scholarly journals Infectious Diseases and the Pre-Hospital Practitioner

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Speers
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Emergency Service Personnel ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Safety Strategy

Ambulance officers and other emergency service personnel may be exposed to the body fluids of their patients due to the unpredictable nature of their work. As it is not possible to predict which patients may have a communicable disease, standard precautions must be practiced at all times. This is part of an occupational health and safety strategy that includes appropriate immunisation, education, and post-exposure counselling of staff. The actual risk of acquiring blood-borne viruses or other communicable diseases is less than is generally perceived, and post-exposure prophylaxis is available for several of these. Hepatitis B is the most transmissible of the blood-borne viruses but there is very effective pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis available. There is effective post-exposure prophylaxis available for HIV but not for hepatitis C. An ambulance officer exposed to tuberculosis or meningococcal disease should also be offered post-exposure counselling and protective therapy as appropriate, although the risk of subsequent disease is very small. Education of staff about the actual risks involved following an exposure and the correct procedures to follow will allay fears and allow the safe and efficient management of patients outside of the hospital.

scholarly journals Human post exposure anti-rabies prophylactic assistance in the south of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 2801-2812
Author(s):  
Jaíne Soares de Paula Vasconcellos ◽  
◽  
Fagner D'ambroso Fernandes ◽  
Fabiana Raquel Ratzlaff ◽  
Sônia de Ávila Botton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Mandatory Notification ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Rabies is a zoonosis caused by Lyssavirus, with progressive development and a high lethality rate. In Brazil, rabies and accidents caused by animals potentially transmitting the disease are mandatory notification injuries. Exposure to rabies infection places a high financial burden on public health systems, especially for the care of people who are exposed and have a high risk of death. We aimed to define the epidemiological profile of human rabies post-exposure assistance in the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2010 to 2015. Data from Brazil’s Notifiable Diseases Information System were obtained and analyzed; these data were acquired by the completion of individual inquiry forms querying human anti-rabies assistance. A total of 55% (1,898/3,453) of anti-rabies assistance cases involved women and 45% (1,555/3,453) men. The highest occurrence (54.5%–1,882/3,453) was in the age group of 20–59 years. Most registered cases (87.5%–3,024/3.453) were caused by dogs, followed by cats (10.9%–378/3,453). The lower limb (22.1%–617/2,790) was the area of the body with the highest number of canine bites. We observed incorrect indications for the treatment. We suggest further training for health professionals involved in rabies post-exposure prophylaxis care, and dissemination of information aimed at educating users about the importance of animal-related injuries.

scholarly journals Systematic review of community efforts in early handling post-exposure prophylaxis cases of rabies animal bite transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Tanti Marjiana ◽  
Asti Melani Astari ◽  
Lilik Zuhriyah
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Rabies is acute progressive encephalitis, caused by a virus that enters the body after the bite of an infected animal, and migrates to the brain. Management of rabies animal bite transmission (GHPR) with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the most important strategy for preventing rabies-related mortality. GHPR victims need the right PEP. Effective post-exposure provision depends on good individual awareness about rabies and access to health services. To find out the efforts made by the community in raising public awareness to get PEP by doing initial handling after GHPR appropriately. This systematic review begins by identifying the literature on scientific articles that have been published in 2014-2019 in international databases namely Proquest, ScienceDirect, Springer and Ebsco. Selection is done by systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram and selected using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist format tools. The nine relevant articles were obtained to be analyzed into a systematic review, namely four articles from the Proquest database, two articles from the ScienceDirect database and three articles from the Ebsco database. Community efforts in initial treatment of victims exposed to GHPR are immediately carried out by applying wound washing, providing antiseptics and immediately to health care facilities to get further treatment. The community should understand important information about handling practices in GHPR wound management appropriately. PEP was an immediate action for early relief when victims are exposed to GHPR. PEP was conducted as an effort to prevent the virus from developing into dangerous stages that could result in death

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practice of Standard Precautions and Awareness Regarding Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV among Interns of a Medical College in West Bengal, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuvankar Mukherjee ◽  
Agnihotri Bhattacharyya ◽  
Biswanath SharmaSarkar ◽  
Dipendra N. Goswami ◽  
Santanu Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Standard precautions and post exposure prophylaxis for preventing infections

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Sridhar ◽  
S. Boopathi ◽  
Rakesh Lodha ◽  
S. K. Kabra
Keyword(s):  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Low awareness and use of post-exposure prophylaxis among adolescents and young adults in South Africa: implications for the prevention of new HIV infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi ◽  
Mohammed Sanusi Yusuf ◽  
Elmon Mudefi ◽  
Oladele Vincent Adeniyi ◽  
Ntombana Rala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Study of sharp injuries and blood splash exposures among healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in Bangalore

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Sivananjiah Pradeep ◽  
Suman Gadicherla Raghu ◽  
Prathab A G ◽  
Banashankari G Rudresh ◽  
Radhika Kunnavil
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Sharps Injury ◽  
Sharps Injuries

The working environment of healthcare workers (HCW) exposes them to sharp injuries. This communication attempts to examine the injury registers, incidence of sharps injuries and blood splash exposures, and the post-exposure prophylaxis status of employees in a tertiary care hospital. Analysis included records form 54 locations of two units of a tertiary hospital attached to a Medical College. Maintenance of the injury register overall was highly satisfactory in both units. Two hundred and nine injuries were recorded from both units of the hospital. The majority of injuries (60.5%) occurred in the age group of 20-30 years with 70% among females. Waste handlers were at increased risk during waste management procedures. Thirty two percent of sharps injury injuries occurred in wards. Of the ward nursing staff, 25.3% received sharps injuries. Post-exposure prophylaxis for Hepatitis B (primary dose) was given to 25 HCWs; 11 received booster doses. The basic regimen for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis was given to 4 HCWs. Awareness about records maintenance, regular documentation, awareness and training, and implementation of appropriate preventive measures can reduce the incidence of injuries. Key words: Sharps, injury register, Health care workers (HCW),Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

scholarly journals 986. Improvement in Administration of HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in the Emergency Department Following Sexual Assault

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S521-S522
Author(s):  
Jennifer R Silva-Nash ◽  
Stacie Bordelon ◽  
Ryan K Dare ◽  
Sherrie Searcy
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Nonoccupational post exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) following sexual assault can prevent HIV transmission. A standardized Emergency Department (ED) protocol for evaluation, treatment, and follow up for post assault victims was implemented to improve compliance with CDC nPEP guidelines. Methods A single-center observational study of post sexual assault patients before/after implementation of an ED nPEP protocol was conducted by comparing the appropriateness of prescriptions, labs, and necessary follow up. A standardized order-set based on CDC nPEP guidelines, with involvement of an HIV pharmacist and ID clinic, was implemented during the 2018-2019 academic year. Clinical data from pre-intervention period (07/2016-06/2017) was compared to post-intervention period (07/2018-08/2019) following a 1-year washout period. Results During the study, 147 post-sexual assault patients (59 Pre, 88 Post) were included. One hundred thirty-three (90.4%) were female, 68 (46.6%) were African American and 133 (90.4%) were candidates for nPEP. Median time to presentation following assault was 12.6 hours. nPEP was offered to 40 (67.8%) and 84 (95.5%) patients (P< 0.001) and ultimately prescribed to 29 (49.2%) and 71 (80.7%) patients (P< 0.001) in pre and post periods respectively. Renal function (37.3% vs 88.6%; P< 0.001), pregnancy (39.0% vs 79.6%; P< 0.001), syphilis (3.4% vs 89.8%; P< 0.001), hepatitis B (15.3% vs 95.5%; P< 0.001) and hepatitis C (27.1% vs 94.3%) screening occurred more frequently during the post period. Labratory, nPEP Prescription and Follow up Details for Patients Prescribed nPEP Conclusion The standardization of an nPEP ED protocol for sexual assault victims resulted in increased nPEP administration, appropriateness of prescription, screening for other sexually transmitted infectious and scheduling follow up care. While guideline compliance dramatically improved, further interventions are likely warranted in this vulnerable population. Disclosures Ryan K. Dare, MD, MS, Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc (Research Grant or Support)

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