation (GHI). In addition, a full example is presented considering 12 different countries in the northern and southern hemispheres that brings the attention of solar energy modelers to the level of errors they may encounter when the impact of longitude (thus, the exact location) is ignored for simplicity, while focus is given to the latitude.

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulation of 115.2 kWp Grid-Connected Solar PV System using PVSYST

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Aryal ◽  
Nawraj Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
And Performance

The renewable sources such as solar, wind, biomass, etc. are often used for electricity generation for their availability, no green-house gas emission and solar photovoltaic is major among them. Many On-Grid PV systems are being installed around the globe nowadays to reduce electricity dependency on a single source and thus enhance availability of energy sources. Kathmandu, Nepal receives sufficient sunshine with insolation around 4.5 to 5 kWh/m2/day, which justifies essence of grid-connected solar PV installations. A 115.2 kWp solar plant has been installed at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Maharajgunj, Kathmandu to fulfill its own load demands and reduce the electricity bill of the building. The generated energy is not fed to the grid currently. The detailed On-Grid solar PV system is modeled, and performance parameters such as Performance Ratio, Specific Yield and Capacity Utilization Factor as defined by International Electro technical Commission are estimated using simulation techniques from PVSYST. The actual generation of the existing system within one year of installation is measured to be 35 MWh but simulation tool suggests that total 199 MWh can be generated using similar capacity panel, with system being totally on-grid type. Using PVSYST, the performance parameters are found to be performance ratio 83.5 % and Specific Yield 1728 kWh/kWp respectively. Thus, this paper intends to calculate performance parameters of existing system as well as performance of identical sized, totally on-grid system, simulated using PVSYST.

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