scholarly journals The seasonality of 65 million births in Brazil – 1997-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morvan de Mello Moreira ◽  
Wilson Fusco ◽  
Cristiano Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Birth Seasonality ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
Seasonality Of Births

The seasonality of births has been a universal phenomenon worthy of attention since the XVIII century. Exhibiting a variety of forms, many times showing similar patterns in dissimilar societies, and dissimilar patterns in societies alike, there has never been a plausible unifying explanation for their behavior. Finding reasonable causes to understand birth seasonality worldwide is still a challenge. This paper intends to contribute to the discussion on birth seasonality in light of the Brazilian reality, analyzing data about 65,764,313 births from 1997 to 2018 in Brazil. This study investigates monthly birth seasonality, according to social-demographic characteristics of mothers (region, age, race/color, schooling, fertility, and marital status), adjusted to consider the same length for each month of the year. Brazil has two clear periods of birth peaks: the main one is observed in March, April, and May, due to winter conception. A second important peak is observed in September, related to conceptions in December. A clear valley is observed in November and December, due to summertime conceptions. In spite of the continental dimensions of Brazil, its climatic diversity and broad social differences, the Brazilian population presents the same temporal birth distribution, according to geographic spaces and population segments, due mainly to conceptions happening in the Brazilian winter season.

The socio-demographic determinants of workplace loneliness in India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mantasha Firoz ◽  
Richa Chaudhary ◽  
Madhu Lata
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Hypotheses Testing ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Organizational Hierarchy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Sectors

PurposeThis study was conducted with two main objectives: (1) to examine the prevalence of workplace loneliness in the Indian manufacturing and service sectors (2) to examine the influence of socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, nature of the organization, tenure, number of friends at the workplace, and position in the organizational hierarchy) on the feeling of loneliness in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 934 employees working in manufacturing and service sectors across India. Regression analysis was used for hypotheses testing.FindingsFindings indicated below average level of loneliness in Indian workplace. Significant differences were found in workplace loneliness with respect to age, marital status and number of friends at the workplace. In contrast, gender, nature of organization, position and tenure had no effect on the feeling of workplace loneliness.Originality/valueThis study advances the limited literature on workplace loneliness by identifying its prevalence and socio-demographic determinants in Indian business organizations. It would help HR practitioners in comprehending and dealing with the emerging challenges associated with workplace loneliness.

scholarly journals Demographic Features of Identified PLWHA Infected through Commercial and Nonmarital Noncommercial Heterosexual Contact in China from 2015 – 2018: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilong Dong ◽  
Liying Ma ◽  
Chang Cai ◽  
George Fu Gao ◽  
Fan Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Heterosexual Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background:Understanding the demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) or nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Methods:Cases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. A descriptive and preliminary inferential analysis were performed for those demographic characteristics deemed of interest.Results:Overall, 523,121 identified PLWHA between 2015 and 2018 in the CRS were analyzed. The constituent ratio of heterosexual transmission increased from 66.25% in 2015 to 71.48% in 2018. The proportion of CHC heterosexual transmission decreased from 40.18% in 2015 to 37.99% in 2018, while that of NMNCHC increased from 46.33% in 2015 to 49.02% in 2018. PLWHA infected through NMNCHC were significantly younger than those who were infected through CHC (Student’s t test, P<0.0001), with an average age gap ranging from 5.63 (2015) to 7.46 (2018) years, and the average age of both groups increased annually. The frequency of newly identified PLWHA who were infected through CHC had a remarkable increase among the ages of 65 and above. Gender distribution was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 8909.00(2015), 9941.90(2016), 11004.00 (2017), 12836.00(2018), all P < 0.0001), and the ratio of men to women in the NMCHC group was 1.50:1 (2015), 1.51:1 (2016), 1.54:1 (2017), and 1.52:1 (2018), while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, these ratios were 11.45:1 (2015), 12.08:1 (2016), 12.53:1 (2017), and 13.28:1 (2018). Marital status was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 94.67 (2015), 109.88(2016), 58.18(2017), 152.38(2018), all P < 0.0001). As the educational level improved, the proportion of NMNCHC also increased (Cochran - Armitage test, P<0.0001).Conclusions:We found that heterosexual transmission was the primary mode of HIV transmission in China from 2015 to 2018. PLWHA infected through CHC and NMNCHC had different characteristics in age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The frequency of PLWHA infected through CHC increased substantially in the age group of 65 and above. This study provides useful baseline data for future studies on the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.

scholarly journals A INFLUÊNCIA DOS CONTEXTOS SOCIODEMOGRÁFICOS NO BONDING PATERNO

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Carla Cruz ◽  
Paula Nelas ◽  
Emília Coutinho ◽  
Cláudia Chaves ◽  
Odete Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bonding Process ◽  
Nurse Specialist ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sample Characterization ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CONTEXT ON PARENT/BABY BONDINGBackground: The bonding process is essential to favors and/or determines the future relationship between parent and baby and influences the cognitive and social development of the child. The bonding is conditioned by a set of interrelated factors with parental and situational conditions that may assist or prevent the establishment of bonding (Pereira, 2009).Objective: Establish the relationship between the sociodemographic context (age, marital status, educational qualifications and length of relationship) and bonding parent/baby.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, correlational descriptive, quantitative, attended by 349 parents, aged between 19 and 55, with an average age of 31,84 (sd=6,067). To providing a reliable sample characterization the social-demographic we applied questionnaires and Bonding Scale (Figueiredo et al., 2005).Results: This study reveals that positive bonding is influenced by age (p=0,010), being higher in parents aged 30 years or less. With regard to qualifications, it was found that the smaller the educational level of the parents, the greater the bonding positive (p=0,045). On the other hand the marital status and the length of the relationship did not influence the bonding.Conclusion: Given the importance of the bonding process between parent and baby, whose involvement should exist from the beginning of pregnancy, it’s imperative that the Nurse Specialist in maternal health take responsibility to educate and stimulate the paternal bonding supporting and integrating the father in the process of adaptation to parenthood.Keywords: Father, Baby, Bonding; Pregnancy.Resumo. Enquadramento: O processo de vinculação é indispensável pois favorece e/ou determina a futura relação entre a díade: pai/bebé e influencia o desenvolvimento cognitivo e social da criança. Este processo de vinculação (bonding) é condicionado por um conjunto de fatores interligados com as condições parentais e situacionais que poderão coadjuvar ou impedir o estabelecimento do proceso de vinculação (Pereira, 2009).Objetivo: Estabelecer a relação entre o contexto sociodemográfico (idade, estado civil, habilitações literárias e duração do relacionamento) e a vinculação (bonding) entre o pai e o bebé.Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo-correlacional, de natureza quantitativa, com uma amostra de 349 pais com média de idade de 31,84 anos (dp= 6,067). O instrumento de colheita de dados foi o questionário que permitiu caracterizar a amostra nas variáveis sociodemográficas e a Escala de Bonding (Figueiredo et al., 2005).Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que o bonding positivo é influenciado pela idade (p=0,010), sendo mais elevado nos pais com idade igual ou inferior a 30 anos. No que concerne às habilitações literárias, verificou-se que quanto menor é a escolaridade dos pais, maior é o bonding positivo (p=0,045).Por outro lado o estado civil e a duração do relacionamento não influenciam o bonding.Conclusão: Face à importância do processo de vinculação pai/bebe, cujo envolvimento debe existir desde o início da gravidez, é imprescindível que o Enfermeiro especialista em saúde materna assuma a responsabilidade de educar e estimular o bonding paterno apoiando e integrando o pai no processo de adaptação à parentalidade.Palavras-chave: Pai; Bebé; Bonding; gravidez

The Epidemiological Analysis of HIV/AIDS Patients: Sexually Transmitted Diseases Department VS. Other Departments in A General Hospital of Shanghai, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Yu ◽  
Liangliang Shen ◽  
Yufei Li ◽  
Jingjun Zhao ◽  
Heping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Hospital is an important place for HIV/AIDS screening, and a general hospital is composed of multiple departments. Different departments have different levels of understanding of HIV/AIDS, especially the sexually transmitted diseases (STD) department is the main place for HIV/AIDS screening. Objective: The study aims to validate the common knowledge that the STD department is an important place for HIV/AIDS screening by comparing the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients in the STD department and other departments in Tongji Hospital, which can provide a theoretical basis for the precise and differentiated control of HIV/AIDS. Methods: A total of 283,525 HIV screening cases were analyzed from January 1st 2006 to December 31st 2018 in the STD department and other departments. The epidemiological data of 226 HIV/AIDS cases were retrospectively analyzed. Results : Firstly, the incidence of HIV/AIDS in the population served by Tongji Hospital was higher than that in Shanghai and China. Secondly, the positive rate of HIV screening test in the STD department was ten times higher than that of other departments. Thirdly, the social-demographic characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients in the STD department were different from those in other departments. Fourthly, there were differences in age, education, marital status and number of sex partners between men who have sex with men (MSM) and men who have sex with women (MSW). Fifthly, there was no difference except age in social-demographic characteristics of MSM between the STD department and other departments. Sixthly, compared with other departments, the majority of HIV/AIDS patients in the STD department were MSM. Seventhly, syphilis and HIV co-infection were not statistically significant in HIV/AIDS patients between the STD department and other departments. Conclusion: Firstly, the significantly higher positive rate of an HIV screening test in the STD department emphasizes its importance as a place for screening HIV/AIDS patients. Secondly, HIV/AIDS patients diagnosed in the general hospital were mainly transmitted by sexual contact, and MSM accounted for the most part of these patients. More attention should be paid to screen outpatients, especially in the STD department and young men.

Psychosocial Characteristics of Parolees in Forensic Social Work

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Fredric L. Pavelka
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Large Percentage ◽  
Recidivism Rate ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Forensic Social Work

During a 10-year period, July 1974-1984, demographic characteristics indicated close similarities between Ohio parolees and national parole statistics regarding age, race, and marital status. However, unemployment was found to be an unusually serious problem among Ohio parolees. In addition, a substance-abuse tendency further complicated the already disturbing plight of parolees. A high percentage of antisocial personality findings contributed to a high recidivism rate and an unusually large percentage of parolees were determined to be unamenable to conventional counseling.

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