scholarly journals Effects of Flavonoids from Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi Stems and Leaves on Learning and Memory Ability of APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Memory Ability ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽  
Stems And Leaves

Introduction: APP/PS1 transgenic mice are established natively AD-like animal model. The present study used this animal model to study the effects of stems and leaves flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SSF) on APP/PS1 transgenic mice learning and memory ability with Morris water maze, jumping platform, dark box and shuttle box test. The results demonstrated that SSF markedly improve the learning and memory ability in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, and the four behavioral tests of Morris water maze, jumping platform, dark box and shuttle box are also suitable methods for evaluating the learning and memory ability of animals. Objective: To study the effects of SSF on the learning and memory ability in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by several behavioral experiment methods. Methods: APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into model group and three doses of SSF treated groups. While, the same period C57BL/6J mice were used as the control group. The APP/PS1 transgenic mice in the drug group were given continuous daily and orally administration of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg SSF for 77 days. On the day 51 of administration, four behavioral experimental methods, including Morris water maze, jumping platform, dark box and shuttle box were supplied to test the learning and memory ability of all mice and continually administered SSF during the test. Results: Compared with the control group, Morris water maze test found that model group mice had a significant longer latency to find the hidden platform, shortened swimming time in the target quadrant, and reduced number of crossing platforms (P<0.05, P<0.01). The detection of jumping platform and dark box showed that the latencies of the model group for jumping off the platform and entering the dark box were significantly shortened, and error times received by electric shocks was significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The shuttle box test reported that the number of active avoidance in the model group was significantly decreased, while the times of passive avoidance and non-response were significantly increased (P<0.05, P< 0.01). However, the three doses of SSF markedly shortened or prolonged the latency of APP/PS1 transgenic mice to find the hidden platform, jump off the platform and enter the dark box, as well as reduce the errors times of electric shock (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: SSF can improve the learning and memory impairment of APP/PS1 mice by different behavioral test.

scholarly journals Improvement of Electroacupuncture on APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice in Spatial Learning and Memory Probably due to Expression of Aβand LRP1 in Hippocampus

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Yanhuan Miao ◽  
Jiawula Abulizi ◽  
Fu Li ◽  
Yuping Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Amyloid A

Objectives. To explore the alterations ofβ-amyloid (Aβ) and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) in APP/PS1 mice after electroacupuncture (EA) treatment and further to explore the mechanism.Methods. Forty 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into a model group and an EA group, with twenty wild-type mice used as a normal control group. Mice in the EA group were treated with EA at GV 20 (băi huì) and bilateral KI 1 (yŏng quán) acupoints for 6 weeks. The Morris water maze was applied to assess the spatial memory in behavior. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), ELISA, Western blotting, and so forth were used to observe the expression of LRP1 and Aβ.Results. The Morris water maze test showed that, compared with the normal control group, the model group’s learning and memory capabilities were significantly decreased (P<0.05;P<0.01). The EA group was reversed (P<0.05;P<0.01). The hippocampal expression of Aβin the EA group was significantly decreased compared to the model group (P<0.01). The expression of LRP1 in the model group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.01); the expression in the EA group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P<0.01).Conclusions. EA therapy can improve the learning and memory capabilities of APP/PS1 mice. The underlying mechanism may lie in the upregulation of an Aβtransport receptor and LRP1.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Treatment Improves Learning-Memory Ability and Brain Glucose Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease: Using Morris Water Maze and Micro-PET

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Kai Gao ◽  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
Anping Xu ◽  
Suhua Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Memory Ability ◽  
Electroacupuncture Treatment

Introduction. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) causes progressive hippocampus dysfunctions leading to the impairment of learning and memory ability and low level of uptake rate of glucose in hippocampus. What is more, there is no effective treatment for AD. In this study, we evaluated the beneficial and protective effects of electroacupuncture in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8).Method. In the electroacupuncture paradigm, electroacupuncture treatment was performed once a day for 15 days on 7.5-month-old SAMP8 male mice. In the normal control paradigm and AD control group, 7.5-month-old SAMR1 male mice and SAMP8 male mice were grabbed and bandaged while electroacupuncture group therapy, in order to ensure the same treatment conditions, once a day, 15 days.Results. From the Morris water maze (MWM) test, we found that the treatment of electroacupuncture can improve the spatial learning and memory ability of SAMP8 mouse, and from the micro-PET test, we proved that after the electroacupuncture treatment the level of uptake rate of glucose in hippocampus was higher than normal control group.Conclusion. These results suggest that the treatment of electroacupuncture may provide a viable treatment option for AD.

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TRIPHALA CHURNA INSTREPTOZOTOCIN (I. C. V.) INDUCED DEMENTIA IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Purabi Deka ◽  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Glutathione Level

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the memory improving activity of Triphala Churna hydro-methanolic fruit extract on learning and memory functions in Streptozotocin (I. C. V) induced dementia in rats by using morris water maze and elevated plus maze.Methods: A total of 42 albino wistar rats weighing 80-100 g were randomized into 7 equal groups as follows: Normal control group received normal saline (1 ml/kg p. o.) for 24 d, STZ treated group (3 mg/kg, i. c. v) were administered in two dosage regimen i.e. on first day and third day.), Standard group: Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i. c. v)+Vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day p. o.) were administered for 21 d, Standard group: Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i. c. v)+Rivastigmine (2 mg/kg/day p. o.) were administered for 21 d. The learning and memory-impaired rats were treated with Triphala Churna Formulation 1, Triphala Churna Formulation 2 and Triphala Churna Formulation 3 for 21 d (100 mg/kg p. o.). AchE activity, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione level of brain homogenate was estimated in Control/STZ (I. C. V)/Standard/Triphala Churna fruits extract treated rats.Results: Administration of Triphala Churna fruits extract significantly restored learning and memory impairment induced by STZ (I. C. V) in the elevated plus maze and morris water maze. Furthermore, in the TPLC F2 and TPLC F3 treated group brain AchE level was decreased (P≤0.01) as well as brain lipid peroxidation was also decreased (P≤0.001). Brain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione level were increased (P≤0.001) in the TPLC1 and TPLC2 treated group when compared to the STZ treated group, TPLC F2 and TPLC F3 treated group showed significant (P≤0.001, P≤0.01) increase in superoxide dismutase level. Conclusion: Triphala Churna fruits extract has an improving effect on learning and memory impairment rats produced by Streptozotocin (I. C. V) and may have a useful effect in the treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Change of learning and memory ability and IGF-1 level in type 3 diabetes rats and effect of analog P165 of APP 5-mer peptide

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 503-503
Author(s):  
R. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Escape Latency ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Memory Ability ◽  
Type 3 Diabetes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type 3

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Analog P165 of APP5-mer peptide on change of learning and memory ability in type 3 diabetes rats.MethodHealthy adult male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Control group; type 3 diabetes (T3DM) group; T3DM administrated P165 group. T3DM models were induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Streptozotocin (STZ, 3 mg/kg) bilaterally. P165 groups were treated with gastric P165 (355 μg/kg) Then, learning and memory ability was detected by Morris water maze test. Body weight and serum glucose were recorded. The rat serum Insulin, Gluocagon, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IFG-1) was detected by ELISA method.ResultsIn the Morris water maze test, compared with control group, the escape latency increased significantly (p < 0.05) in model group at the 3rd day. Compared with model group, the escape latency decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the models administrated P165 group at the 3rd day. Although there was no significant difference, the escape latency decreased in P165 group at the 4th and 5th day. From the result of rats blood serum detection, the serum IGF-1 level decreased significantly in the model group (p < 0.01) than the control group. The serum IGF-1 level increased significantly in P165 treated group(p < 0.05).The body weight and the serum glucose, insulin, gluocagon had no significant difference among the groups in the period of experiment.ConclusionThere is learning and memory impairment in the T3DM rats. P165 can raise the rats blood serum IGF-1 level, ameliorate learning and memory ability but don’t influence the serum glucose.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Murraya koenigii on Learning and Memory in Mice

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sunday A. Bisong ◽  
Ememobong E. Ekpenyong
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Acquisition Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reversal Training ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Curry (Muraya koenigii) leaf is an essential leafy spice used widely in cuisine for its distinct flavor and for other medicinal purposes: Analgesic, antidysenteric, antioxidant and in regulating fertility. The Morris water maze was used to study the effects of aqueous extracts of M. koenigii (curry) leaf on learning and memory. Aqueous leaf extracts of M. koenigii (80mg/kg, p.o.) was administered to 7 CD1 strain of mice (18-28 g body weight) while the control group received 0.1 ml/10 kg body weight of distilled water (orally) for 10 days before behavior was assessed. All mice were tested in the Morris water maze for 8 days: At 4 trials per day and 60 seconds per trial. Day 1-3 were for acquisition training, day 4-6 reversal training, day 7, the probe trail and day 8 visible platform task. Results indicate that swim latency were not significantly different between the groups during acquisition and reversal training. The retention quadrant duration was significantly higher for the M. koenigi-treated mice compare to the control (P<0.05). The mice treated with M. koenigi showed a negative weight gain, indicating weight loss (p< 0.05). Therefore the aqueous extracts of M. koenigi improved visuospatial memory in the mice and decreased body weight.

scholarly journals Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate on the Modulation of Memory and Learning in Sprague-Dawley Rat Hippocampus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 291-295
Author(s):  
Asma Ulhusna Shaimi ◽  
Hasmah Abdullah ◽  
Zalina Ismail ◽  
Wan Amir Nizam Wan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Rat Hippocampus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Swimming Pattern ◽  
The Brain

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) is a neurosteroid that is found in greater concentration within the brain rather than in any other body organ (Corpechot et al., 1981) and studies have shown that in the brain, DHEAS has a role in enhancing both learning and memory (Markowski et.al., 2001). This present study investigated the relationship between DHEAS and spatial learning and memory in the rat hippocampus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups and their spatial learning behaviour was evaluated with the Morris Water Maze. The intensity of DHEAS was simultaneously recorded in real time via the Fiber Fluorescence Microscopy (FFM) S-650 probe of the Cellvisio system. There were significant changes in the swimming pattern of the experimental groups obtained via the Morris Water Maze from day 1 until day 5 and day 6 for the probe test. Meanwhile, it was also seen that the intensity of DHEAS fluorescence increased in parallel to the swimming pattern of the experimental rats in comparison to the control group. The findings suggest that the changes in DHEAS fluorescence has a strong link to both spatial learning and memory.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Recombinant Ganoderma Lucidum Immunomodulatory Protein (rLZ-8) Against Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haotian Wang ◽  
Jun Fu ◽  
Huan Tang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Liping Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Memory Ability ◽  
Maze Test

Abstract Backgroud: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly, seriously threatening the health of the elderly. In this study, the protective effect of recombinant Ganoderma lucidum immunomodulatory protein (rLZ-8) against the scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in rats was studied for the first time. Methods: Male Wistar rats in rLZ-8-treated groups were intraperitoneally injected with 56 μg/kg, 112 μg/kg, and 224 μg/kg rLZ-8, respectively, those in donepezil group were intraperitoneally injected with 1.0mg/kg donepezil, and those in the normal saline group were intraperitoneally injected with an equal volume of normal saline, successively for 14 days. On the 7th day after the administration, the learning and memory ability of rats was observed by Morris water maze test, and the biochemical indexes and cytokines in the serum and brain tissues of the rats were detected after the behaviour test for investigating the protective mechanism of rLZ-8 against the scopolamine-induced AD in rats. Results: In the water maze test, compared with that in the model group, the escape latency and the swimming distance of rats on the 5th and 6th day were significantly shortened in the three rLZ-8-treated groups. In the space exploration test, compared with that in the model group, the number of passing through the location of original platform was significantly increased and the time of rats’ staying in the second quadrant was significantly prolonged in the three rLZ-8-treated groups, and furthermore, the detectionresults related to Alzheimer's disease in the serum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex of ratsindicated that rLZ-8 could improve the contents or activities of the related indexes. Conclusion: In rlZ-8 could significantly improve the learning and memory ability of AD rats, and the possible mechanism was to improve the learning and memory ability by protecting the cholinergic system.

Effects of Schisandra Polysaccharides on the Learning and Memory Ability in Brain Aging Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1595-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jing Sun ◽  
Shu Jing ◽  
Chun Mei Wang ◽  
Cheng Yi Zhang ◽  
Hong Xia Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Passive Avoidance Test ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Memory Ability ◽  
Avoidance Test ◽  
Mice Brain

This study focused on the improvement of Schisandra polysaccharide on the learning and memory in D-galactose-induced brain aging mice, to lay the foundation for the prevention and treatment of brain aging and related diseases. D-galactose was used to establish a mice brain aging model, Morris water maze and passive avoidance test were used to observe effects of Schisandra polysaccharide on the learning and memory ability of D- galactose-induced brain aging mice. The results showed that Schisandra polysaccharide could prolong the time of target qundrant, increase the number to cross the original platform in the Morris water maze test, and prolong the latency and reduce the number of errors of mice in the passive avoidance test. It is believed that Schisandra polysaccharide could improve the learning and memory ability of mice with brain aging.

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