scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF VALUES IN PSYCHIATRY: A CONTRIBUTION OF PHILOSOPHY TO MEDICAL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Luca Ceraolo ◽  
Mateja Ploj Virtič
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Science Education ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Holistic Model ◽  
Contemporary Philosopher ◽  
Human Ethics ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Historical Reflection

Even though medical ethics has recently become a rather prominent area in healthcare, there are still institutions in some European countries where mentally ill patients are treated inhumanely. In order to help abolish such institutions, it is fundamental to further emphasize human ethics and ensure that it is duly taken into account – where necessary – medical education. A deep philosophical analysis of how we can improve medical education through appropriate modern approaches has been done. Prior research has shown that implementing what we call a holistic model grounded on interdisciplinarity into higher education significantly improves and deepens the level of knowledge. Basing on the importance of educational constructivism and the integration of history and philosophy of science in science education, there is a potential to improve medical education. The research aims to present a philosophical and historical reflection on psychiatry and to provide the guidelines to improve medical education. In particular, it is discussed the problem of value-ladenness in psychiatry from two different perspectives. The first, developed by the contemporary philosopher Rachel Cooper, points out how this commitment to values not only generates questions regarding the definition and the characterization of mental disorders, but also influences the epistemology of psychiatry in empirical research and methods. The second regards the more continental-influenced philosophical thought of the Italian psychiatrist Franco Basaglia, who succeeded in changing the educational and therapeutic practices in the relationship between health workers and patient. The concept of “meeting” is fundamental to translate Basaglia’s suggestions in new guidelines for contemporary medical education. Keywords: medical education, medical ethics, philosophy of science, science education, value-ladenness in psychiatry

scholarly journals Paediatric Residents and Fellows Ethics (PERFEct) survey: perceptions of European trainees regarding ethical dilemmas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. den Boer ◽  
A. Zanin ◽  
J. M. Latour ◽  
J. Brierley
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Ethics Training ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Medical Ethics Education ◽  
European Paediatric ◽  
Future Practice

AbstractWith an increasingly complex healthcare environment, ethics is becoming a more critical part of medical education. We aimed to explore European paediatric trainees’ experiences of facing ethical dilemmas and their medical ethics education whilst assessing their perceptions of ethical dilemmas in current and future practice. The Young Sections of the European Academy of Paediatrics and European Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care developed an explorative online survey covering demographics, ethical dilemmas faced and ethics training. The survey was made available in nine languages from November 2019 to January 2020 via newsletters and social media. Participants (n = 253) from 22 countries, predominantly female (82%) and residents (70%), with a median age of 29-years, completed the survey. The majority (58%) faced ethical dilemmas monthly or more frequently. Most ethics training was received by ethics lectures in medical school (81%) and on the job (60%). A disagreement between the healthcare team and patient/family was the most frequently faced moral dilemma (45%); the second was withholding/withdrawing life-prolonging measures (33%). The latter was considered the most challenging dilemma to resolve (50%). Respondents reported that ethical issues are not sufficiently addressed during their training and wished for more case-based teaching. Many have been personally affected by moral dilemmas, especially regarding withholding/withdrawing life-prolonging measures, and often felt inadequately supported.Conclusion: Paediatric trainees face many moral issues in daily practice and consider that training about managing current and future ethical dilemmas should be improved, such as by the provision of a core European paediatric ethics curriculum. What is Known:• Paediatric services are becoming more complex with an increase in ethical dilemmas asking for rigorous training in ethics.• Ethics training is often lacking or covered poorly in both pre- and postgraduate medical education curricula.• Existing ethics training for European paediatric trainees is haphazard and lacks standardisation. What is New:• The PaEdiatric Residents and Fellows Ethics (PERFEct) survey provides insight into the European paediatric trainees’ views regarding ethical dilemmas in their current and future practice.• European paediatric trainees report a lack of ethics training during paediatric residency and fellowship.• This study provides content suggestions for standardised medical ethics training for paediatric trainees in Europe.

scholarly journals FILSAFAT ILMU KARL R. POPPER DAN THOMAS S. KUHN SERTA IMPLIKASINYA DALAM PENGAJARAN ILMU

HUMANIKA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Slamet Subekti
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Puzzle Solving ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Practice Of Science

This article discusses about philosophy of science according to Karl R. Popper and Thomas S. Kuhn. There are similarities and differences between their views about how progress and what function of science.Apparently both Popper and Kuhn agree that science does not proceed by induction. However Kuhn disagrees with the view that science progresses by falsifiability through conjectures and refutations, but occurance by paradigm shift. Popper and Kuhn’s disagreement amounted to a distinction between two functions within the practice of science, one of criticism (Popper) and one of puzzle solving (Kuhn).Science education implies the teaching and learning of science interesting and fruitful in one hand, and teachers should be role models to students in the other hand

Teaching Medical Ethics in Graduate and Undergraduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review of Effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago de la Garza ◽  
Vania Phuoc ◽  
Steven Throneberry ◽  
Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby ◽  
Laurence McCullough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Education

History and Philosophy of Science in Science Education, in Brazil

2013 ◽  
pp. 2271-2299
Author(s):  
Roberto de Andrade Martins ◽  
Cibelle Celestino Silva ◽  
Maria Elice Brzezinski Prestes
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Education In Brazil

More Than Just an Intern: Utilizing the Post-Graduate Medical Education Model to Increase the Value of Field Placement Experiences for Public Health Program Graduates

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10S-12S ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dreyzehner ◽  
Christian Williams ◽  
Eric Harkness
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Graduate Medical Education ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Field Placement ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
Graduate Medical ◽  
Field Placements ◽  
Recent Graduates ◽  
High Level

Internships and field placements are a critical component of public health education in that they help ensure that future public health workers are able to apply theory and concepts to practice. However, developing successful practice-based experiences is dependent on both public health agencies and academic institutions collaborating to identify the competencies students should possess on entry into the field. It also takes considerable time and resources from public health departments to make these field placements successful. Seeking to innovate on existing field placement models in an effort to provide a rich relationship between students and practitioners, the Tennessee Department of Health has developed a new fellowship experience for recent graduates of public health programs that draws on the multidisciplinary aspects of post-graduate medical education. The Commissioner’s Fellowship in Public Health provides recent graduates an opportunity for practical high-level experiential learning in place of—or prior to—additional academic work. The program has two overarching goals: (1) to address emerging needs of public health in the areas of health policy and primary prevention while providing leadership, professional opportunities, and practical experience to recent graduates that will serve as a foundation for a career in public health; and (2) to provide a high level, diverse, and extended post-graduate population health experience prior to committing to a particular field.

Using Simulation in Radiographic Science Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-67
Author(s):  
Christopher Ira Wertz ◽  
Jessyca Wagner ◽  
Trevor Mark Ward ◽  
Wendy Mickelsen
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Science Education ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Real World ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Virtual Simulation ◽  
Common Method ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Education Programs

Students in radiographic science education programs must master both the didactic education and psychomotor skills necessary to perform radiographic examinations on patients in a clinical setting. Simulation is the most common method of helping radiographic science students prepare to perform such examinations. Simulation can be performed either in live or virtual environments. Recently there has been a trend to adopt virtual simulation in medical education because of the reduced adverse effects virtual simulation provides as opposed to live simulation and real-world practice. Though there is a paucity of literature available discussing virtual simulation's use in radiographic science education, recent studies in this field and related medical imaging modalities have shown the benefits of using virtual simulation. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the current use of virtual simulation in radiographic science education and characteristics to consider when implementing a simulation program.

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