scholarly journals Technological qualities of root crops and economic efficiency of growing sugar beet hybrids by the KWS company in the conditions of "Rasavske" Ltd. of Kaharlyk district, Kiev region

2018 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
A. Gorodetskiy ◽  
M. Grabovskiy

The paper deals with the results of research on the study of the technological traits changes in foreign hybrids root crops of the KWS company sugar beet enterprises under the influence of long-term storage and their economic efficiency. The conducted researches are especially relevant due to insufficiently studied issues of changes in the technological traits of the root crops of the newest hybrids during their storage in the crutches on the field or at the sugar factory. Estimation of new hybrids of sugar beet by regions of the Forest-steppe allows to predict the genetically determined degree of their plasticity and stability both in the yield and the quality. Hybrids with higher resistance to extreme temperatures are especially valuable. The researches were carried out during 2014–2015 at the "Rasavske" Ltd. of Kaharlyk district, Kyiv region. The sugar content in the root crops increased from 1.6% in the Alyona hybrid to 5.9 % in the Daria hybrid and 6.1 % in the Coryda hybrid, due to the loss of moisture during their prolonged storage. The content of soluble dry matter in the root crops increased from 1.7 % in the Alyona hybrid to 7.7 % in the Coryda hybrid for the same reason. The conducted calculations of cell juice quality showed that long-term storage resulted in the highest growth of this indicator by 8.2 % in the Cesaria hybrid and by 7.5 % in the Acatsia hybrid. In the Alyona hybrid, the growth rate of cell juice quality was only 0.8 %, while the Corida hybrid had the quality of the previous level. In the Olesya hybrid, this indicator decreased by 1.8 % compared with the previous determination period (October 10). The costs of growing root crops ranged from 17,859 to 20,726 UAH/ha. The highest profit was 17435 UAH/ha and the profitability level was 86.3 % for the Alyona hybrid, while the lowest economic efficiency figures were for the profit of 10,201 UAH/ha and the profitability level of 53.7 % in the Carmelite hybrid. The highest rates of the technological traits of root crops during the long-term storage of sugar beet were determined in the Alyona hybrid. The highest yield of root crops was in the Daria hybrid – 79.8 t/ha. According to the indicators of economic efficiency the Alona hybrid was the best in terms of profit (17,435 UAH/ha) and the profitability level of 86.3 %. Key words: sugar beet, hybrids, productivity, yield, sugar content, technological traits, profit, profitability level.

Author(s):  
В.О. ГОРОДЕЦКИЙ ◽  
С.О. СЕМЕНИХИН ◽  
Н.М. ДАИШЕВА ◽  
Н.И. КОТЛЯРЕВСКАЯ ◽  
М.М. УСМАНОВ

Величина неучтенных потерь сахара в России составляет 0,06–0,14 млн т в год, что обусловливает необходимость внедрения мероприятий по их снижению. В статье представлены результаты исследований по снижению микробиологической обсемененности диффузионного сока, очищенного сока II сатурации и сиропа, выведенного на длительное хранение. Рассмотрены причины, обусловливающие обсемененность корнеплодов сахарной свеклы патогенными микроорганизмами. Приведена методика постановки лабораторных исследований. Установлено, что на стадии обработки экстрагента применение сернистого ангидрида позволяет снизить обсемененность диффузионного сока МАФАнМ и плесневыми грибами на 41,75 и 40,26% соответственно. На стадии обработки фильтрованного сока II сатурации применение сернистого ангидрида снижает обсемененность сока МАФАнМ на 76,67% и практически полностью обеспечивает угнетение плесневых грибов. На стадии обработки сиропа применение сернистого ангидрида позволяет снизить обсемененность сиропа после длительного хранения МАФАнМ и плесневыми грибами на 68,97 и 58,33% соответственно, тогда как применение бисульфита натрия – только на 31,03 и 33,33% соответственно. На основании результатов исследований сделан обоснованный вывод, что обработка полупродуктов свеклосахарного производства сульфитсодержащими реагентами, а именно сернистым ангидридом, является эффективным технологическим приемом для обеспечения снижения неучтенных потерь сахарозы, возникающих в результате жизнедеятельности микроорганизмов. The value of unaccounted sugar losses in Russia is 0,06–0,14 million tons per year, which makes it necessary to implement measures to reduce them. The article presents the results of studies to reduce the microbiological contamination of diffusion juice, purified juice of the and syrup removed for long-term storage. The reasons for the contamination of sugar beet root crops with pathogenic microorganisms are considered. The method of setting up laboratory tests is given. It was found that at the stage of processing the extractant, the use of sulfurous anhydride reduces the contamination of the diffusion juice with MAFAnM and mold fungi by 41,75 and 40,26%, respectively. At the stage of processing filtered juice of second carbonation, the use of sulfur dioxide reduces the contamination of MAFAnM juice by 76,67% and almost completely suppresses mold fungi. At the syrup processing stage, the use of sulfurous anhydride reduces the contamination of the syrup after long-term storage by MAFAnM and mold fungi by 68,97 and 58,33%, respectively, while the use of sodium bisulfite – only by 31,03 and 33,33%, respectively. Based on the results obtained, a reasonable conclusion is made that the treatment of beet sugar production intermediates with sulfite-containing reagents, namely, sulfur anhydride, is an effective technological technique to ensure the reduction of unaccounted losses of sucrose resulting from the vital activity of microorganisms.


Author(s):  
О.К. НИКУЛИНА ◽  
Л.И. ЧЕРНЯВСКАЯ

Необходимость длительного хранения большого количества сахарной свеклы на сахарных предприятиях приводит к высоким потерям свекломассы и сахара, а также к снижению технологических качеств сырья. Для снижения потерь сырья при хранении широкое распространение получили химические способы защиты, для оценки эффективности которых не выработано единого комплексного критерия. С целью разработки такого критерия исследована эффективность влияния обработки биологически активными препаратами Гембар, Полидез Плюс и КСД-2 на сохранность сахарсодержащего сырья. Для исследований использовали корнеплоды сахарной свеклы, выращенной в Республике Беларусь, хорошего технологического качества, которые обрабатывали одним из препаратов – КСД-2 концентрацией 5%, Гембар и Полидез Плюс концентрацией 0,15% при расходе 2 дм3 рабочего раствора на 1 т свеклы – и закладывали на краткосрочное, среднесрочное или длительное хранение в производственном кагате. Исследования фитопатологических показателей обработанных препаратами образцов корнеплодов и контрольных – необработанных корнеплодов и расчет потери массы и сахарозы после различной продолжительности хранения проводили в течение двух производственных сезонов. Установлено, что обработка позволяет снизить содержание гнилой массы и массу ростков соответственно на 73–100% и 81% при обработке препаратом Гембар, на 40–42% и 54% при обработке Полидезом Плюс, на 87–100% и 90–92% при обработке КСД-2; уменьшить потери массы свеклы и среднесуточные потери сахарозы соответственно на 6–46% и 22,2–53,3% при обработке препаратом Гембар, на 6–77% и 5,6–29,4% при обработке Полидез Плюс, на 19–76% и 33,3–69,2% при обработке КСД-2 в зависимости от продолжительности хранения и производственного сезона. Также установлено, что в контрольном образце содержание сахарозы в зависимости от продолжительности хранения снижалось, % к массе свеклы, на 0,19 при краткосрочном хранении, на 0,48 при среднесрочном и на 0,83 при длительном хранении, но после обработки препаратом КСД-2 образцы корнеплодов потеряли соответственно 0,05; 0,19 и 0,47% сахарозы к массе свеклы, что в 3,8; 2,5 и 1,8 раза меньше по сравнению с контролем. На основе результатов исследований для оценки эффективности влияния применяемого препарата на снижение деградации сахарной свеклы при различной продолжительности хранения (сохранность технологических качеств) предложено использование двух комплексных показателей – индекса технологического качества сахарной свеклы и индекса сохранности сахарной свеклы. По разработанным формулам комплексных показателей рассчитаны индексы сохранности сахарной свеклы для исследованных вариантов хранения. The need for long-term storage of a large amount of sugar beet at sugar enterprises leads to high losses of beet pulp and sugar, as well as to a decrease in the technological qualities of raw materials. To reduce the loss of raw materials during storage, chemical methods of protection have become widespread, for evaluating the effectiveness of which no single complex criterion has been developed. In order to develop such a criterion, the effectiveness of the effect of treatment with biologically active preparations Gembar, Polydez Plus and KSD-2 on the safety of sugar-containing raw materials was studied. For the research, we used sugar beet roots grown in the Republic of Belarus, of good technological quality, which were treated with one of the preparations – KSD-2 with a concentration of 5%, Gembar and Polydez Plus with a concentration of 0,15% at a consumption of 2 dm3of the working solution per 1 ton of beet – and laid for short-term, medium-term or long-term storage in a production cahat. Studies of phytopathological parameters of samples of root crops treated with preparations and control samples of untreated root crops and calculation of weight loss and sucrose after different storage periods were carried out during two production seasons. It was found that the treatment allows to reduce the content of rotten mass and the mass of sprouts respectively by 73–100% and 81% when treated with Gembar, by 40–42% and 54% when treated with Polydez Plus, by 87–100% and 90–92% when treated with KSD-2; to reduce beet mass losses and average daily sucrose losses, respectively, by 6–46% and 22,2–53,3% when treated with Gembar, by 6–77% and 5,6–29,4% when treated with Polydez Plus, by 19–76% and 33,3–69,2% when processing KSD-2 depending on the duration of storage and the production season. It was also found that in the control sample, the sucrose content, depending on the duration of storage, decreased, % by weight of beet: by 0,19 for short-term storage, by 0,48 for medium-term, and by 0,83 for long-term storage, but after treatment with KSD-2 the root crop samples lost 0,05; 0,19 and 0,47% by weight of beet respectively, which is 3,8; 2,5 and 1,8 times less compared to the control. Based on the research results, the use of two complex indicators – the index of technological quality of sugar beet and the index of safety of sugar beet-is proposed to assess the effectiveness of the effect of the drug used on reducing the degradation of sugar beet with different storage periods (preservation of technological qualities). According to the developed formulas of complex indicators, the indices of the safety of sugar beet for the studied storage options are calculated.


2018 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 00028
Author(s):  
Mykola Zotsenko ◽  
Larysa Pedchenko ◽  
Andrii Manhura

The work objective is to substantiate the technical bases for the production of gas hydrate blocks directly on-site for further transportation and storage in above ground storages, as an alternative to transporting and storing gas in underground gas storages. The theoretical bases have been considered and processes of gas hydrate blocks producing, physical-mechanical characteristics of artificial hydrates with the purpose of determining the conditions of their storage and prolonged storage were tested in laboratory conditions. The construction of above ground gas hydrate storage in the form of a building, partially deepened in a ground, which is separated from the environment by a wall of gravel cement elements made by the mixing method were substantiated. It is proved that such a constructive solution for a long-term storage of gas hydrate blocks is the most economical in terms of energy consumption to maintain internal negative temperature.


Agrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
M. Ya. Kyrpa ◽  
N. S. Filipkova

The organization of the sowing material stocks is a necessary condition for stable seed production of any crop. Insurance, reserve, breeding and transi-tional funds are such stocks in corn seed production. Their creation and maintenance largely depend on the economic longev-ity of seeds, which can be formed at the stages of cultivation, harvesting, post-harvest processing and storage of seed. However, the data on the peculiarities of the formation of seed longevity of corn hybrids and their ability to long-term storage are lim-ited. That is why research in this area is considered relevant and important. The results of study of regularities of formation and factors of longevity of corn hybrids seeds of domestic selection are summarized in the executed work. Ecological, technical-technological and varietal factors are formed dur-ing corn cultivation, har-vesting and processing. The greatest dependence is noted on the hydrothermal conditions, start-ing from the stage of cultivation, and then – in the stages after harvesting - the modes of drying and separation of seed. High economic durability is provided under the following conditions: hydro-term coefficient at the level of 0,5–0,7 – for vegetation and 0,3–0,4 – for maturing, dry-ing temperature within 36–400С at humidity of seeds of 20–30%, fractional separation, removal from the seeds mass of the unstable frac-tion containing 18–20% of the total. Some of the factors included a sign of seed size, which is clearly manifested at the stage of long-term storage of seed. Sowing fractions differ significantly in terms of size, including the weight of 1000 seeds and their linear size. The greatest economic durability is inherent in the first and second of all factions. It is recommended to obtain them by calibrating the seeds on separating sieves with round holes with a diameter of 8–10 mm, depending on the hybrids. Prolonged storage is proposed on the basis of a combination of two factors – low humidity and airtight packaging of seeds. This significantly reduces resource costs and extends the economic longevity of corn hybrid seeds to 4–5 years.


Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-449
Author(s):  
M. N. Shkolnikova ◽  
V. N. Abbazova

Pumpkin fruits ( Cucurbita spp.) have a number of advantages and high technological potential, thanks to almost universal cultivation in a wide range of agro-climatic conditions, the ability to long-term storage, the content of dietary fibers, pectin and other polysaccharides, carotenoids, polyphenolic substances, vitamins, which cause a wide range of physiological orientation. In the process of researching the composition of local cultivars of pumpkin and the world experience of using Cucurbita spp. in the composition of food products, the need to use this ingredient in beverage recipes has been substantiated. The content of dry substances in the pumpkin samples is from 8.18 % ("Gribovskaya") to 11.6 % ("Orange bush"). The maximum sugar content is distinguished by the varieties "Winter Sweet" (6.87 %) and "Orange Bush" (7.40 %). The content of BAS-antioxidants is (without visible difference depending on the growing region): carotenoids from 1.3 mg/100 g in "Gribovskaya" to 2.0 mg/100 g - "Orange bush"; ascorbic acid - 8.7 mg/100 g in "Rossiyanka" to 14.2 mg/100 g - "Orange bush". Today all parts of the pumpkin fruit are used: the bark is a raw material for the production of feed flour and a substrate for the cultivation of lactobacilli, the seeds are traditionally used to produce pumpkin oil and flour, the pulp of the fruit is a raw material for juice-containing products, purees, carotenoid-containing and polysaccharide extracts, pectin, concentrates of first and second dishes, snack products, pasta, bakery, confectionery and meat products, etc.


2016 ◽  
pp. 760-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Wojtczak ◽  
Aneta Antczak-Chrobot ◽  
Paulina Miko ◽  
Magdalena Molska ◽  
Ilona Baszczyk ◽  
...  

Due to the prolongation of the period of the sugar campaign, it is necessary to optimize the storage conditions, so that changes in the quality of the raw material could be minimized. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of storage duration and temperature on changes in the composition of sugar beet. The study presents the changes in the content of glucose, fructose, raffinose, lactic and acetic acids, nitrates and nitrites as well as in the content of the total number of mesophilic bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and spores of denitrifying bacteria during storage under various conditions.


Author(s):  
Leonardo Regnier

Hymenaea courbaril is an endangered species, promising to reforestation programs and mainly explored as a wood source. The available information concerning long-term storage methods, seed recalcitrance, parental, and substrate influence is scarce. This study focused on the seed behavior according to population origin and during one-year storage, also testing the efficiency of the low-temperature conservation. Variations between the uncertainty indexes were found to the studied populations after long-term storage. There was no significant loss of the germination potential in consequence of the prolonged storage period. Although, older seeds promoted gradually greater delayed germination. Germination speed, synchrony, and uncertainty indexes were substantially different between the -20° conservation and control. H. courbaril seeds are capable of long-term storage without losing their germination potential, indicating an orthodox behavior.


Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Tal Goldberg ◽  
Harel Agra ◽  
Ruth Ben-Arie

The effect of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit maturity at harvest on fruit quality during long-term storage at −0.5 °C was evaluated by harvesting the fruit several times, at different stages of maturity. The progress of maturation on the vine was monitored weekly from 136 DAFB (days after full bloom). Fruit were harvested for storage at three points and stored for 3–6 months in regular air (RA), or for 6–10 months in a controlled atmosphere (CA), with or without prestorage exposure to 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). The softening rate under both storage regimes decreased with the advance in fruit maturation on the vine, as indicated by increasing soluble solids content (SSC), and declining firmness. As a result, the fruit from the first harvest (152 DAFB), which were the firmest at harvest, were the softest at the end of both storage regimes. Delaying harvest also decelerated the decline in acidity during storage, so that fruit picked last maintained the highest titratable acidity (TA) upon removal from storage. The overall fruit quality after shelf life, following prolonged storage in either RA or CA, was improved by delaying harvest to late November (ca. 200 DAFB). The harvest criteria for fruit with the best storage potential were dry matter (DM) > 17%, SSC > 7%, TA 2.0–2.6%, with more than 40% of the DM non soluble. From a commercial aspect the rule should therefore be ‘Last in, last out’ (LILO).


10.12737/3356 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
Снегирева ◽  
Svetlana Snegireva ◽  
Курьянова ◽  
Tatyana Kuryanova ◽  
Платонов ◽  
...  

The results of changes in the density of pine wood after harvesting, drying and long-term storage, and with a long stay at the root and undamaged wood are shown. The results of research on the effects of different types of fire on pine wood allowed establishing patterns of change in the average density of pine wood in trunk height in different conditions. It is found that long-term storage at room conditions, the density of pine wood damaged with strong grassroots and weak crown fire is not changed and the corresponding to values at the time of felling.


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