Responses of myokines concentrations from exercise stimulus: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Leandro Paim da Cruz Carvalho ◽  
Matheus Borges da Cruz Gomes ◽  
Ícaro Cerqueira da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Pedro Henrique Silva Santos ◽  
Ariel Custódio De Oliveira II ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Review Form ◽  
Exercise Stimulus

The skeletal muscle is the largest endocrine organ of human body and have this role through peptides and proteins known as myokines. The myokines are cytokines that are produced and secreted by the skeletal muscle in response to the stimulus of contraction, acting locally and/or be released in the circulation and influence other distant tissues. Physical exercise is a potent stimulus for molecular adaptations in the organism, and when practiced with regularity, promotes structural and functional adaptations in skeletal muscle. Therefore, physical exercise has a direct action on the concentrations of myokines. Based on this, this research investigated, through a systematic literature review, the responses of myokines concentrations from the stimulus of physical exercise. Searches were carried out by two researchers independently, in the Scielo, Pubmed and Virtual Healthy Library databases, analyzing articles published between 2009 and 2020, after a careful selection process in four stages, the works that reached the third stage were read in full and submitted to quality analysis using a critical review form. At the end of the process, 12 articles were selected to compose the discussion. The analyzed articles show that physical performance, both acute and chronic, is capable of significantly modulating the concentration of several myokines, promoting an increase in many such as IL-6, IL-15, BDNF and apelin, in addition to a significant decrease in muscle myostatin.Keywords: exercise, skeletal muscle fibers, cytokines.

scholarly journals The Combination of Fasting, Acute Resistance Exercise, and Protein Ingestion Led to Different Responses of Autophagy Markers in Gastrocnemius and Liver Samples

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. Pinto ◽  
Tales S. Vieira ◽  
Bruno B. Marafon ◽  
Gabriela Batitucci ◽  
Elisa M. B. Cabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Protein Ingestion ◽  
Autophagy Pathway ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Exercise Stimulus

The present study verified the responses of proteins related to the autophagy pathway after 10 h of fast with resistance exercise and protein ingestion in skeletal muscle and liver samples. The rats were distributed into five experimental groups: control (CT; sedentary and without gavage after fast), exercise immediately (EXE-imm; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received water by gavage immediately after exercise), exercise after 1 h (EXE-1h; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received water by gavage 1 h after exercise), exercise and supplementation immediately after exercise (EXE/Suppl-imm; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received a mix of casein: whey protein 1:1 (w/w) by gavage immediately after exercise), exercise and supplementation 1 h after exercise (EXE/Suppl-1h; after fast, rats were submitted to the resistance protocol and received a mix of casein: whey protein 1:1 (w/w) by gavage 1 h after exercise). In summary, the current findings show that the combination of fasting, acute resistance exercise, and protein blend ingestion (immediately or 1 h after the exercise stimulus) increased the serum levels of leucine, insulin, and glucose, as well as the autophagy protein contents in skeletal muscle, but decreased other proteins related to the autophagic pathway in the liver. These results deserve further mechanistic investigations since athletes are combining fasting with physical exercise to enhance health and performance outcomes.

scholarly journals Physical activity and health, novel concepts and new targets: report from the 12th Conference of the International Research Group on the Biochemistry of Exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs K. C. Hesselink ◽  
Marleen A. van Baak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Research Group ◽  
International Research ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
International Research Group ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Exercise Induced

The present paper is the introductory paper to a series of brief reviews representing the proceedings of a recent conference on ‘The biochemical basis for the health effects of exercise’ organized by the International Research Group on the Biochemistry of Exercise in conjunction with the Nutrition Society. Here the aim is to briefly review and highlight the main innovations presented during this meeting. The following topics were covered during the meeting: exercise signalling pathways controlling fuel oxidation during and after exercise; the fatty acid transporters of skeletal muscle; mechanisms involved in exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle; new methodologies and insights in the regulation of fat metabolism during exercise; muscle hypertrophy: the signals of insulin, amino acids and exercise; adipose tissue–liver–muscle interactions leading to insulin resistance. In these symposia state-of-the-art knowledge on how physical exercise exerts its effects on health was presented. The fast-growing number of identified pathways and processes involved in the health effects of physical exercise, which were discussed during the meeting, will help to develop tailored physical-activity regimens in the prevention of inactivity-induced deterioration of health.

Physical exercise increases autophagic signaling through ULK1 in human skeletal muscle

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (8) ◽  
pp. 971-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Buch Møller ◽  
Mikkel Holm Vendelbo ◽  
Britt Christensen ◽  
Berthil Forrest Clasen ◽  
Ann Mosegaard Bak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Transgenic Animal ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Transgenic Animal Models ◽  
Exercise Induced

Data from transgenic animal models suggest that exercise-induced autophagy is critical for adaptation to physical training, and that Unc-51 like kinase-1 (ULK1) serves as an important regulator of autophagy. Phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser555 stimulates autophagy, whereas phosphorylation at Ser757 is inhibitory. To determine whether exercise regulates ULK1 phosphorylation in humans in vivo in a nutrient-dependent manner, we examined skeletal muscle biopsies from healthy humans after 1-h cycling exercise at 50% maximal O2 uptake on two occasions: 1) during a 36-h fast, and 2) during continuous glucose infusion at 0.2 kg/h. Physical exercise increased ULK1 phosphorylation at Ser555 and decreased lipidation of light chain 3B. ULK1 phosphorylation at Ser555 correlated positively with AMP-activated protein kinase-α Thr172 phosphorylation and negatively with light chain 3B lipidation. ULK1 phosphorylation at Ser757 was not affected by exercise. Fasting increased ULK1 and p62 protein expression, but did not affect exercise-induced ULK1 phosphorylation. These data demonstrate that autophagy signaling is activated in human skeletal muscle after 60 min of exercise, independently of nutritional status, and suggest that initiation of autophagy constitutes an important physiological response to exercise in humans.

scholarly journals Physical exercise increases Sestrin 2 protein levels and induces autophagy in the skeletal muscle of old mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciene Lenhare ◽  
Barbara M. Crisol ◽  
Vagner R.R. Silva ◽  
Carlos K. Katashima ◽  
André V. Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Old Mice

scholarly journals Muscle–Organ Crosstalk: The Emerging Roles of Myokines

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Charlotte Krogh Severinsen ◽  
Bente Klarlund Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Endothelial Cell Function ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
White Fat ◽  
Response To Exercise

Abstract Physical activity decreases the risk of a network of diseases, and exercise may be prescribed as medicine for lifestyle-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes, dementia, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. During the past couple of decades, it has been apparent that skeletal muscle works as an endocrine organ, which can produce and secrete hundreds of myokines that exert their effects in either autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manners. Recent advances show that skeletal muscle produces myokines in response to exercise, which allow for crosstalk between the muscle and other organs, including brain, adipose tissue, bone, liver, gut, pancreas, vascular bed, and skin, as well as communication within the muscle itself. Although only few myokines have been allocated to a specific function in humans, it has been identified that the biological roles of myokines include effects on, for example, cognition, lipid and glucose metabolism, browning of white fat, bone formation, endothelial cell function, hypertrophy, skin structure, and tumor growth. This suggests that myokines may be useful biomarkers for monitoring exercise prescription for people with, for example, cancer, diabetes, or neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Chronic inflammation in skeletal muscle impairs satellite cells function during regeneration: can physical exercise restore the satellite cell niche?

FEBS Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (11) ◽  
pp. 1973-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Augusto Perandini ◽  
Patricia Chimin ◽  
Diego da Silva Lutkemeyer ◽  
Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Satellite Cell Niche ◽  
Cell Niche

EFFECT OF HIGH DOSES OF AMYTAL ON SKELETAL MUSCLE

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Bernard E. Riedel ◽  
Mervyn J. Huston
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Electrical Stimulus ◽  
High Doses

Sodium amytal, 350 mgm. per kgm., injected intraperitoneally into rats caused a marked depression in the response of normal and denervated striated muscle to electrical stimulus. It is believed that the effect is due primarily to a direct action on the muscle. Sodium amytal and curare have a synergistic effect in depression of muscle fibers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document