English as a Tool of British Political and Linguistic Imperialism in Chinua Achebe’s A Man of the People

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Chinua Achebe ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Linguistic Imperialism ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Circle Model

The spread of English is considered as a tool of British political and linguistic imperialism in the effects of globalization. Kachrus Three Circle Model of World Englishes has always played a significant role in the categorization of the spread of English. This model is always used as an important tool to critically analyze the distributed circle of English speaking regions in the world where English is dominant over other languages and cultures. In the present study, the outer circle from the Kachrus model is focused. A Man of the People by Chinua Achebe has been analyzed through the lens of Kachrus Three Circle Model of World Englishes. The study finds that the spread of English is basically a tool used for homogenized attacks by British imperialism in order to subdue other cultures, politically and linguistically.

scholarly journals English as a Tool of British Political and Linguistic Imperialism in Chinua Achebe’s A Man of the People

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Chinua Achebe ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Linguistic Imperialism ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Circle Model

The spread of English is considered as a tool of British political and linguistic imperialism in effects of globalization. Kachrus Three Circle model of World Englishes has always played significant role in the categorization of the spread of English. This model is always used as an important tool to critically analyze the distributed circle of English speaking regions in the world where English is dominant over other languages and cultures. In the present study the outer circle from Kachrus model is focused. A Man of the People by Chinua Achebe has been analysed through the lens of Kachrus Three Circle Model of World Englishes. The study finds that the spread of English is basically a tool used for homogenized attack by British imperialism in order to subdue other cultures, politically and linguistically.

English as a Tool of British Political and Linguistic Imperialism in Chinua Achebe’s A Man of the People

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (II) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Chinua Achebe ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Linguistic Imperialism ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Circle Model

he spread of English is considered as a tool of British political and linguistic imperialism in effects of globalization. Kachrus Three Circle model of World Englishes has always played significant role in the categorization of the spread of English. This model is always used as an important tool to critically analyze the distributed circle of English speaking regions in the world where English is dominant over other languages and cultures. In the present study the outer circle from Kachrus model is focused. A Man of the People by Chinua Achebe has been analysed through the lens of Kachrus Three Circle Model of World Englishes. The study finds that the spread of English is basically a tool used for homogenized attack by British imperialism in order to subdue other cultures, politically and linguistically.

Chinese Netizens’ reactions to the use of English as a lingua franca

English Today ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Weihong Wang ◽  
Fan (Gabriel) Fang
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Linguistic Capital ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Global English ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
British English ◽  
Linguistic Imperialism ◽  
The World

With the spread of English around the globe, academics increasingly seek to figure out what global English means to the world. Some accept English globalisation as a reality and take it as natural, neutral and beneficial for international and intercultural communication (Crystal, 2003). Some recognise English skills as important linguistic capital and must-have global literacy (Park & Wee, 2012; Tsui & Tollefson, 2007). However, others associate the global expansion of English with linguistic imperialism and the death of indigenous languages (Phillipson, 2009). Some regard globally spread English as native English varieties, particularly American and British English (Modiano, 2001; Trudgill, 1999), others argue for the rise of local varieties of World Englishes (WE) (Bolton, 2005; Kachru, 1986) and the international use of English as a lingua franca (ELF) (Jenkins, 2007; Seidlhofer, 2011). Although these generic interpretations of English have solid arguments from their own perspectives, none is sufficient to elucidate all the ‘complexity of ideological ramifications of the spread of English in [any] particular locality’ (Pan, 2011: 79).

scholarly journals NATIVESPEAKERISM AND WORLD ENGLISHES: TEACHERS PERCEPTION TOWARDS NON-NATIVE ENGLISH VARIETIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Maraden Silalahi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
Contextual Understanding ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Native English Speaking ◽  
Native English Speaking Teachers

<p>In the last decade, the development of information technology confirms English as a Lingua Franca used by native English speakers and nonnative English speakers. English in a global context has triggered the emergence of new English variants, resulting from the assimilation of English into a local language known as World Englishes. On the other hand, Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEAFL) in Indonesia is still oriented towards the ideology of nativespeakerism which believes that TEAFL should be done by Native English-Speaking Teachers (NEST) because they are believed to have better linguistic competence and contextual understanding than Nonnative English-Speaking Teachers (NNEST). This article is directed to determine the perceptions of English teachers in Indonesia regarding the world Englishes phenomenon. This research is qualitative research with 20 informants consisting of 10 Nonnative English-Speaking Teachers and 10 Native English-Speaking Teachers. Four Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), each consisting of 5 informants, will be conducted to gather as much information as possible related to teachers’ perceptions. This research is expected to provide an overview of foreign language teaching in Indonesia. The results showed that nativespeakerism has a strong correlation with the world Englishes phenomenon. In the Indonesian context, this is shaped by the stigma that forms in society. This research is expected to enrich teaching studies, specifically in teaching foreign languages.</p>

scholarly journals A Comparative study on English language teaching to young learners around the world

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Cansu Orsel ◽  
Fatih Yavuz
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
The World ◽  
Expanding Circle ◽  
Inner Circle

Usage of the English language as Lingua Franca has caused an increasing demand on the English Language Teaching (ELT) in early childhood and according to Braj Kachru’s Three Circles Model of World Englishes as the Inner Circle, the Outer Circle, and the Expanding Circle the approaches to the Young Learners dramatically differs. Besides the features of English as a global language and the nature of early language learning, this paper also focuses on the comparison of the three different examples from the Three Circles Model of World Englishes. They are compared in terms of techniques that are used and the approaches to the Young Learners. The examples taken are from the official websites of the three countries from the Inner Circle, Outer Circle, and the Expanding Circle; respectively, New Zealand’s Ministry of Education, Indian Ministry of Human Resource Development, and the Turkish Board of Education and Instruction. Keywords: Young Learners, The World Englishes, Lingua Franca, Braj Kachru, English Language Teaching (ELT).

scholarly journals Babel

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 52-76
Author(s):  
Nina Gładziuk ◽  
Paweł Janowski
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Self ◽  
Public Order ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World

What interests us here is the fact that Babel as a figure of confusion became almost the self-named epithet of 17th-century England. All the participants of the debate that took place during the revolution or the postbellum associated Babel with the conceptual chaos of the civil war. The lively “pamphlet war” then brought a pluralistic forum for public opinion in which all the confused languages of politics were equal. When all could read the Bible, everyone could read the story of Babel in their own way. But nothing could reconcile those who read the divine right of kings in it with those who read the divine right of the people in it. In the 17th century, Babel was seen as a figure of discursive confusion, as the confusion was experienced in the form of fanatical languages of arguing sects. Liberalism, if the English-speaking world is acknowledged to be its cradle, constitutes an attempt to escape the impasse of the discursive Babel via the legalistic means of the state of law. According to Hobbes, the irreversible multitude of languages makes one ask what public order can reconcile nominalism in the sphere of political opinion with the social Diaspora of individuals released from the bonds of status or corporation. How to build a state while one Christian faith is disintegrating into many sects fighting each other? How to build a state in the chronic pluralism of the social world and multifaceted dissociation of the traditional community? This is why Babel as a figure of confusion provides the primary conceptual capacity for the liberal organization of the world.

Missing me and Msing the other

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8.1-8.17
Author(s):  
Joanne Winter ◽  
Anne Pauwels
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Language Change ◽  
First Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Address System

The introduction and spread ofMsas the courtesy address title for women is a cornerstone of feminist linguistic planning for English. Its introduction aimed to eradicate the discriminatory inequity in the address system that exposed women through their (non)marital relationship with men. The understanding, use and impact of the courtesy title are fairly well documented, particularly for Englishes of Australia (e.g. Pauwels 1987; 1998; 2001; 2003), US and Britain (Romaine 2001) and New Zealand (Holmes 2001). We have little knowledge of the form’s spread, impact and use by speakers for whom English is not the dominant language but forms part of their linguistic repertoire. Graddol (1997) argues that English-speaking bilinguals will outnumber first language speakers and, ‘increasingly will decide the global future of the language’ (p.10). Such contexts of English – second / third / foreign – usage loosely align with locales Kachru (1997) identified as ‘expanding circles’, and to some extent, many of the ‘outer circle’ Englishes, e.g. Hong Kong. In this paper we take up a new direction in feminist language planning: the exploration of courtesy title use and practices by English-speaking mono-/bi-/multilingual women around the world. We draw upon online survey data (available fromhttp://www.teagirl.arts.uwa.edu.au/) to probe respondents’ strategies for addressing unknown women, as well as women’s use of courtesy titles for themselves. Our mapping of practices associated withMsreveals an unexpected pattern of diffusion with implications for evaluating planned social language change. In relation toMs, the implementation of feminist linguistic policy does not cohere with a pattern of spread from inner to outer to expanding ‘circles’ of English or from ‘first language speaker’ to … ‘foreign language speaker’ diffusion. The locale and personal contexts associated with education, awareness and personal commitment to gender equity interact in complicating, and surprising ways. Indeed our research exposes a new directionality forMsas a preferred form for unknown women, without necessarily implicating its use in self-naming for many bilingual women resident in ‘outer circle’ locales.

scholarly journals DERAILMENT OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM: A STUDY BASED ON THE CONSTITUTIONS OF INDONESIA AND INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Roy Vettikuzhiyil Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Attitude

India, being the largest democracy and Indonesia, being the third largest democracy in the world, have significant role in their basic attitude toward religious freedom among the world nations. Based on the Constitutions of the both countries, this study focuses on the religious freedom and its derailment in many ways. Religion plays a vital role in the society in moulding and building the civilization and humanity whether people accept it or not. It can affect the growth of the people positively or negatively. I would like to analyze the background of the Constitutional articles on religious freedom. How do the drafters of the Constitutions conceive of religious freedom in their respective countries? What were their dreams and aspirations when they drafted each article regarding the religious freedom in the Constitution? How much are they implemented or realized?

Missing me and Msing the other

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8.1-8.17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Winter ◽  
Anne Pauwels
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Language Change ◽  
First Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Address System

The introduction and spread of Ms as the courtesy address title for women is a cornerstone of feminist linguistic planning for English. Its introduction aimed to eradicate the discriminatory inequity in the address system that exposed women through their (non)marital relationship with men. The understanding, use and impact of the courtesy title are fairly well documented, particularly for Englishes of Australia (e.g. Pauwels 1987; 1998; 2001; 2003), US and Britain (Romaine 2001) and New Zealand (Holmes 2001). We have little knowledge of the form’s spread, impact and use by speakers for whom English is not the dominant language but forms part of their linguistic repertoire. Graddol (1997) argues that English-speaking bilinguals will outnumber first language speakers and, ‘increasingly will decide the global future of the language’ (p.10). Such contexts of English – second / third / foreign – usage loosely align with locales Kachru (1997) identified as ‘expanding circles’, and to some extent, many of the ‘outer circle’ Englishes, e.g. Hong Kong. In this paper we take up a new direction in feminist language planning: the exploration of courtesy title use and practices by English-speaking mono-/bi-/multilingual women around the world. We draw upon online survey data (available from http://www.teagirl.arts.uwa.edu.au/) to probe respondents’ strategies for addressing unknown women, as well as women’s use of courtesy titles for themselves. Our mapping of practices associated with Ms reveals an unexpected pattern of diffusion with implications for evaluating planned social language change. In relation to Ms, the implementation of feminist linguistic policy does not cohere with a pattern of spread from inner to outer to expanding ‘circles’ of English or from ‘first language speaker’ to … ‘foreign language speaker’ diffusion. The locale and personal contexts associated with education, awareness and personal commitment to gender equity interact in complicating, and surprising ways. Indeed our research exposes a new directionality for Ms as a preferred form for unknown women, without necessarily implicating its use in self-naming for many bilingual women resident in ‘outer circle’ locales.

Missionary Language Learning in a World Hierarchy of Languages

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-488
Author(s):  
William A. Smalley
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
English Speaking

Languages are organized into a hierarchy of multilingualism based on patterns of learning and use. Native speakers of English, at the top of the hierarchy, find the popularity of English to be convenient. However, it is also detrimental to the work of English-speaking missionaries, as many are inhibited by hierarchical assumptions from gaining the level of skill which they need in the languages of the people to whom they want to minister. Missionary language competence therefore seems to be decreasing throughout the world as English increases, and only conversion of the typical Anglo missionary worldview can reverse the decline.

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