Effect of Storage on Osmotic Fragility in CPDA-1 Stored Blood in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of storage on the in vitro osmotic fragility of erythrocytes of humans in a single unit of whole blood. Blood was collected by venepunture from a healthy adult male (70-75 kg) into CPDA-1(450ml) blood bag containing citrate phosphate dextrose as anticoagulant (63ml) and stored in a blood bank maintained at 4°c ± 2°c. The osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes was determined by measuring the release of haemoglobin from blood added to tubes containing serially diluted phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4). The Blood samples were analyzed on day 1 to day 35 after collection (5 weeks). Increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility was observed at week 3 (p=0.010). The initial haemolysis (>5%) occurred between 0.50% and 0.55% PBS. The mean corpuscular fragility was between 0.35 and 0.45% PBS. Maximum haemolysis occurred in 0.35% PBS. Osmotic fragility was significantly affected by storage (p<0.05). In conclusion, this research showed that there is an increase in the osmotic fragility as donor blood is stored and that the effect is more pronounced from week 3. There is need to maintain the cold chain management of stored donor blood to ensure that the aim of red cell transfusion which is to manage anaemia and increase the oxygen carrying capacity is not compromised.

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The effect of alcide®, a new antimicrobial drug, on rat blood glutathione and erythrocyte osmotic fragility,in vitro

Journal of Applied Toxicology ◽

10.1002/jat.2550050308 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 178-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohamed S. Abdel-Rahman ◽

Joann Scatina

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Fragility ◽

Antimicrobial Drug ◽

Rat Blood ◽

Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility

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Carboxylic Acids with Certain Molecular Structures Decrease Osmotic Fragility against Osmotic Pressure in Cattle Erythrocytes In Vitro: Appearance of a Wedge-like Effect Similar to RBCs in Other Animal Species

10.35248/2167-0501.19.8.264 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 08 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Hitoshi Mineo ◽

Masaharu Moriyoshi

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Pressure ◽

Carboxylic Acids ◽

Animal Species ◽

Osmotic Fragility ◽

Molecular Structures

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Effect of temperature, CO2 and O2 on motility and mobility of Anisakidae larvae

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83505-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aiyan Guan ◽

Inge Van Damme ◽

Frank Devlieghere ◽

Sarah Gabriël

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Digestion ◽

Infected Fish ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Video Recordings ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Semi Solid ◽

Zoonotic Parasites ◽

The Impact ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline

AbstractAnisakidae, marine nematodes, are underrecognized fish-borne zoonotic parasites. Studies on factors that could trigger parasites to actively migrate out of the fish are very limited. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of different environmental conditions (temperature, CO2 and O2) on larval motility (in situ movement) and mobility (migration) in vitro. Larvae were collected by candling or enzymatic digestion from infected fish, identified morphologically and confirmed molecularly. Individual larvae were transferred to a semi-solid Phosphate Buffered Saline agar, and subjected to different temperatures (6 ℃, 12 ℃, 22 ℃, 37 ℃) at air conditions. Moreover, different combinations of CO2 and O2 with N2 as filler were tested, at both 6 °C and 12 °C. Video recordings of larvae were translated into scores for larval motility and mobility. Results showed that temperature had significant influence on larval movements, with the highest motility and mobility observed at 22 ℃ for Anisakis spp. larvae and 37 ℃ for Pseudoterranova spp. larvae. During the first 10 min, the median migration of Anisakis spp. larvae was 10 cm at 22 ℃, and the median migration of Pseudoterranova spp. larvae was 3 cm at 37 ℃. Larval mobility was not significantly different under the different CO2 or O2 conditions at 6 °C and 12 ℃. It was concluded that temperature significantly facilitated larval movement with the optimum temperature being different for Anisakis spp. and Pseudoterranova spp., while CO2 and O2 did not on the short term. This should be further validated in parasite-infected/spiked fish fillets.

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Characterization of Gelatin Hydrogels Cross-Linked with Microbial Transglutaminase as Engineered Skeletal Muscle Substrates

Bioengineering ◽

10.3390/bioengineering8010006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Divya Gupta ◽

Jeffrey W. Santoso ◽

Megan L. McCain

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Elastic Modulus ◽

Ambient Air ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

Microbial Transglutaminase ◽

Conventional Culture ◽

Muscle Tissues ◽

Physical Features ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline

Engineered in vitro models of skeletal muscle are essential for efficiently screening drug safety and efficacy. However, conventional culture substrates poorly replicate physical features of native muscle and do not support long-term culture, which limits tissue maturity. Micromolded gelatin hydrogels cross-linked with microbial transglutaminase (gelatin-MTG hydrogels) have previously been shown to induce C21C2 myotube alignment and improve culture longevity. However, several properties of gelatin-MTG hydrogels have not been systematically characterized, such as changes in elastic modulus during incubation in culture-like conditions and their ability to support sarcomere maturation. In this study, various gelatin-MTG hydrogels were fabricated and incubated in ambient or culture-like conditions. Elastic modulus, mass, and transmittance were measured over a one- or two-week period. Compared to hydrogels in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or ambient air, hydrogels in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and 5% CO2 demonstrated the most stable elastic modulus. A subset of gelatin-MTG hydrogels was micromolded and seeded with C2C12 or primary chick myoblasts, which aligned and fused into multinucleated myotubes with relatively mature sarcomeres. These data are important for fabricating gelatin-MTG hydrogels with predictable and stable mechanical properties and highlight their advantages as culture substrates for engineering relatively mature and stable muscle tissues.

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The Antibacterial Effects of Resin-Based Dental Sealants: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14020413 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 413

Author(s):

Saad Saeed AlShahrani ◽

Mana’a Saleh AlAbbas ◽

Isadora Martini Garcia ◽

Maha Ibrahim AlGhannam ◽

Muath Abdulrahman AlRuwaili ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Dental Sealants ◽

Medium Risk ◽

Metabolic Activities ◽

High Degree ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽

Full Text Screening

This review aimed to assess the antimicrobial effects of different antibacterial agents/compounds incorporated in resin-based dental sealants. Four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched. From the 8052 records retrieved, 275 records were considered eligible for full-text screening. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction and quality assessment was performed by two independent reviewers. Six of the nineteen included studies were judged to have low risk of bias, and the rest had medium risk of bias. Compounds and particles such as zinc, tin, Selenium, chitosan, chlorhexidine, fluoride and methyl methacrylate were found to be effective in reducing the colony-forming unit counts, producing inhibition zones, reducing the optical density, reducing the metabolic activities, reducing the lactic acid and polysaccharide production and neutralizing the pH when they are added to the resin-based dental sealants. In addition, some studies showed that the antibacterial effect was not significantly different after 2 weeks, 2 months and 6 months aging in distilled water or phosphate-buffered saline. In conclusion, studies have confirmed the effectiveness of adding antibacterial agents/compounds to dental sealants. However, we should consider that these results are based on laboratory studies with a high degree of heterogeneity.

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Dermal delivery of amitriptyline for topical analgesia

Drug Delivery and Translational Research ◽

10.1007/s13346-021-00982-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chin-Ping Kung ◽

Bruno C. Sil ◽

Yanling Zhang ◽

Jonathan Hadgraft ◽

Majella E. Lane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Options ◽

Isopropyl Myristate ◽

Promising Candidate ◽

In Vitro Permeation ◽

Base Form ◽

Dermal Delivery ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽

Topical Analgesia ◽

Topical Analgesic

Abstract Amitriptyline, administered orally, is currently one of the treatment options for the management of neuropathic pain and migraine. Because of the physicochemical properties of the molecule, amitriptyline is also a promising candidate for delivery as a topical analgesic. Here we report the dermal delivery of amitriptyline from a range of simple formulations. The first stage of the work required the conversion of amitriptyline hydrochloride to the free base form as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Distribution coefficient values were measured at pH 6, 6.5, 7, and 7.4. Solubility and stability of amitriptyline were assessed prior to conducting in vitro permeation and mass balance studies. The compound demonstrated instability in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) dependent on pH. Volatile formulations comprising of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and isopropyl myristate (IPM) or propylene glycol (PG) were evaluated in porcine skin under finite dose conditions. Compared with neat IPM, the IPM:IPA vehicles promoted 8-fold and 5-fold increases in the amount of amitriptyline that permeated at 24 h. Formulations containing PG also appear to be promising vehicles for dermal delivery of amitriptyline, typically delivering higher amounts of amitriptyline than the IPM:IPA vehicles. The results reported here suggest that further optimization of topical amitriptyline formulations should be pursued towards development of a product for clinical investigational studies. Graphical abstract

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Comparison of Borate Bioactive Glass and Calcium Sulfate as Implants for the Local Delivery of Teicoplanin in the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Osteomyelitis in a Rabbit Model

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00196-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 (12) ◽

pp. 7571-7580 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Wei-Tao Jia ◽

Qiang Fu ◽

Wen-Hai Huang ◽

Chang-Qing Zhang ◽

Mohamed N. Rahaman

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Calcium Sulfate ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Local Delivery ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Content Type ◽

Borate Bioactive Glass ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline

ABSTRACTThere is growing interest in biomaterials that can cure bone infection and also regenerate bone. In this study, two groups of implants composed of 10% (wt/wt) teicoplanin (TEC)-loaded borate bioactive glass (designated TBG) or calcium sulfate (TCS) were created and evaluated for their ability to release TECin vitroand to cure methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA)-induced osteomyelitis in a rabbit model. When immersed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), both groups of implants provided a sustained release of TEC at a therapeutic level for up to 3 to 4 weeks while they were gradually degraded and converted to hydroxyapatite. The TBG implants showed a longer duration of TEC release and better retention of strength as a function of immersion time in PBS. Infected rabbit tibiae were treated by debridement, followed by implantation of TBG or TCS pellets or intravenous injection with TEC, or were left untreated. Evaluation at 6 weeks postimplantation showed that the animals implanted with TBG or TCS pellets had significantly lower radiological and histological scores, lower rates of MRSA-positive cultures, and lower bacterial loads than those preoperatively and those of animals treated intravenously. The level of bone regeneration was also higher in the defects treated with the TBG pellets. The results showed that local TEC delivery was more effective than intravenous administration for the treatment of MRSA-induced osteomyelitis. Borate glass has the advantages of better mechanical strength, more desirable kinetics of release of TEC, and a higher osteogenic capacity and thus could be an effective alternative to calcium sulfate for local delivery of TEC.

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Minor Changes in Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 5 (TAAR5) Knockout Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7307

Author(s):

Ilya S. Zhukov ◽

Larisa G. Kubarskaya ◽

Inessa V. Karpova ◽

Anastasia N. Vaganova ◽

Marina N. Karpenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knockout Mice ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Gene Knockout ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Osmotic Fragility ◽

Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility ◽

Trace Amine ◽

Socially Relevant ◽

The Impact

Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) are a group of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed in the olfactory epithelium, central nervous system, and periphery. TAAR family generally consists of nine types of receptors (TAAR1-9), which can detect biogenic amines. During the last 5 years, the TAAR5 receptor became one of the most intriguing receptors in this subfamily. Recent studies revealed that TAAR5 is involved not only in sensing socially relevant odors but also in the regulation of dopamine and serotonin transmission, emotional regulation, and adult neurogenesis by providing significant input from the olfactory system to the limbic brain areas. Such results indicate that future antagonistic TAAR5-based therapies may have high pharmacological potential in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders. TAAR5 is known to be expressed in leucocytes as well. To evaluate potential hematological side effects of such future treatments we analyzed several hematological parameters in mice lacking TAAR5. In these mutants, we observed minor but significant changes in the osmotic fragility test of erythrocytes and hematocrit levels. At the same time, analysis of other parameters including complete blood count and reticulocyte levels showed no significant alterations in TAAR5 knockout mice. Thus, TAAR5 gene knockout leads to minor negative changes in the erythropoiesis or eryptosis processes, and further research in that field is needed. The impact of TAAR5 deficiency on other hematological parameters seems minimal. Such negative, albeit minor, effects of TAAR5 deficiency should be taken into account during future TAAR5-based therapy development.

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