Helicobacter Pylori Infection And Gastric Cancer: Is It Our National Problem?

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In Bangladesh it ranks a leading position among the cancers patients. A large body of evidence supports a causal role of Helicobacter pylori in the majority of gastric malignancies. Scientists throughout the world explored and reached to the understanding about the pathogenesis of their relationship, but much remains to be learned. Moreover, because of the high prevalence of infection, the lack of definitive trials, and the challenges of H. pylori treatment, there remains a debate regarding the consensus on the role of routine screening and treatment of this infection to prevent cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge on H. pylori and its role for gastric cancer, present status of Bangladesh and a recommendation for reduction of the infectivity among the common population.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2018; 36(2): 70-76

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Systems Modeling of the Role of Interleukin-21 in the Maintenance of Effector CD4+ T Cell Responses during Chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.01243-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Adria Carbo ◽

Danyvid Olivares-Villagómez ◽

Raquel Hontecillas ◽

Josep Bassaganya-Riera ◽

Rupesh Chaturvedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

T Cell ◽

Wild Type ◽

Content Type ◽

Interleukin 21 ◽

H Pylori ◽

Deficient Mice

ABSTRACTThe development of gastritis duringHelicobacter pyloriinfection is dependent on an activated adaptive immune response orchestrated by T helper (Th) cells. However, the relative contributions of the Th1 and Th17 subsets to gastritis and control of infection are still under investigation. To investigate the role of interleukin-21 (IL-21) in the gastric mucosa duringH. pyloriinfection, we combined mathematical modeling of CD4+T cell differentiation within vivomechanistic studies. We infected IL-21-deficient and wild-type mice withH. pyloristrain SS1 and assessed colonization, gastric inflammation, cellular infiltration, and cytokine profiles. ChronicallyH. pylori-infected IL-21-deficient mice had higherH. pyloricolonization, significantly less gastritis, and reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared to these parameters in infected wild-type littermates. Thesein vivodata were used to calibrate anH. pyloriinfection-dependent, CD4+T cell-specific computational model, which then described the mechanism by which IL-21 activates the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-17 during chronicH. pyloriinfection. The model predicted activated expression of T-bet and RORγt and the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT1 and suggested a potential role of IL-21 in the modulation of IL-10. Driven by our modeling-derived predictions, we found reduced levels of CD4+splenocyte-specifictbx21androrcexpression, reduced phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3, and an increase in CD4+T cell-specific IL-10 expression inH. pylori-infected IL-21-deficient mice. Our results indicate that IL-21 regulates Th1 and Th17 effector responses during chronicH. pyloriinfection in a STAT1- and STAT3-dependent manner, therefore playing a major role controllingH. pyloriinfection and gastritis.IMPORTANCEHelicobacter pyloriis the dominant member of the gastric microbiota in more than 50% of the world’s population.H. pyloricolonization has been implicated in gastritis and gastric cancer, as infection withH. pyloriis the single most common risk factor for gastric cancer. Current data suggest that, in addition to bacterial virulence factors, the magnitude and types of immune responses influence the outcome of colonization and chronic infection. This study uses a combined computational and experimental approach to investigate how IL-21, a proinflammatory T cell-derived cytokine, maintains the chronic proinflammatory T cell immune response driving chronic gastritis duringH. pyloriinfection. This research will also provide insight into a myriad of other infectious and immune disorders in which IL-21 is increasingly recognized to play a central role. The use of IL-21-related therapies may provide treatment options for individuals chronically colonized withH. pylorias an alternative to aggressive antibiotics.

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Helicobacter pylori bacteremia: an unusual finding

Infectious Disease Reports ◽

10.4081/idr.2016.6612 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Concetta De Luca ◽

Annalisa Mancin ◽

Maria Calabrò ◽

Cristina Daleno ◽

Antonella Ferrario ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Potential Role ◽

Rare Complication ◽

Subtotal Gastrectomy ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

H Pylori ◽

Stomach Surgery ◽

Unusual Finding

We report a case of Helicobacter pylori transient bacteremia in a woman with ulcerated antral gastric cancer. The patient was hospitalized for laparoscopy and subtotal gastrectomy. After surgery she developed fever (39°C) and was empirically treated with levofloxacin. Blood cultures, collected and sent immediately to Laboratory, were positive for a spiral Gramnegative bacterium. This isolate was identified as H. pylori and the specific susceptibility test was performed. One day after the fever was decreased but antibiotic treatment with levofloxacin was continued and it was maintained until discharge. In summary, H. pylori transient bacteremia may occur as a rare complication after stomach surgery. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the potential role of H. pylori presence in blood.

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Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Dysbiosis: Can Probiotics Administration Be Useful to Treat This Condition?

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2018/6237239 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Giovanni Bruno ◽

Giulia Rocco ◽

Piera Zaccari ◽

Barbara Porowska ◽

Maria Teresa Mascellino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Therapy Resistance ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Pathogenic Agent ◽

The World ◽

Gastric Microbiota ◽

Common Infections

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is responsible for one of the most common infections in the world. The prevalence exceeds 50% of the population in developing countries, and approximately one-third of the adults are colonized in North Europe and North America. It is considered a major pathogenic agent of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, atrophic gastritis, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT). Hp colonization modifies the composition of gastric microbiota that could drive the development of gastric disorders. Currently, an emerging problem in Hp treatment is represented by the increasing rate of antimicrobial therapy resistance. In this context, the search for adjuvant agents can be very useful to overcome this issue and probiotics administration can represent a valid option. The aim of this review is to describe the gastric microbiota changes during Hp colonization, the mechanisms of action, and a possible role of probiotics in the treatment of this infection.

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The Role of PPARγinHelicobacter pyloriInfection and Gastric Carcinogenesis

PPAR Research ◽

10.1155/2012/687570 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jong-Min Lee ◽

Sung Soo Kim ◽

Young-Seok Cho

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Mucosal Injury ◽

Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽

Etiologic Factor ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

H Pylori

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor that is important in many physiological and pathological processes, such as lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis. Several studies have shown that PPARγplays an important role in gastric mucosal injury due toHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori). AsH. pyloriinfection is the main etiologic factor in chronic gastritis and gastric cancer, understanding of the potential roles of PPARγinH. pyloriinfection may lead to the development of a therapeutic target. In this paper, the authors discuss the current knowledge on the role of PPARγinH. pyloriinfection and its related gastric carcinogenesis.

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Persistent delusions of modern gastroenterology

Herald of Pancreatic Club ◽

10.33149/vkp.2017.01.09 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 46-54

Author(s):

Y. S. Tsimmerman

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Ethical Aspects ◽

Ulcer Disease ◽

Common Concept ◽

The Common

The author shares his thoughts about exaggerating the role of infection with Helicobacter pylori in etiology and pathogenesis of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer. Arguments against the common concept of functional gastrointestinal disorders, formulation of syndromic rather than nosological diagnosis are represented. Particular attention is paid to the moral and ethical aspects of the use of placebo in clinical trials. The shortcomings and errors of the terms that are used in modern gastroenterology are analyzed in detail.

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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori vacA, cagA, cagE1, cagE2, dupA and oipA Genotypes in Patients With Gastrointestinal Diseases

ACTA MEDICA IRANICA ◽

10.18502/acta.v58i7.4417 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hossein Masoumi Asl ◽

Ali Badamchi ◽

Shima Javadinia ◽

Siamak Khaleghi ◽

Leila Tehraninia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Cancer Group ◽

Urease Test ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Vaca Gene ◽

H Pylori ◽

Positive Results ◽

Gastroenterology Unit

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that resides in the human stomach, which is associated with gastroduodenal diseases. We investigate the prevalence of cagA, vacA, oipA, cagE1, cagE2 and dupA genotypes in H. pylori isolated from patients with Gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and Gastric Cancer. Collected 74 samples from the Gastroenterology Unit of the Rasool Akram Hospital were included in this study. Gastric disorders were identified by endoscopy .gastric cancer was further confirmed by histopathology. H. pylori were detected by the urease test. Subsequently, DNA was extracted from gastric tissue of the subjects with the CLO-test yielded positive results. In general, 74 patients with a mean age of 53.45 years (Range 22 to 86-year-old), including 45 men and 29 women, were studied. Among 74 H. pylori-positive patients, 70 (94.5%) patients were positive for the cagA gene. About 95.8% (23/24) of the patients with gastric carcinoma were dupA positive and VacA gene (91.8%). The oipA genotype was detected in 71 (96%) of H.pylori positive samples. This gene was more common in patients with gastritis rather than cancer group. Also, 97.2% of 74 H. pylori isolates were cagE2-positive. In 25 patients with PUD, the occurrence percent of cagA+/VacA+, cagA+/Vac- , cagA- /VacA+ and cagA- /VaxA- genotypes were found 80%, 12%, 4.2% and 4.2 respectively. The results of the present study suggest that a high prevalence of virulent factors could contribute to the risk of developing gastroduodenal diseases.

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Los genes como marcadores de riesgo en cáncer gástrico: revisión de estudios en población colombiana

Respuestas ◽

10.22463/0122820x.383 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 61-73

Author(s):

Claudia Marcela Yáñez-Gutiérrez

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Human Gene ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Different Populations ◽

H Pylori ◽

Cáncer Gástrico

El objetivo de esta revisión, fue identificar el rol de los genes como marcadores de riesgo en cáncer gástrico (CG) en población colombiana. Se revisaron publicaciones de investigaciones realizadas en los últimos diez años, utilizando las bases MEDLINE y LILACS y complementando la pesquisa con la bibliografía relevante de los artículos. Se encontraron estudios en busca de asociación de CG con polimorfismos de varios genes humanos involucrados en la respuesta inmune, la desintoxicación y el supresor p53. En Colombia al igual que en otros países, las evidencias de asociación de polimorfismos genéticos con CG son aún controversiales, debido a la variación de los resultados que arrojan los estudios en las diferentes poblaciones. El genoma de las cepas de Helicobacter pylori que infectan población colombiana también ha sido investigado en búsqueda de polimorfismos de virulencia. El genotipo cagA/vacAs1m1 identificado como citotóxico en esta bacteria, mostró en la mayoría de las investigaciones, asociación con CG. La evidencia de asociación de CG con factores genéticos en población colombiana no es concluyente. Está lejos aún, la identificación de marcadores genéticos que permitan predecir el riesgo a desarrollar CG. A pesar de ello, algunos polimorfismos de genes humanos como los de IL-1 o los de algunas enzimas desintoxicantes, así como los genes cagA y vacA de Helicobacter pylori podrían ser candidatos a futuros marcadores de riesgo en esta neoplasia.Palabras clave: cáncer gástrico, riesgo, genotipo, Colombia. ABSTRACT The objective of this review was to identify the role of genes as risk markers in gastric cancer (GC) in Colombian population studies. The study reviewed research publications in the last ten years, using the MEDLINE and LILACS, as well as various literature research of relevant articles. Searching studies found GC association with several human gene polymorphisms involved in the immune response, detoxification and suppressor p53. In Colombia, as in other countries, the evidence of the association of genetic polymorphisms with GC are still controversial because of the variation in results that studies in different populations. The genome of Helicobacter pylori strains that infect Colombian population has also been investigated in search of polymorphisms of virulence. cagA/ vacAs1m1 genotype identified as cytotoxic in this bacterium, demonstrated most of the research associated with GC. Evidence of association of GC with Colombian population genetic factors was inconclusive. It is yet to be determined the exact identification of genetic markers that can predict the risk of developing GC. However, some human gene polymorphisms as IL-1 or some detoxifying enzymes and the vacA and cagA of H. pylori could be candidates for future risk markers in these tumors.Keywords: gastric cancer, risk, genotype, Colombia

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The Human Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori and Its Association with Gastric Cancer and Ulcer Disease

Ulcers ◽

10.1155/2011/340157 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Bianca Bauer ◽

Thomas F. Meyer

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Peptic Ulcer ◽

Peptic Ulcer Disease ◽

Strain Differences ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Ulcer Disease ◽

Prophylactic Measures ◽

H Pylori

With the momentous discovery in the 1980's that a bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, can cause peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer, antibiotic therapies and prophylactic measures have been successful, only in part, in reducing the global burden of these diseases. To date, ~700,000 deaths worldwide are still attributable annually to gastric cancer alone. Here, we review H. pylori's contribution to the epidemiology and histopathology of both gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease. Furthermore, we examine the host-pathogen relationship and H. pylori biology in context of these diseases, focusing on strain differences, virulence factors (CagA and VacA), immune activation and the challenges posed by resistance to existing therapies. We consider also the important role of host-genetic variants, for example, in inflammatory response genes, in determining infection outcome and the role of H. pylori in other pathologies—some accepted, for example, MALT lymphoma, and others more controversial, for example, idiopathic thrombocytic purpura. More recently, intriguing suggestions that H. pylori has protective effects in GERD and autoimmune diseases, such as asthma, have gained momentum. Therefore, we consider the basis for these suggestions and discuss the potential impact for future therapeutic rationales.

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40 Years of Helicobacter pylori: A Revolution in Biomedical Thought

Gastroenterology Insights ◽

10.3390/gastroent12020011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 111-135

Author(s):

Ioannis Alexandros Charitos ◽

Donato D’Agostino ◽

Skender Topi ◽

Lucrezia Bottalico

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Gastric Lymphoma ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

High Incidence Rate ◽

H Pylori

Background: Various microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, and fungi can infect humans and cause not just a simple infection but septic conditions, organ dysfunction, and precancerous conditions or cancer involving various organ systems. After the discovery of the microscope, it was easier to discover and study such microorganisms, as in the case of Helicobacter pylori, a pathogen that was seen in the distant era of the nineteenth century but without being recognized as such. It took 100 years to later discover the pathogenesis and the cancer that this bacterium can cause. Since it was discovered, until today, there has been a continuous search for the understanding of its pathogenetic mechanisms, and the therapeutic approach is continuously updated. Methods: We investigated how diagnosis and therapy were dealt with in the past and how researchers sought to understand, exactly, the pathogenetic biomolecular mechanisms of H. pylori, from the genesis of the infection to the current knowledge, with an analysis of carcinogenic mechanisms in the stomach. We have examined the scientific evolution of the knowledge of the disease over these 40 years in the gastroenterological and pharmacological fields. This was possible through a search in the databases of Medline, the WHO website, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, PubMed, and Web of Science to analyze the earlier and the latest data regarding H. pylori. Results: With the scientific discoveries over time, thanks to an increasing number of progressions in scientific research in the analysis of the gastric mucosa, the role of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer, carcinogenesis, and in some forms of gastric lymphoma was revealed. Furthermore, over the years, the biomolecular mechanism involvement in some diseases has also been noted (such as cardiovascular ones), which could affect patients positive for H. pylori. Conclusions: Thanks to scientific and technological advances, the role of the bacterium H. pylori in carcinogenesis has been discovered and demonstrated, and new prospective research is currently attempting to investigate the role of other factors in the stomach and other organs. Cancer from H. pylori infection had a high incidence rate compared to various types of cancer, but in recent years, it is improving thanks to the techniques developed in the detection of the bacterium and the evolution of therapies. Thus, although it has become an increasingly treatable disease, there is still continuous ongoing research in the field of treatment for resistance and pharma compliance. Furthermore, in this field, probiotic therapy is considered a valid adjuvant.

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Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy: Diagnosis and Therapy

The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research ◽

10.7704/kjhugr.2019.0037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 204-209

Author(s):

Youn I Choi ◽

Jun-Won Chung

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Remnant Stomach ◽

Optimal Timing ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Eradication ◽

Metachronous Gastric Cancer ◽

H Pylori

The role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer is unclear. Although European and Asian guidelines strongly recommend H. pylori eradication in patients who undergo endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer, these guidelines do not specify the tests useful for diagnosing H. pylori infection, the optimal timing and appropriate eradication regimens, and follow-up strategies in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer. This review aims to update the guidelines for the diagnosis and management of H. pylori infection in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer. We have focused on the following issues: 1) diagnostic tests for H. pylori infection in the remnant stomach, 2) optimal timing and regimen for H. pylori eradication, and 3) role of H. pylori eradication in reducing the risk of metachronous gastric cancer in the remnant stomach.

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