scholarly journals Persistent delusions of modern gastroenterology

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Y. S. Tsimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Common Concept ◽  
The Common

The author shares his thoughts about exaggerating the role of infection with Helicobacter pylori in etiology and pathogenesis of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer. Arguments against the common concept of functional gastrointestinal disorders, formulation of syndromic rather than nosological diagnosis are represented. Particular attention is paid to the moral and ethical aspects of the use of placebo in clinical trials. The shortcomings and errors of the terms that are used in modern gastroenterology are analyzed in detail.

The Use of Antidepressants in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: New Uses for Old Drugs

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Olden
Keyword(s):  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Noncardiac Chest Pain ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Functional Gi Disorders ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTSince their introduction 50 years ago, antidepressants have been used in a wide variety of settings involving gastrointestinal (GI) disease. In the 1950s, antidepressants were shown to have some efficacy for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. This is most likely due to their antihistaminic and anticholinergic effects. Since then, more efficacious and more disease-specific treatments have become available. In the last 20 years, antidepressants have been increasingly used for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, noncardiac chest pain, and other functional GI disorders. This article will review the rationale for the use of antidepressant drugs for the treatment of functional GI disorders. The role of psychiatric comorbidity in functional GI disorders, the impact of antidepressants on GI motility and visceral sensation, and the ability of these agents to produce improvements in the global well-being and overall quality of life will be reviewed. Finally, guidelines for prescribing and barriers to a patient's acceptance of these agents will be discussed.

scholarly journals The Human Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori and Its Association with Gastric Cancer and Ulcer Disease

Ulcers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Bauer ◽  
Thomas F. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Peptic Ulcer Disease ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
H Pylori

With the momentous discovery in the 1980's that a bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, can cause peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer, antibiotic therapies and prophylactic measures have been successful, only in part, in reducing the global burden of these diseases. To date, ~700,000 deaths worldwide are still attributable annually to gastric cancer alone. Here, we review H. pylori's contribution to the epidemiology and histopathology of both gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease. Furthermore, we examine the host-pathogen relationship and H. pylori biology in context of these diseases, focusing on strain differences, virulence factors (CagA and VacA), immune activation and the challenges posed by resistance to existing therapies. We consider also the important role of host-genetic variants, for example, in inflammatory response genes, in determining infection outcome and the role of H. pylori in other pathologies—some accepted, for example, MALT lymphoma, and others more controversial, for example, idiopathic thrombocytic purpura. More recently, intriguing suggestions that H. pylori has protective effects in GERD and autoimmune diseases, such as asthma, have gained momentum. Therefore, we consider the basis for these suggestions and discuss the potential impact for future therapeutic rationales.

scholarly journals Helicobacter Pylori Infection And Gastric Cancer: Is It Our National Problem?

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Shahjadul Alam ◽  
Abu Mohammad Khaled Iqbal ◽  
Md Monoar Hossain ◽  
Abu Mohammad Kawser Sarker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Large Body ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Common ◽  
H Pylori

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In Bangladesh it ranks a leading position among the cancers patients. A large body of evidence supports a causal role of Helicobacter pylori in the majority of gastric malignancies. Scientists throughout the world explored and reached to the understanding about the pathogenesis of their relationship, but much remains to be learned. Moreover, because of the high prevalence of infection, the lack of definitive trials, and the challenges of H. pylori treatment, there remains a debate regarding the consensus on the role of routine screening and treatment of this infection to prevent cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge on H. pylori and its role for gastric cancer, present status of Bangladesh and a recommendation for reduction of the infectivity among the common population.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2018; 36(2): 70-76

scholarly journals Gastric Cancer in History: A Perspective Interdisciplinary Study

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skender Topi ◽  
Luigi Santacroce ◽  
Lucrezia Bottalico ◽  
Andrea Ballini ◽  
Alessio Danilo Inchingolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Gastric Lymphoma ◽  
Gastric Surgery ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Food Conditions ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma is the fourth most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the world. Despite abundant traces of an ancient history, the comprehension of its pathogenic mechanisms is rather recent and continuously updated. Methods: We investigated about how the ancient civilizations tried to understand the exactly physiopathology of gastric cancer, from the time when they could not examine deeply the histological and pathophysiologic aspects of the disease, but they just based their knowledge on a visual analysis of the signs and consequences of such disease. We examined the historical evolving knowledge of the disease along the centuries on the gastroenterological, pharmacological, and surgical fields, defining how gastric cancer became an increasingly curable disease. Results: Cancer was known in the ancient world. Ancient people did not know exactly the causes but the climatic, hygienic, and food conditions were the first to be considered over time, also taking into consideration supernatural negative influences. During the Renaissance, a tumultuous time of scientific discoveries started, thanks to an increasing number of autopsies made on cadavers and to the progressions in visual analysis of the stomach mucosa throughout endoscopy. From the first gastric surgery in 1879, many steps forward have been made and, today, gastric cancer is regarded as a more curable disease; one important discovery in this field has been the revelation of the role of Helicobacter pylori in the peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and in some forms of gastric lymphoma. Conclusions: Gastric cancer has the fourth highest incidence of various cancers worldwide and is ranked second as a cause of cancer-related death. It exists from the antiquity and a lot of hypotheses have been developed about its etiology during the centuries, influencing its therapy. During the 20th century, thanks to the scientific and technological progresses the causes of the cancer have been discovered and the role of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori has been demonstrated, and new perspective research are currently trying to investigate the role of other microorganisms in gastric physiopathology, as well as its possible modulation by probiotics.

scholarly journals The role of probiotics in the correction of the gastrointestinal disorders in children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.А. Хавкина ◽  
П.В. Чухляев ◽  
Т.А. Руженцова
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Functional Abdominal Pain ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Irritable Bowel

В статье представлен обзор исследований, посвященных изучению эффективности и безопасности пробиотиков в комплексной терапии нарушений желудочно-кишечного тракта у детей различного возраста. Отмечено, что ежедневное применение препаратов, содержащих Lactobacillus reuteri protectis в виде капель, растворенных в грудном молоке или смеси, существенно снижает длительность плача, увеличивает количество и качество дефекаций, снижает количество регургитаций. Кроме того, L. reuteri protectis обладают противовоспалительным, противомикробным и противовирусным действием, участвуют в цитомукопротекции за счет образования специфических биопленок на слизистой кишечника, а также продуцируют гамма-аминомасляную кислоту – основной нейрорегулятор моторной функции кишечника. Эти свойства обуславливают эффективность штамма в лечении и профилактике синдрома раздраженного кишечника, функциональной абдоминальной боли, а также гастрита и язвенной болезни, ассоциированных с Helicobacter pylori. В большинстве исследований отмечена важная роль пробиотического штамма L. reuteri DSM 17938 (protectis) в коррекции функциональной дисфункции желудочно-кишечного тракта у детей различного возраста. The article presents a review of studies devoted to the study of the effectiveness and safety of probiotics in the complex therapy of gastrointestinal disorders in children of various ages. It is noted that the daily use of drugs containing Lactobacillus reuteri protectis in the form of drops dissolved in breast milk, or a mixture, significantly reduces the duration of crying, increases the number and quality of defecation, reduces the number of regurgitations. In addition, L. reuteri protectis has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral effects, participates in cytomucoprotection due to the formation of specific biofilms on the intestinal mucosa, and also produces gamma-amino-butyric acid – the main neuroregulator of intestinal motor function. These properties determine the effectiveness of the strain in the treatment and prevention of irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain, as well as gastritis and peptic ulcer disease associated with Helicobacter pylori. Most studies have noted the important role of the probiotic strain L. reuteri DSM 17938 (protectis) in the correction of functional gastrointestinal dysfunction in children of various ages.

scholarly journals Systems Modeling of the Role of Interleukin-21 in the Maintenance of Effector CD4+ T Cell Responses during Chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adria Carbo ◽  
Danyvid Olivares-Villagómez ◽  
Raquel Hontecillas ◽  
Josep Bassaganya-Riera ◽  
Rupesh Chaturvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interleukin 21 ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Deficient Mice

ABSTRACTThe development of gastritis duringHelicobacter pyloriinfection is dependent on an activated adaptive immune response orchestrated by T helper (Th) cells. However, the relative contributions of the Th1 and Th17 subsets to gastritis and control of infection are still under investigation. To investigate the role of interleukin-21 (IL-21) in the gastric mucosa duringH. pyloriinfection, we combined mathematical modeling of CD4+T cell differentiation within vivomechanistic studies. We infected IL-21-deficient and wild-type mice withH. pyloristrain SS1 and assessed colonization, gastric inflammation, cellular infiltration, and cytokine profiles. ChronicallyH. pylori-infected IL-21-deficient mice had higherH. pyloricolonization, significantly less gastritis, and reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared to these parameters in infected wild-type littermates. Thesein vivodata were used to calibrate anH. pyloriinfection-dependent, CD4+T cell-specific computational model, which then described the mechanism by which IL-21 activates the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-17 during chronicH. pyloriinfection. The model predicted activated expression of T-bet and RORγt and the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT1 and suggested a potential role of IL-21 in the modulation of IL-10. Driven by our modeling-derived predictions, we found reduced levels of CD4+splenocyte-specifictbx21androrcexpression, reduced phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3, and an increase in CD4+T cell-specific IL-10 expression inH. pylori-infected IL-21-deficient mice. Our results indicate that IL-21 regulates Th1 and Th17 effector responses during chronicH. pyloriinfection in a STAT1- and STAT3-dependent manner, therefore playing a major role controllingH. pyloriinfection and gastritis.IMPORTANCEHelicobacter pyloriis the dominant member of the gastric microbiota in more than 50% of the world’s population.H. pyloricolonization has been implicated in gastritis and gastric cancer, as infection withH. pyloriis the single most common risk factor for gastric cancer. Current data suggest that, in addition to bacterial virulence factors, the magnitude and types of immune responses influence the outcome of colonization and chronic infection. This study uses a combined computational and experimental approach to investigate how IL-21, a proinflammatory T cell-derived cytokine, maintains the chronic proinflammatory T cell immune response driving chronic gastritis duringH. pyloriinfection. This research will also provide insight into a myriad of other infectious and immune disorders in which IL-21 is increasingly recognized to play a central role. The use of IL-21-related therapies may provide treatment options for individuals chronically colonized withH. pylorias an alternative to aggressive antibiotics.

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