scholarly journals Advertising an Empire of Oil: The British Petroleum Company and the Persian Khan Exhibit of 1924–1925

MediaTropes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-39
Author(s):  
Ian Wereley
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
British Petroleum ◽  
Imaginary World ◽  
Advertising Campaign ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Petroleum Company

This article explores the publicity and advertising campaigns undertaken by the British Petroleum Company (BP) during the 1920s, focusing specifically on the Persian Khan exhibit mounted at the British Empire Exhibition of 1924–1925. Despite their rich value as primary sources, the marketing campaigns of British oil companies—and in particular of BP—have been relatively overlooked by historians. Using an energy humanities approach, the article reconstructs the Khan exhibit and its galleries, revealing an imaginary world in which oil was framed as an exotic prize held captive beneath wild and inhospitable landscapes. As BP’s most elaborate and expensive advertising campaign of the 1920s, seen and visited by millions, the Persian Khan exhibit provides a valuable lens through which to view the broader development of British attitudes toward oil during the period.

International Arbitrations between States and Foreign Private Parties: the Libyan Nationalization Cases

1981 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. von Mehren ◽  
P. Nicholas Kourides
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
British Petroleum ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Standard Oil Company ◽  
Petroleum Company ◽  
The Military ◽  
Oil Company

On November 29 and 30, 1971, Iran occupied three islands, which were nominally under British protection, in the Persian Gulf. As a result of Britain’s failure to prevent the occupation, the Government of the Libyan Arab Republic, on December 7, 1971, announced the nationalization of all of the interests and properties in Libya of BP Exploration Company (Libya) Limited (BP), a subsidiary of British Petroleum Company Limited. On September 1, 1973, on the fourth anniversary of the military takeover of Libya led by Colonel Muammar el-Qaddafi, the Government of Libya announced the nationalization of 51 percent of the interests and properties in Libya of nine international oil companies. Approximately 5½ months later, on February 11, 1974, on the eve of the opening of the Washington conference of major oil-importing nations, the Government of Libya announced the nationalization of the remaining 49 percent of the interests and properties in Libya of three of those nine companies: Texaco Overseas Petroleum Company (TOPCO), a subsidiary of Texaco Inc.; California Asiatic Oil Company (CALASIATIC), a subsidiary of Standard Oil Company of California; and the Libyan American Oil Company (LIAMCO), a subsidiary of Atlantic Richfield Company.

Conversaziones, 1971

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
British Petroleum ◽  
The North ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Seismic Sections ◽  
Petroleum Company ◽  
Gas Fields

CONVERSAZIONES were held this year on 6 May and 24 June. At the first conversazione twenty-four exhibits and a film were shown. Dr P. E. Kent, F.R.S., and Mr P. J. Walmsley of The British Petroleum Company Limited arranged an exhibit demonstrating the latest progress in the exploration for hydrocarbons in the North Sea. The established gas fields and the recently discovered oil fields were shown on maps together with sections which illustrated their structure. Seismic sections and geological interpretations were exhibited to show the type of information being obtained in the North Sea and the structural complexities which arise. A scale model of one of the semi-submersible drilling outfits used in North Sea exploration was on display together with a sample of British North Sea oil.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Horrall
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
South Pole ◽  
The South ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Evolutionary Theories

This short chapter opens with a scene set in 1911, in which Antarctic explorers from throughout the British Empire listen to a recording of the era’s most famous cave man in their hut near the South Pole. This demonstrates how the cave man had been insinuated into global popular culture. The introduction then briefly sketches the character’s genesis, noting the importance of popular evolutionary theories and especially Charles Darwin, the role played by the cartoonist Edward Tennyson ‘E.T.’ Reed and the international influence of his drawings. The use of the term ‘cave man’ to refer to these ancient humans is discussed as are issues surrounding gender and race. Finally, a short note about primary sources discusses how digitisation and searchable databases have revolutionised the ways in which popular culture can be explored, reconstructed and understood.

International Arbitral Tribunal: Award on the Merits in Dispute Between Texaco Overseas Petroleum Company/California Asiatic Oil Company and the Government of the Libyan Arab Republic (Compensation For Nationalized Property)

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Legal Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
Petroleum Company ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oil Company

The following arbitral award was rendered by a sole arbitrator in connection with disputes reen the Libyan Arab Republic ("Libya") and two international oil companies arising out of rees of nationalization promulgated by Libya. This award is being reproduced herewith in entirety . The award not only considers many fundamental principles and doctrines of international law but is also unique in two major respects . For the first time in the history of international arbitration relating to economic development contracts , an arbitral tribunal held ; the injured parties were entitled to restitutio in integrum and that the sovereign s t a te obliged to perform specifically its contractual obligations with private foreign investors, iddition, the arbitral tribunal , after reviewing the legal effect in international law of the :ed Nations General Assembly resolutions concerning permanent sovereignty over natural wealth resources, concluded that such resolutions could not be used by the state to violate its :ractual obligations in commercial transactions . The remaining portion of this Introductory : will briefly describe the steps leading to arbitration , the arbitral proceedings and the ilution of the disputes.

Recovery Efficiency in Hydraulically Fractured Shale Gas Reservoirs

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxian B. Seales ◽  
Turgay Ertekin ◽  
John Yilin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
British Petroleum ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Shale Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Petroleum Company ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

At the end of 2015 the U.S. held 5.6% or approximately 369 Tcf of worldwide conventional natural gas proved reserves (British Petroleum Company, 2016, “BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2016,” British Petroleum Co., London). If unconventional gas sources are considered, natural gas reserves rise steeply to 2276 Tcf. Shale gas alone accounts for approximately 750 Tcf of the technically recoverable gas reserves in the U.S. (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2011, “Review of Emerging Resources: U.S. Shale Gas and Shale Oil plays,” U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC). However, this represents only a very small fraction of the gas associated with shale formations and is indicative of current technological limits. This manuscript addresses the question of recovery efficiency/recovery factor (RF) in fractured gas shales. Predictions of gas RF in fractured shale gas reservoirs are presented as a function of operating conditions, non-Darcy flow, gas slippage, proppant crushing, and proppant diagenesis. Recovery factors are simulated using a fully implicit, three-dimensional, two-phase, dual-porosity finite difference model that was developed specifically for this purpose. The results presented in this article provide clear insight into the range of recovery factors one can expect from a fractured shale gas formation, the impact that operation procedures and other phenomena have on these recovery factors, and the efficiency or inefficiency of contemporary shale gas production technology.

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