scholarly journals Birth Spacing Influence on Maternal and Child Health in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Nursing Mothers ◽  
And Child Health

The study established the influence of birth spacing on maternal and child health in Nigeria. A total of two hundred (200) nursing mothers that registered with the maternal and child care units of Obafemi Awolowo Teaching Hospital Complex in Ile-Ife area constituted the sample for the study. Their ages ranged from 20years to 55 years with a mean age of 34.5 years and standard deviation of 6.5. The two instruments used were author-constructed questionnaires with 0.66 and 0.69 reliability coefficient respectively. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple regression and chi-square statistics. The results obtained from the study indicated that, a combination of the six independent variables significantly predicted the dependent variable F= (115.813); R= .703, R2 = .494, Adj. R2 = .489; P<.05). The results also indicated that, significant relationship existed between the health histories (B = 5.755, T =8.844), behavior of individual women (B = 5.575, T = 2.284), utilization of reproductive health services (B = 5.558, T =8.495), family background (B = 5.121, T =10.633), contraceptive use (B= -2.670, T= 10.722) and socio-economic status (B =-2.648, T =6.322) and maternal and child health. The results further showed the significant position between health histories (X2 cal = 33.956) is the most potent factor followed behaviors of the individual women (X2 cal = 29.762); utilization of reproductive health services (X2 cal = 16.986); family backgrounds (X2 cal = 12.716); contraceptive use (X2 cal = 5.969); and socio-economic status (X2 cal = 1.268) and maternal and child health. Based on the results of these findings, it was recommended that nursing mothers should be made to be aware of the inherent dangers of inadequate birth spacing such as increased risk of premature membrane rupture, uteroplacental bleeding disorders, poor health for both the mother and the child, miscarriage or induced abortion and consequently death.

scholarly journals Male involvement in family planning; an often neglected determinant of contraceptive prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Mamah Johnbosco ◽  
Okafor Love ◽  
Egbuji Chuma ◽  
Mgbafulu Christian ◽  
Ibo Chukwunenye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Male Involvement ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Child Health

<p class="abstract">For more than two decades, there have been efforts to include men in family planning programmes. Male involvement was first echoed on a global scale at the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) plan of action, Cairo 1994.<strong> </strong>This article is aimed at highlighting the importance of male involvement in increasing contraceptive prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa.<strong> </strong>A literature search using Google, Google scholar, PubMed, Hinary, Medical textbooks and related journals. Relevant articles were extracted and used for this review.<strong> </strong>Majority of the literature assessed showed alienation of men in family planning and other reproductive health services despite the declaration made at the International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo, 1994. Findings also showed significant level of awareness of modern family planning methods amongst men but very low support for its use by themselves and/or their spouses or partners. Some of the reasons for such apathy include fears of side effects, non-availability, high cost and ignorance. The importance of involving men in family planning services cannot be over stressed. There are overwhelming evidence that with male support, there would be greater uptake and sustained use of family planning. This will lead to improved maternal and child health indices especially in our setting where the burden of the morbidity and mortality of maternal and child health is greatest.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment the knowledge of mothers ‘toward home accident among children less than five years in Polytechnic University of Sulaimani

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Attallah O. Qasem ◽  
Layla A. Abas ◽  
Burhan A. Hama Hussein ◽  
Muhammed S. Qadir ◽  
Faisal Abdula Salih
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Validity Data ◽  
Demographic Attributes ◽  
Home Accidents ◽  
And Child Health

Children accidents are an essential source of death and wounds among children during the first of life. Annually, millions of children are constantly becoming handicap or blemished because of mishaps.Objective: To assess knowledge of children mothers toward home accidents in polytechnic University of Sulaimani. Methodology: A simple random sample of (110) respondents were selected.. The data collected and composed during the utilization of a created questionnaire, with two parts; the first part assessed the knowledge of children mothers with (20) yes or no questions and the second part includes the mothers' demographic attributes. A pilot study was carried out for the period of December 18th to 28th 2015 in order to conclude the questionnaire accuracy during the use of (Test – Retest). A panel of (8) experts was include in the determination of the questionnaire content validity Data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical data analysis approach (frequency and percentage), and inferential data analysis approach (Mean of Scores).).The results of the study revealed, the mean age of the mothers was (1.86) years, (58.2%) of them had completed secondary school, (88.2%) of mothers have more than five children, (89.1%) of mother’s were in moderate socio-economic status, (47.3%) of mothers have personal reading information,(58.2) of the child were male,(13.6%) of mothers have knowledge about safe housing condition held in Maternal and Child Health Centers.The conclusion of this study revealed that, inadequate children mothers’ knowledge regarding home accidents among children less than six years held in Maternal and Child Health Centers during the antenatal period. So the recommendation are suggested, reinforces the need for effective education program via mass media, for mothers. 

scholarly journals Indirect effects of COVID-19 on maternal, neonatal, child, sexual and reproductive health services in Kampala, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e006102
Author(s):  
Jessica Florence Burt ◽  
Joseph Ouma ◽  
Lawrence Lubyayi ◽  
Alexander Amone ◽  
Lorna Aol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Clinic Attendance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Child Health

BackgroundCOVID-19 impacted global maternal, neonatal and child health outcomes. We hypothesised that the early, strict lockdown that restricted individuals’ movements in Uganda limited access to services.MethodsAn observational study, using routinely collected data from Electronic Medical Records, was carried out, in Kawempe district, Kampala. An interrupted time series analysis assessed the impact on maternal, neonatal, child, sexual and reproductive health services from July 2019 to December 2020. Descriptive statistics summarised the main outcomes before (July 2019–March 2020), during (April 2020–June 2020) and after the national lockdown (July 2020–December 2020).ResultsBetween 1 July 2019 and 31 December 2020, there were 14 401 antenatal clinic, 33 499 deliveries, 111 658 childhood service and 57 174 sexual health attendances. All antenatal and vaccination services ceased in lockdown for 4 weeks.During the 3-month lockdown, the number of antenatal attendances significantly decreased and remain below pre-COVID levels (370 fewer/month). Attendances for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV dropped then stabilised. Increases during lockdown and immediately postlockdown included the number of women treated for high blood pressure, eclampsia and pre-eclampsia (218 more/month), adverse pregnancy outcomes (stillbirths, low-birth-weight and premature infant births), the rate of neonatal unit admissions, neonatal deaths and abortions. Maternal mortality remained stable. Immunisation clinic attendance declined while neonatal death rate rose (from 39 to 49/1000 livebirths). The number of children treated for pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria decreased during lockdown.ConclusionThe Ugandan response to COVID-19 negatively impacted maternal, child and neonatal health, with an increase seen in pregnancy complications and fetal and infant outcomes, likely due to delayed care-seeking behaviour. Decreased vaccination clinic attendance leaves a cohort of infants unprotected, affecting all vaccine-preventable diseases. Future pandemic responses must consider impacts of movement restrictions and access to preventative services to protect maternal and child health.

Does gender equality and availability of contraception influence maternal and child mortality? A systematic review

2019 ◽  
pp. bmjsrh-2018-200184
Author(s):  
Tanmay Bagade ◽  
Catherine Chojenta ◽  
Melissa L Harris ◽  
Smriti Nepal ◽  
Deborah Loxton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
And Child Health

BackgroundCurrent global maternal and child health policies rarely value gender equality or women’s rights and are restricted to policies addressing clinical interventions and family planning. Gender equality influences the knowledge, autonomy and utilisation of contraception and healthcare, thereby affecting maternal and child health. This systematic review aims to analyse the concurrent effect of gender equality and contraception on maternal and under-5 child mortality.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to investigate the current evidence. Studies were eligible if three themes—namely, indicators of gender equality (such as female education, labour force participation, gender-based violence), contraception, and maternal or child mortality—were present together in a single article analysing the same sample at the same time.ResultsEven though extensive literature on this topic exists, only three studies managed to fit the selection criteria. Findings of two studies indicated an association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and infant mortality, and also reported that women’s contraceptive use increased the risk of IPV. The third study found that the mother’s secondary education attainment significantly reduced child mortality, while the mother’s working status increased the odds of child mortality. The researchers of all included studies specified that contraceptive use significantly reduced the risk of child mortality.ConclusionImprovement in gender equality and contraception concurrently affect the reduction in child mortality. These findings provide strong support to address the research gaps and to include a gender equality approach towards maternal and child health policies.

scholarly journals Maternal and Child Health Implementation Research in Mozambique: Effective Community Interventions to Promote Sexual and Reproductive Health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Das Das Neves Pires ◽  
Martins Mupueleque ◽  
David Zakus ◽  
Jaibo Mucufo ◽  
Ahmed Abdirazak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Child Health Service ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Child Health

Abstract Background: High maternal and neonatal mortality rates in Mozambique, are due to adolescent pregnancies, difficulties in accessing health services, traditional constraints, and gender inequalities. An implementation research project, Alert Community to Prepared Hospital in Natikiri, Nampula, Mozambique was developed to reduce maternal and new-born mortality. From 2016 to 2020, it implemented activities to improve population knowledge and function in sexual and reproductive health, and to enable community participation in maternal health services. In this paper we will assess and discuss the impact of community participation on improving sexual and reproductive health.Methods: Implementation research with community intervention and programmed mid-term evaluations, using mixed methods research, with descriptive quantitative surveys and qualitative focus groups discussions and interviews, applied from 2017 to 2020. Local health committees, traditional birth attendants, traditional healers and local leadership all participated: trained in sexual and reproductive health and participated in radio discussion groups; community and hospital members of the co-management committee enabled local programming. Maternal and child health indicators were evaluated with health unit’s operational data. Quantitative data were captured in Microsoft Office Excel, analysed with SPSS21 to find frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation; qualitative data registered in Word was analysed with NVIVO. This research received bioethical approvals from both the Mozambique and Canadian universities and followed Helsinki Declaration recommendations.Results: Comparing changes from 2016 to 2019, the number of health committees operating in Natikiri rose from 7 to 20. Each committee integrated four Family Health Champions, who attained 24738 residents with health education interventions on reproductive health. A theatre group developed dramas about the same key messages, presented in communities. Population access to contraceptives was facilitated, from 42% to 91% in women and from 65% to 90% in men. At Marrere Health Centre, women with four ante-natal visits rose by 185%, and children less than one year of age’ visits 89%; at Marrere General Hospital deliveries rose 60%.Conclusion: Community participation, at all levels of maternal and child health service care continuum, from community to hospital, enhanced with complementary interventions well contextualised, is effective in improving adolescent and adult sexual and reproductive health.Trial registrationThis study was not registered in any data base.

Interactions of contraception and breast-feeding in developing countries

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (S4) ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Mosley ◽  
T. Osteria ◽  
S. L. Huffman
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Health Programmes

One of the major goals of health programmes in the developing world is to improve maternal and child health. Two important steps towards achieving this goal are the promotion of birth spacing and the promotion of breast-feeding. Since birth spacing requires some type of fertility control measures, modern contraceptive programmes are becoming an integral part of maternal and child health programmes. The next logical question would then appear to be, ‘What are the appropriate contraceptives, particularly among the modern methods, for use during lactation ?’

scholarly journals Associations Between Socio-Economic Status and Child Health: Findings of a Large German Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Poulain ◽  
Mandy Vogel ◽  
Carolin Sobek ◽  
Anja Hilbert ◽  
Antje Körner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Behavioral Difficulties ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
And Child Health

The familial social background of a child can significantly impact their behavior and health. We investigated associations between socio-economic status (SES) and health parameters and behaviors in German children and adolescents. Data were collected between 2011 and 2018 in the framework of the LIFE Child study. Participants included 2998 children aged 3–18 years. SES was represented by an index combining information on parental education, occupation, and income. Associations between SES and health outcomes were estimated using linear and logistic regression analyses. In a moderator analysis, all associations were checked for interactions between SES and age or sex. A higher SES composite score was associated with better health (lower body mass index (β = −0.26), fewer behavioral difficulties (β = −0.18), higher quality of life (β = 0.21), fewer critical life events (odds ratio (OR) = 0.93); all p < 0.05) and a healthier lifestyle (healthier nutrition (β = 0.16), less excessive television use (OR = 0.87), less nicotine consumption (OR = 0.93), and more physical activity (OR = 1.18); all p < 0.05). However, SES was not associated with alcohol consumption (OR = 1.02) or sleep problems (β = −0.04). The strengths of the associations between SES and child health did not differ depending on SES indicator (education, occupation, income). The associations between SES and parent-reported behavioral difficulties and physical activity were stronger in older vs. younger children. In contrast, none of the observed associations were moderated by sex. This study highlights the strong association between socio-economic status and child health, even in modern Western societies.

scholarly journals The direct and indirect impact of COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child health services in Africa: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince Adu ◽  
Lisa Stallwood ◽  
Stephen O. Adebola ◽  
Theresa Abah ◽  
Arnold Ikedichi Okpani
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
And Child Health

Abstract IntroductionThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to disrupt the availability and utilization of routine and emergency health care services, with differing impacts in jurisdictions across the world. In this scoping review, we set out to synthesize documentation of the direct and indirect effect of the pandemic, and national responses to it, on maternal and child health (MNCH) in Africa.MethodsA scoping review was conducted to provide an overview of the most significant impacts identified up to February 2021. Our search included peer reviewed literature, working papers and news articles with the intent to capture evolving and novel updates on the topic. Narrative descriptions were written about thematic areas for which the authors extracted the most evidence.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-five articles were identified through our literature search and 17 were deemed appropriate for analysis. We identified three overarching themes: delayed care, disruption in service provision and utilization and mitigation strategies or recommendation.DiscussionAvailable literature suggests widespread service cutbacks amid a mosaic of mitigation strategies. Our results show that minor consideration was given to preserving health service access for mothers and children, especially in historically underserved areas. Lack of emergency preparedness and infrastructural constraints prevented useful approaches such as telemedicine from being meaningfully utilized.ConclusionsOur scoping review shows that limited research has been published on this topic. Reviewed literature illuminates the continuing need and prioritization for maternity services, immunization, and reproductive health services, which have not been prioritized during the pandemic, yet are necessary to shield the continent’s most vulnerable population segments from the shocks of current and future global health emergencies.

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